ASTM E2191/E2191M-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Examination of Gas-Filled Filament-Wound Composite Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
Standard Practice for Examination of Gas-Filled Filament-Wound Composite Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Due to safety considerations, the Compressed Gas Association (CGA) and others have produced guidelines which address in-service inspection of NGV fuel containers (see 2.2 – 2.4). AE examination is listed as an alternative to the minimum three-year visual examination which generally requires that the container be removed from the vehicle to expose the entire container surface. The AE method allows “in-situ” examination of the container.
5.1.1 Slow-fill pressurization must proceed at flow rates that do not produce background noise from flow of the pressurizing medium. Acoustic emission data are recorded throughout a pressurization range (that is, 50 % to 100 % of AE examination pressure).
5.1.2 Fast-fill pressurization can be used if hold periods are provided. Acoustic emission data are recorded only during the hold periods.
Note 1: Fast-fill pressurization is less appropriate for carbon (or graphite) composites due to the lower sensitivity of carbon fibers to stress rupture compared to other fibers.
5.1.3 Background noise above the threshold will contaminate the AE data and render them useless. Users must be aware of the following common causes of background noise: high fill rate (measurable flow noise); mechanical contact with the vessel by objects; electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) from nearby broadcasting facilities and from other sources; leaks at pipe or hose connections and airborne particles, insects, rain and snow. This practice should not be used if background noise cannot be eliminated or controlled.
5.2 Sensitivity is influenced by factors that affect elastic wave propagation, sensor coupling and signal processor settings.
5.3 It is possible to measure AE from AE sources that cannot be verified by other NDE methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examination of filament-wound composite pressure vessels, for example, the type used for fuel tanks in vehicles which use natural gas fuel.
1.2 This practice requires pressurization to a level equal to or greater than what is encountered in normal use. The tanks' pressurization history must be known in order to use this practice. Pressurization medium may be gas or liquid.
1.3 This practice is limited to vessels designed for less than 275 bar [4,000 psi] maximum allowable working pressure and water volume less than 1 m3 or 1000 L [35.4 ft3].
1.4 AE measurements are used to detect emission sources. Other nondestructive examination (NDE) methods may be used to gain additional insight into the emission source. Procedures for other NDE methods are beyond the scope of this practice.
1.5 This practice applies to examination of new and in-service, Type II, filament-wound composite pressure vessels.
1.6 This practice applies to examinations conducted at ambient temperatures above 20°C [70°F]. This practice may be used at ambient temperatures below 20°C [70°F] if provision has been made to fill to the tank's rated pressure at 20°C [70°F]. Also that the test temperature must not exceed the glass transition temperature of the matrix material.
1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2191/E2191M − 16
Standard Practice for
Examination of Gas-Filled Filament-Wound Composite
1
Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2191/E2191M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
(AE) examination of filament-wound composite pressure
tionary statements are given in Section 8.
vessels, for example, the type used for fuel tanks in vehicles
which use natural gas fuel.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This practice requires pressurization to a level equal to 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or greater than what is encountered in normal use. The tanks’
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
pressurization history must be known in order to use this
Testing
practice. Pressurization medium may be gas or liquid.
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
1.3 This practice is limited to vessels designed for less than Sensors
275 bar [4,000 psi] maximum allowable working pressure and E976 GuideforDeterminingtheReproducibilityofAcoustic
3 3
water volume less than 1 m or 1000 L [35.4 ft ]. Emission Sensor Response
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.4 AE measurements are used to detect emission sources.
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance
Other nondestructive examination (NDE) methods may be
Verification
used to gain additional insight into the emission source.
3
2.2 Natural Gas Vehicle Standard:
Procedures for other NDE methods are beyond the scope of
American National Standard for Basic Requirements for
this practice.
Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Fuel Contain-
1.5 This practice applies to examination of new and in-
ers ANSI/AGA/NGV2
4
service, Type II, filament-wound composite pressure vessels.
2.3 Compressed Gas Association Standard:
1.6 This practice applies to examinations conducted at Pamphlet C-6.4, Methods for Visual Inspection of AGA
ambienttemperaturesabove20°C[70°F].Thispracticemaybe
NGV2 Containers
5
used at ambient temperatures below 20°C [70°F] if provision 2.4 U.S. Department of Transportation Reference:
has been made to fill to the tank’s rated pressure at 20°C
NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 304,
[70°F].Alsothatthetesttemperaturemustnotexceedtheglass March 27, 1995
6
transition temperature of the matrix material.
2.5 ASNT Standards:
ANSI/ASNT CP-189, Standard for Qualification and Certi-
1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
SNT-TC-1A, Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
2
conformance with the standard.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the ASTM website.
3
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5th
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http://www.cganet.com.
5
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Acoustic Emission Method. Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally www.dodssp.daps.mil.
6
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2191 - 10. DOI: AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
10.1520/E2191_E2191M-16. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2191/E2191M − 10 E2191/E2191M − 16
Standard Practice for
Examination of Gas-Filled Filament-Wound Composite
1
Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2191/E2191M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examination of filament-wound composite pressure vessels, for
example, the type used for fuel tanks in vehicles which use natural gas fuel.
1.2 This practice requires pressurization to a level equal to or greater than what is encountered in normal use. The tanks’
pressurization history must be known in order to use this practice. Pressurization medium may be gas or liquid.
1.3 This practice is limited to vessels designed for less than 690275 bar [10,000[4,000 psi] maximum allowable working
3 3
pressure and water volume less than 1 m or 1000 L [35.4 ft ].
1.4 AE measurements are used to detect emission sources. Other nondestructive examination (NDE) methods may be used to
gain additional insight into the emission source. Procedures for other NDE methods are beyond the scope of this practice.
1.5 This practice applies to examination of new and in-service in-service, Type II, filament-wound composite pressure vessels.
1.6 This practice applies to examinations conducted at ambient temperatures above 20°C [70°F]. This practice may be used at
ambient temperatures below 20°C [70°F] if provision has been made to fill to the tank’s rated pressure at 20°C [70°F]. Also that
the test temperature must not exceed the glass transition temperature of the matrix material.
1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification
3
2.2 Natural Gas Vehicle Standard:
American National Standard for Basic Requirements for Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Fuel Containers ANSI/AGA/
NGV2
4
2.3 Compressed Gas Association Standard:
Pamphlet C-6.4, Methods for Visual Inspection of AGA NGV2 Containers
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Acoustic Emission
Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010Feb. 1, 2016. Published July 2010February 2016. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20082010 as
E2191 - 08.E2191 - 10. DOI: 10.1520/E2191_E2191M-10.10.1520/E2191_E2191M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5th Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http://www.cganet.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2191/E2191M − 16
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2.4 U.S. Department of Transportation Reference:
NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 304, March 27, 1995
6
2.5 ASNT Standards:
ANSI/ASNT CP-189, Standard for Qualificati
...
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