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ASTM G9-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings

Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The deterioration of an insulating coating film is intimately related to its moisture content. The water penetration test provides a means for monitoring the passage of moisture through a coating material by means of changes in its dielectric constant. When expressed in relation to time, the test data will reflect a rate of deterioration which is a characteristic of the coating material and will bear a relation to its expected useful life as an insulating coating. The test for water penetration will also provide information that is useful in establishing the optimum coating thickness for a given material.
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the determination of the apparent rate of depth of water penetration into insulating coatings applied to pipe.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2007
ICS
23.040.01 - Pipeline components and pipelines in general
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.48 - Durability of Pipeline Coating and Linings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G9-87(1998) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings (Withdrawn 2007)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Replaced By
ASTM G9-07(2013)e1 - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013

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ASTM G9-07 - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G9 − 07
StandardTest Method for
1
Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G9; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope life as an insulating coating. The test for water penetration will
also provide information that is useful in establishing the
1.1 This method covers the determination of the apparent
optimum coating thickness for a given material.
rate of depth of water penetration into insulating coatings
applied to pipe.
5. Apparatus
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 Immersion Cell—Any suitable nonmetallic vessel to
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
contain the test specimens. Dimensions of the vessel shall
only.
permit the following requirements:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1.1 Test specimens shall be suspended vertically with at
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
least 25 mm (1.0 in.) clearance from the sides and bottom.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1.2 Test specimens shall be separated by not less than 25
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to 40 mm (1 to 1.5 in.) and a vertically suspended anode shall
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
beplacedatanequaldistancefromeachspecimennotlessthan
the separation of distance.
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.3 The test vessel shall be deep enough to allow for
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
immersion of the samples in the electrolyte to the level
G12 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film
specified in 8.1.
Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel
3
NOTE 1—Commercially available, glass battery jars in 2-dm (0.55-gal)
3
and 10-dm (2.7-gal) sizes can be conveniently used with 19-mm
3. Summary of Test Method
(0.75-in.) and 51-mm (2.0-in. nominal) diameter specimens, respectively.
3.1 The method consists of an immersion-type test where
5.1.4 A suitable sample support plate fabricated from a
pipe specimens are suspended in an aqueous electrolyte for the
material having a low dielectric constant shall be used to
duration of the test period. Electrical measurements of coating
suspend the samples and anode above the immersion cell. The
capacitance and dissipation factor are used to follow the water
support plate shall contain an access hole for the reference
absorption rate of the test materials.
electrode. A typical test cell is illustrated in Fig. 1.
5.2 Electrolyte, consisting of tap water with the addition of
4. Significance and Use
1 weight % of each of the following technical-grade anhydrous
4.1 The deterioration of an insulating coating film is inti-
salts: sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, and sodium carbonate.
mately related to its moisture content. The water penetration
3
test provides a means for monitoring the passage of moisture NOTE2—Add30g(1.05oz)ofsodiumchlorideforeachdm (0.26gal)
of water.
throughacoatingmaterialbymeansofchangesinitsdielectric
constant. When expressed in relation to time, the test data will
5.2.1 The electrolyte in the immersion cell shall be main-
reflect a rate of deterioration which is a characteristic of the
tained at the proper level by regular additions of tap water.The
coating material and will bear a relation to its expected useful
electrolyte shall not be reused after completion of the test.
5.3 Voltage Source—Adirect current power supply, capable
of supplying low ripple voltage shall be used to maintain a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
potential difference of 6.0 6 0.1 V dc between each of the test
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.48 on Durability of Pipeline Coating and Linings.
specimens and a common electrode.
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approved
5.4 Connectors—Wiring connections from the anode to the
in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as G9 – 87 (1998) which was
withdrawn March 2007 and reinstated in July 2007. DOI: 10.1520/G0009-07.
specimen shall be of No. 18 AWG insulated copper. Attach-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ment to the anode shall be sealed and kept above the level of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the electrolyte.Attachment to the specimen shall be made by a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. method that will allow disconnection from
...

