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ASTM D6189-97

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Evaluating the Efficiency of Chemical Removers for Organic Coatings

Standard Practice for Evaluating the Efficiency of Chemical Removers for Organic Coatings

SCOPE
1.1 The practice evaluates the effectiveness of coatings removers used on clear or pigmented coatings as applied to wood and metal.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-1997
ICS
25.220.99 - Other treatments and coatings
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.42 - Architectural Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6189-97(2003) - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Efficiency of Chemical Removers for Organic Coatings
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003

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ASTM D6189-97 - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Efficiency of Chemical Removers for Organic CoatingsASTM D6189-97 - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Efficiency of Chemical Removers for Organic Coatings
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ASTM D6189-97 - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Efficiency of Chemical Removers for Organic Coatings
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact
ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 6189 – 97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Evaluating the Efficiency of Chemical Removers for Organic
1
Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6189; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 The practice evaluates the effectiveness of coatings 5.1 Old coatings, such as paint or related coatings, may have
removers used on clear or pigmented coatings as applied to to be removed from a surface before successful recoating can
wood and metal. occur. This practice can be used to test the coatings removal
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded efficiency of products designed for such use.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
6. Apparatus
information only.
6.1 Forced Draft Oven, Type IB, in accordance with Speci-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
fication E 145.
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and 6.2 Paint Brush, containing nylon/polyester bristles.
6.3 Plastic Paint Scraper.
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. 6.4 Very Fine Garnet Abrasive-Type Sandpaper, 240 to 220
grade.
2. Referenced Documents
6.5 Stopwatch.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7. Testing Materials
D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and 7.1 Finishes—It is recommended to test coatings removers
2
on a variety of finishes such as latex enamel, alkyd enamel,
Related Coating Products
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness polyurethane, varnish, shellac and nitrocellulose lacquer, or as
2
agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi- 7.2 Wood test panels of solid wood or wood laminate such
as birch plywood, fir, pine, oak or walnut. Smooth sawn panels
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquers, and Related
2
Materials of dimensions not less than 12 by 12 in. (300 by 300 mm) and
5/16-in. (8-mm) thick.
E 145 Specification for Gravity Convection and Forced
3
Ventilation Ovens 7.3 Steel test panels with dimensions of 6 by 12 in. (150 by
300 mm) and 0.032-in. (0.8–mm) thick.
3. Terminology
8. Panel Preparation
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 coatings remover—a product formulated for the re- 8.1 Wood Panel Preparation—Store the wood panels for a
least 6 days under standard conditions as specified in Specifi-
moval of paint, varnish, lacquer, shellac, or polyurethane top
coats, or related coatings, or both. cation D 3924.
8.2 Sand the panels lightly with sandpaper as defined in 6.4
4. Summary of Practice
and wipe them clean of debris.
4.1 Test panels are coated and forced dry. The coatings 8.3 Coat one side of a panel with a test coating by any
remover is applied with a brush and the loosened coating is method specified in Practices D 823 to ensure uniform film
lifted with a plastic scraper after a specified time. Coatings thickness, using the manufactuers’ recommended coverage
removal efficiency is determined and recorded using the rating rate. Allow the coating to dry overnight under standard
scheme of 5 to 0. conditions as specified in Specification D 3924.
8.4 Apply a second coat of the same type of coating of a
different color (if pigmented) using the same method. Force
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and
dry at 120°F (50°C) overnight. Allow the panel to cool to
Related Coatings, and Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
ambient temperature.
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1997 . Published April 1998.
8.5 Apply and dry a third coat of the same type of coating
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 6.01.
as in 8.4.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 14.02.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superceded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or¬discontinued.¬
Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
D 6189
NOTE 1—Apply clear finishes in two coats following the manufactur-
9.5 Rate the effect of the coatings removal on the condition
ers’ recommended application instructions under the same drying condi-
of the subst
...

