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ASTM D1386-98(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Acid Number (Empirical) of Synthetic and Natural Waxes

Standard Test Method for Acid Number (Empirical) of Synthetic and Natural Waxes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the property of acid functionality. Acid functionality determines the utility of the wax as well as being a significant Quality Control test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acid number of synthetic waxes and natural waxes. The number is obtained by direct titration of the material and indicates the amount of free acid present.
1.2 This test method, using an ethanol-xylene mixture, is applicable to all natural waxes, including carnauba. The test method is also applicable to oxidized microcrystalline waxes, oxidized Fischer-Tropsch, oxidized polyethylene, and montan esters.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2004
ICS
75.140 - Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products
Technical Committee
D21 - Polishes
Drafting Committee
D21.02 - Raw Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1386-98 - Standard Test Method for Acid Number (Empirical) of Synthetic and Natural Waxes
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D1386-10 - Standard Test Method for Acid Number (Empirical) of Synthetic and Natural Waxes
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7389-07(2019) - Standard Test Method for Acid Number (Empirical) of Maleic Anhydride (MAH) Grafted Waxes
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004

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ASTM D1386-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Acid Number (Empirical) of Synthetic and Natural WaxesASTM D1386-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Acid Number (Empirical) of Synthetic and Natural Waxes
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ASTM D1386-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Acid Number (Empirical) of Synthetic and Natural Waxes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D1386–98(Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Acid Number (Empirical) of Synthetic and Natural Waxes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1386; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 5. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acid 5.1 Analytical Balance.
number of synthetic waxes and natural waxes. The number is 5.2 Buret, 50-mL, with 0.1-mL graduations.
obtained by direct titration of the material and indicates the 5.3 Flasks, acid value, 250-mL.
amount of free acid present.
6. Reagents and Materials
1.2 This test method, using an ethanol-xylene mixture, is
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent-grade chemicals or
applicable to all natural waxes, including carnauba. The test
method is also applicable to oxidized microcrystalline waxes, equivalent, as specified in Practice E200, shall be used in all
tests.
oxidized Fischer-Tropsch, oxidized polyethylene, and montan
esters. 6.2 Ethanolic Potassium Hydroxide, Standard Solution (0.1
N)—Dissolve 6.6 g of potassium hydroxide in 5.6 g of distilled
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the water. Dilute with USSD3Adenatured ethanol or 95 % ethanol
to 1000 mL. Standardize with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 6.3 Phenolphthalein Indicator Solution (10 g/litre)—
Dissolve1gof phenolphthalein in 100 mL of USSD3A,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
denatured ethanol or 95 % ethanol.
2. Referenced Document
6.4 Xylene.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7. Procedure
E200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage
of Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis 7.1 Transfer 1 to2gofthe sample, weighed to the nearest
0.001 g, to a 250-mL acid-value flask. Add 40 mL of xylene.
3. Terminology
Heat on a hot plate or water bath to put the sample into
3.1 Definition: solution. Occasional swirling may be necessary.
3.1.1 acid number or acid value—the number of milligrams 7.2 Add 3 to 5 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution
of potassium hydroxide necessary to neutralize1gofthe and titrate the hot solution to the first persistent pink color.The
sample. end point is taken when the pink color remains for at least 10
s.Swirltheflaskvigorouslyduringthetitration.Ifprecipitation
4. Significance and Use
of waxes occurs during titration, reheat the sample. The
4.1 This test method is used to determine the property of titrati
...

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4.1 This test method is used to determine the property of acid functionality. Acid functionality determines the utility of the wax as well as being a significant Quality Control test.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the saponification number of synthetic waxes and natural waxes.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine the free acid content of MAH-grafted waxes. The potential hydrolysis of the anhydride functionality of this wax in storage makes them unsuitable for determining free acid content by Test Method D1386. Free acid content is a significant quality control test, and is a determinant of the utility of the wax.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for measuring the toughness and tenacity of asphalt materials. Typically, the test method has been used to characterize elastomer-modified asphalts, although values for toughness and tenacity may be obtained for any type of polymer-modified or non-modified asphalt.  
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5.1 Petroleum waxes differ in hardness. Needle penetration is a measurement of hardness. Hardness may have a significant effect upon other physical properties.
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5.1 This test method is useful for evaluating and characterizing tars and pitches and as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of toluene-insoluble matter (TI) in tar and pitch.  
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5.1 The solvent extractables in a wax may have significant effects on several of its properties such as strength, hardness, flexibility, scuff resistance, coefficient of friction, coefficient of expansion, melting point, and staining characteristics. Whether these effects are desirable or undesirable depends on the intended use of the wax.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of solvent extractables in petroleum waxes.  
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