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Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The deterioration of an insulating coating film is intimately related to its moisture content. The water penetration test provides a means for monitoring the passage of moisture through a coating material by means of changes in its dielectric constant. When expressed in relation to time, the test data will reflect a rate of deterioration which is a characteristic of the coating material and will bear a relation to its expected useful life as an insulating coating. The test for water penetration will also provide information that is useful in establishing the optimum coating thickness for a given material.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The exposed metal surfaces at joints, fittings, and damaged areas in an otherwise coated pipeline will be subjected to corrosion if allowed to come in contact with the soil environment. The performance of joint and patching materials designed to function as protective coverings will depend upon such factors as the ability of the material to bond to both the pipe coating and exposed metal surfaces, the integrity of the moisture seal at lapped joints, and the water absorption characteristics of the joint material.  
4.2 The existence of substantial leakage current through the coating joint, patch, or fitting is reliable evidence that the material has suffered a significant decrease in its performance as a protective barrier. In a similar manner, measured changes in joint capacitance and dissipation factor are useful because they are related to the water absorption rate of the joint material. Water permeating an insulating barrier increases its capacitance and its progress can be measured through the use of a suitable impedance bridge.
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1.1 This test method describes determination of the comparative corrosion preventative characteristics of materials used for applications to joints, couplings, irregular fittings, and patched areas in coated pipelines. The test method is applicable to materials whose principal function is to act as barriers between the pipe surface and surrounding soil environment.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Damage to pipe coating is almost unavoidable during transportation and construction. Breaks or holidays in pipe coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion since, after a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding earth will be moisture-bearing and will constitute an effective electrolyte. Applied cathodic protection potentials may cause loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges. Spontaneous holidays may also be caused by such potentials. This test method provides accelerated conditions for cathodic disbondment to occur and provides a measure of resistance of coatings to this type of action.  
4.2 The effects of the test are to be evaluated by physical examinations and monitoring the current drawn by the test specimen. Usually there is no correlation between the two methods of evaluation, but both methods are significant. Physical examination consists of assessing the effective contact of the coating with the metal surface in terms of observed differences in the relative adhesive bond. It is usually found that the cathodically disbonded area propagates from an area where adhesion is zero to an area where adhesion reaches the original level. An intermediate zone of decreased adhesion may also be present.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes an accelerated procedure for determining comparative characteristics of insulating coating systems applied to steel pipe exterior for the purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in underground service where the pipe will be exposed to high temperatures and is under cathodic protection. This test method is intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken from commercial production and is applicable to such samples when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical barrier.  
1.2 This test method is intended for testing coatings submerged or immersed in the test solution at elevated temperature. When it is impractical to submerge or immerse the test specimen, Test Method G95 may be considered where the test cell is cemented to the surface of the coated pipe specimen. If room temperatures are required, see Test Methods G8. If a specific test method is required with no options, see Test Method G80.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units to three significant decimals are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts for piping applications. If the primary melting is required it shall incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting, such as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of the ingot remelted from a single primary heat. Material requiring heat treatment shall be treated as specified in the individual product specification using the following procedures such as full annealing, solution annealing, isothermal annealing, normalizing, tempering and post-weld heat treatment, stress relieving. Heat analysis shall be used to determine the percentages of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, copper, cobalt, nitrogen, aluminum, vanadium, cerium to meet the required chemical composition. The product analysis shall be used to determine if the chemical composition shall conform to the limits of the product specified. Mechanical tests shall be performed to determine the mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile properties, and impact properties.
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1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts for piping applications under any of the following individual product specifications:    
Title of Specification  
ASTM Designation  
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components  
A105/A105M  
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpose Piping  
A181/A181M  
Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged  
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Toughness Testing for Piping Components  
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Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts  
for Low-Temperature Service  
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Transmission Service  
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This test method contains procedures using low-pressure air for testing the integrity of installed vitrified clay pipe lines such as gravity-flow sewer pipes. The procedures detailed here should be performed on lines after adequately and properly plugging and bracing connection laterals, if any, and after the trenches are backfilled for a sufficient time. This test method can also be used as a preliminary test to demonstrate the condition of the line prior to backfill and further construction activities.
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1.1 This test method defines procedures for testing vitrified clay pipe lines, using low-pressure air, to demonstrate the integrity of the installed line. Refer to Practice C12.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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