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5.1 Old coatings, such as paint or related coatings, may have to be removed from a surface before successful recoating can occur. This practice can be used to test the coatings removal efficiency of products designed for such use.
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4.1 Assessment of the condition of aged coated surfaces strengthens decisions on when coating maintenance is required, aids in the selection of effective coating maintenance procedures, and provides a means to characterize performance of coating systems. SSPC Technology Update No. 3 discusses the risks associated with selecting overcoating as a maintenance strategy, particularly without performing visual assessments and evaluating the physical properties of the existing coating system(s) described in Section 5.
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3.1 Specimens for analysis must be adequately sampled, packaged, and documented to obtain meaningful information from the laboratory. The sampling procedure and packaging will be dependent upon the reason for taking the sample.
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5.1 In performing maintenance of a coating system, the new coating being applied must be compatible with the existing coating. While general guides exist which indicate compatibility of different generic types of coatings, differences in manufacturer’s formulation and the condition of the in-place coating system may affect compatibility.
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4.1 This test method measures the amount of formaldehyde that is released from a coating under laboratory conditions. The amount of formaldehyde available for release from a coating may vary depending on composition, and may decrease as the sample ages.  
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4.1 Protective coatings are used on metallic and concrete storage and processing vessels, shipping containers, dams and rail cars to protect the substrate from corrosive attack and to protect stored materials (cargo) from contamination. This method provides a means to assess the ability of a protective coating to resist degradation by chemicals and to protect the liquid cargo from contamination by either the substrate or coating, based on visual observations. Other measures of degradation, such as changes in weight or dimensions of the coating material, or chemical changes to the cargo, may be used to assess this protective ability as mutually agreed upon between contracting parties. Simple chemical-resistance evaluations of the lining materials may be performed more conveniently by other pertinent methods as a prescreening test for this procedure in accordance with Test Methods C267 and D471.  
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1.1 This practice establishes procedures for the evaluation of the resistance of industrial protective coatings to immersion in chemicals.  
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ASTM D7767-11(2018)(Test Method)
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5.1 This test method is an extension of Test Method D5403. While Test Method D5403 specifies that a test specimen be cured by exposure to UV or EB as prescribed by the supplier of the material, most radiation curable monomers and oligomers provided as raw materials to formulators are not designed to be used alone but rather as blends of monomers and oligomers so that there are no “supplier prescribed” exposure conditions. Test Method D5403 is not appropriate for the measurement of volatiles from thin radiation-curable coatings because supplier prescribed cure conditions include both a thickness and an exposure specification which are difficult or impossible to achieve in a test lab. Furthermore, inks form a special class of thin radiation curable coatings because they are formulated with known interferences (for example, pigments). As a result, Test Method D5403 does not provide a method for measuring volatiles from monomers and oligomers used as raw materials in the formulation of radiation curable coatings nor does it provide a method for measuring volatiles from thin radiation curable coatings such as inks.  
5.2 This test method provides a means to measure the volatile content of individual acrylate monomers, oligomers, and blends commonly used to formulate radiation curable coatings such as printing inks. Such coatings comprise liquid or solid reactants that cure by polymerizing, crosslinking, or a combination of both and are designed to be applied as thin coatings in the absence of water or solvent and to be cured by exposing to ultraviolet radiation. There is currently no direct method for measuring the volatiles from the individual materials used or thin coatings made from them.  
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1.1 This test method describes a means to determine the percentage of processing, potential, and total volatiles from radiation curable acrylate monomers, oligomers, and blends. The results can be used to estimate the volatiles from thin radiation curable coatings that cannot otherwise be measured with the restriction that those coatings are not subjected to a pre-exposure water or solvent drying step. It also provides a means to determine the volatiles of thin radiation curable coatings in the absence of known interferences such as pigments in inks.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Xenon Arc Exposure Test with Enhanced Light and Water Exposure for Transportation Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test procedure is used to simulate the physical and environmental stresses that a coating for exterior transportation applications (for example, automotive) is exposed to in a subtropical climate, such as southern Florida. It has been found that such a subtropical climate causes particularly severe deterioration of such coatings. The long water exposures and wet/dry cycling found in southern Florida are particularly important for this deterioration, in addition to the high dosage of solar radiation (3). This practice was developed to address the deficiencies of historical tests used for transportation coatings, especially automotive coatings (4).
Note 1: This test procedure was developed through eight years of cooperative testing between automotive and aerospace OEM’s, material suppliers, and test equipment manufacturers. See References for published papers on this research.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies the operating procedures for a controlled irradiance xenon arc light and water apparatus. The procedure uses one or more lamp(s) and optical filter(s) to produce irradiance similar to sunlight in the UV and visible range. It also simulates the water absorption and stress cycles experienced by automotive exterior coatings under natural weathering conditions. This practice has also been found applicable to coatings on other transportation vehicles, such as aircraft, trucks and rail cars.  
1.2 This practice uses a xenon arc light source with specified optical filter(s). The spectral power distribution (SPD) for the lamp and special daylight filter(s) is as specified in Annex A1. The irradiance level used in this practice varies between 0.40 and 0.80 W/(m2·nm) at 340 nm. Water is sprayed on the specimens during portions of several dark steps. The application of water is such that the coatings will absorb and desorb substantial amounts of water during testing. In addition, the cycling between wet/dry and warm/cool will induce mechanical stresses into the materials. These test conditions are designed to simulate the physical and chemical stresses from environments in a subtropical climate, such as southern Florida.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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