ASTM E3081-21
(Practice)Standard Practice for Outlier Screening Using Process Compensated Resonance Testing via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts
Standard Practice for Outlier Screening Using Process Compensated Resonance Testing via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 PCRT Applications and Capabilities—PCRT has been applied successfully to a wide range of outlier screening applications in the manufacture and maintenance of metallic and non-metallic parts. Examples of anomalies detected are discussed in 1.1. PCRT has been shown to provide cost effective and accurate outlier screening solutions in many industries including automotive, aerospace, and power generation. Examples of successful applications currently employed in commercial use include, but are not limited to:
(1) Silicon nitride bearing elements,
(2) Steel, iron, and aluminum rocker and control arms,
(3) Aircraft and industrial gas turbine engine components (blades, vanes, disks),
(4) Cast cylinder heads and cylinder blocks,
(5) Sintered powder metal gears and clutch plates,
(6) Machined forged steel steering and transmission components (gears, shafts, racks),
(7) Ceramic oxygen sensors,
(8) Silicon wafers,
(9) Gears, including those with induction hardened or carburized teeth,
(10) Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) material samples and components,
(11) Components with shot peened surfaces,
(12) Machined or rolled-formed steel fasteners, or both,
(13) Components made with additive manufacturing,
(14) Aircraft landing gear, wheel and brake components, and
(15) Components made with metal injection molding.
5.2 General Approach and Equipment Requirements for PCRT via Swept Sine Input:
5.2.1 PCRT systems are comprised of hardware and software capable of inducing swept sine vibrations, recording the component response to the induced vibrations, and executing analysis of the data collected. Inputting a swept sine wave into the part has proven to be an effective means of introducing mechanical vibration and can be achieved with a high quality signal generator coupled with an appropriate active transducer in physical contact with the part. Collection of the part’s frequency response can be achieved by recording the signal generated by an a...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a general procedure for using the process compensated resonance testing (PCRT) via swept sine input method to perform outlier screening on populations of newly manufactured and in-service parts. PCRT excites the resonance frequencies of metallic and non-metallic test components using a swept sine wave input over a set frequency range. PCRT detects and analyzes component resonance frequency patterns and uses the differences in resonance patterns between acceptable and unacceptable components to perform non-destructive testing. PCRT frequency analysis compares the resonance pattern of a component to the patterns of known reference populations of the same component and renders a pass or fail result based on the similarity of the tested component to those populations. For non-destructive testing applications with known defects or material states of interest, or both, Practice E2534 covers the development and application of PCRT sorting modules that compare test components to known acceptable and unacceptable component populations. However, some applications do not have physical examples of components with known defects or material states. Other applications experience isolated component failures with unknown causes or causes that propagate from defects that are beyond the sensitivity of the current required inspections, or both. In these cases, PCRT is applied in an outlier screening mode that develops a sorting module using only a population of presumed acceptable production components, and then compares test components for similarity to that presumed acceptable population. The resonance differences can be used to distinguish acceptable components with normal process variation from outlier components that may have material states or defects, or both, that will cause performance deficiencies. These material states and defects include, but are not limited to, cracks, voids, porosity, shrink, inclus...
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3081 − 21
Standard Practice for
Outlier Screening Using Process Compensated Resonance
Testing via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic
1
Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3081; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* and crystalline structure differences, density-related anomalies,
heat treatment variations, material elastic property differences,
1.1 Thispracticedescribesageneralprocedureforusingthe
residual stress, and dimensional variations. This practice is
process compensated resonance testing (PCRT) via swept sine
intended for use with instruments capable of exciting,
input method to perform outlier screening on populations of
measuring, recording, and analyzing multiple, whole body,
newly manufactured and in-service parts. PCRT excites the
mechanical vibration resonance frequencies in acoustic or
resonance frequencies of metallic and non-metallic test com-
ultrasonic frequency ranges, or both.
ponents using a swept sine wave input over a set frequency
range. PCRT detects and analyzes component resonance fre- 1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
quency patterns and uses the differences in resonance patterns
between acceptable and unacceptable components to perform mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
non-destructivetesting.PCRTfrequencyanalysiscomparesthe
resonance pattern of a component to the patterns of known
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
reference populations of the same component and renders a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pass or fail result based on the similarity of the tested
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
component to those populations. For non-destructive testing
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
applications with known defects or material states of interest,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or both, Practice E2534 covers the development and applica-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
tion of PCRTsorting modules that compare test components to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
known acceptable and unacceptable component populations.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
However, some applications do not have physical examples of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
components with known defects or material states. Other
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
applications experience isolated component failures with un-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
known causes or causes that propagate from defects that are
2. Referenced Documents
beyond the sensitivity of the current required inspections, or
2
both. In these cases, PCRT is applied in an outlier screening 2.1 ASTM Standards:
modethatdevelopsasortingmoduleusingonlyapopulationof E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
presumed acceptable production components, and then com- E2001 Guide for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for
pares test components for similarity to that presumed accept- Defect Detection in Both Metallic and Non-metallic Parts
able population. The resonance differences can be used to E2534 Practice for Targeted Defect Detection Using Process
Compensated ResonanceTestingVia Swept Sine Input for
distinguish acceptable components with normal process varia-
tion from outlier components that may have material states or Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts
E3213 Practice for Part-to-Itself Examination Using Process
defects, or both, that will cause performance deficiencies.
Thesematerialstatesanddefectsinclude,butarenotlimitedto, Compensated ResonanceTestingVia Swept Sine Input for
Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts
cracks,voids,porosity,shrink,inclusions,discontinuities,grain
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on
2
Ultrasonic Method. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2021.PublishedJuly2021.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 2016.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3081 − 16 E3081 − 21
Standard Practice for
Outlier Screening Using Process Compensated Resonance
Testing via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic
1
Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3081; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice describes a general procedure for using the process compensated resonance testing (PCRT) via swept sine input
method to perform outlier screening on populations of newly manufactured and in-service parts. PCRT excites the resonance
frequencies of metallic and non-metallic test components using a swept sine wave input over a set frequency range. PCRT detects
and analyzes component resonance frequency patterns,patterns and uses the differences in resonance patterns between acceptable
and unacceptable components to perform non-destructive testing. PCRT frequency analysis compares the resonance pattern of a
component to the patterns of known acceptable and unacceptable reference populations of the same component,component and
renders a pass or fail result based on the similarity of the tested component to those populations. For non-destructive testing
applications with known defects or material states of interest, or both, Practice E2534 covers the development and application of
PCRT sorting modules that compare test components to known acceptable and unacceptable component populations. However,
some applications do not have physical examples of components with known defects or material states. Other applications
experience isolated component failures with unknown causes or causes that propagate from defects that are beyond the sensitivity
of the current required inspections, or both. In these cases, PCRT is applied in an outlier screening mode that develops a sorting
module using only a population of presumed acceptable production components, and then compares test components for similarity
to that presumed acceptable population. The resonance differences can be used to distinguish acceptable components with normal
process variation from outlier components that may have material states or defects, or both, that will cause performance
deficiencies. These material states and defects include, but are not limited to, cracks, voids, porosity, shrink, inclusions,
discontinuities, grain and crystalline structure differences, density-related anomalies, heat treatment variations, material elastic
property differences, residual stress, and dimensional variations. This practice is intended for use with instruments capable of
exciting, measuring, recording, and analyzing multiple, whole body, mechanical vibration resonance frequencies in acoustic or
ultrasonic frequency ranges, or both.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on
Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016June 1, 2021. Published December 2016July 2021. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
E3081 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E3081–16.10.1520/E3081-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3081 − 21
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.