ASTM D4548-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Anion-Cation Balance of Mixed Bed Ion-Exchange Resins
Standard Test Method for Anion-Cation Balance of Mixed Bed Ion-Exchange Resins
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is applicable to the analysis of new materials that are sold as mixtures and to samples taken from regenerable units containing mixtures of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging materials. It is used to determine the ratio of the components without separating them from each other.
This test method is intended for mixtures of ion-exchange materials that have salt-splitting capacity as measured by Test Method E of Test Methods D 2187 for cation-exchange resins, and Test Method H for anion-exchange resins. In the case of cation-exchange resins, these are styrene-based polymers with sulfonic acid functional groups. The anion-exchanging materials in this class are styrene-based materials with quaternary ammonium functional groups. The test method will determine the amount of anion-exchange material of any functionality present in the mixture. However, when anionic groups that are not salt-splitting are present, the values for cationic groups will be high due to the acidic character of the anion effluent. Cationic groups that do not split salts are not measured.
Samples are analyzed in this test method as received. It is not necessary that the cation-exchanging resin be in the hydrogen form and the anion-exchanging resin be in the hydroxide form for this test method.
This test method may be used to determine if new materials are balanced to meet their specification values. In operating regenerable units, it may be used to determine if the components are separating properly or remixing properly. It may also be used to check for improper balance in bedding or for loss of a component during operation.
This test method begins with the conversion to the hydrogen and chloride forms. However, it may be combined with the determination of the residual chloride and sulfate sites by elution with sodium nitrate as described in Test Methods J and L in Test Methods D 2187. In such cases the hydrogen ion as well as the chloride ion is determined in the second s...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the ratio between the equivalents of anion-exchange capacity and the equivalents of cation-exchange capacity present in a physical mixture of salt-splitting anion-exchange material and salt-splitting cation-exchange material.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4548 − 11
Standard Test Method for
1
Anion-Cation Balance of Mixed Bed Ion-Exchange Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 anion-exchange material, n—an ion-exchange mate-
1.1 This test method determines the ratio between the
rial capable of the reversible exchange of negatively charged
equivalents of anion-exchange capacity and the equivalents of
ions.
cation-exchange capacity present in a physical mixture of
3.2.2 cation-exchange material, n—an ion-exchange mate-
salt-splitting anion-exchange material and salt-splitting cation-
rial capable of the reversible exchange of positively charged
exchange material.
ions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.3 ion-exchange material, n—an insoluble material that
standard.
has the ability to exchange reversibly certain ions in its
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
structure or attached to its surface as functional groups with
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ions in a surrounding medium.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.4 ion-exchange resin, n—a synthetic organic ion-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
exchange material.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.5 mixed bed, n—a physical mixture of anion-exchange
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
material and cation-exchange material.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.6 salt-splitting, adj—the ability of anion-exchange or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
cation-exchange materials to exchange hydroxide or hydrogen
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ions respectively for the ions in neutral salts.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.1 This test method consists of simultaneous conversion of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the cation-exchange component to the hydrogen form and the
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
anion-exchange component to the chloride form with hydro-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
chloric acid. After rinsing to remove the excess acid, the
D2187 Test Methods and Practices for Evaluating Physical
hydrogen ion from the cation resin and the chloride ion from
and Chemical Properties of Particulate Ion-Exchange
the anion resin are simultaneously eluted with neutral sodium
Resins
nitrate, and the amount eluted is determined by titration of the
3. Terminology effluent for both ions.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
5. Significance and Use
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
5.1 This test method is applicable to the analysis of new
materials that are sold as mixtures and to samples taken from
regenerableunitscontainingmixturesofanion-exchangingand
cation-exchangingmaterials.Itisusedtodeterminetheratioof
the components without separating them from each other.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
5.2 This test method is intended for mixtures of ion-
Exchange Materials.
exchange materials that have salt-splitting capacity as mea-
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally pub-
sured by Test Method E of Test Methods D2187 for cation-
lished 1986. Last previous edition D4548 – 86. which was withdrawn 2007 and
reinstated in May 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D4548-11.
exchangeresins,andTestMethodHforanion-exchangeresins.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
In the case of cation-exchange resins, these are styrene-based
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
polymers with sulfonic acid functional groups. The anion-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. exchanging materials in this class are styrene-based materials
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4548 − 11
3
withquaternaryammoniumfunctionalgroups.Thetestmethod tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society.
will determine the amount of anion-exchange material of any Other grades may be used, provided it i
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4548–91(Reapproved2002) Designation: D4548 – 11
Standard Test Method for
1
Anion-Cation Balance of Mixed Bed Ion-Exchange Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the ratio between the equivalents of anion-exchange capacity and the equivalents of
cation-exchange capacity present in a physical mixture of salt-splitting anion-exchange material and salt-splitting cation-exchange
material.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
2
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3
D 2187 Test Methods for Physical and Chemical Properties of Particulate Ion-Exchange Resins
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 1129D 1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 anion-exchange material,, n—an ion-exchange material capable of the reversible exchange of negatively charged ions.
3.2.2 cation-exchange material,, n—an ion-exchange material capable of the reversible exchange of positively charged ions.
3.2.3 ion-exchange material,, n—an insoluble material that has the ability to exchange reversibly certain ions in its structure
or attached to its surface as functional groups with ions in a surrounding medium.
3.2.4 ion-exchange resin,, n—a synthetic organic ion-exchange material.
3.2.5 mixed bed,, n—a physical mixture of anion-exchange material and cation-exchange material.
3.2.6 salt-splitting,, adj—the ability of anion-exchange or cation-exchange materials to exchange hydroxide or hydrogen ions
respectively for the ions in neutral salts.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of simultaneous conversion of the cation-exchange component to the hydrogen form and the
anion-exchange component to the chloride form with hydrochloric acid.After rinsing to remove the excess acid, the hydrogen ion
from the cation resin and the chloride ion from the anion resin are simultaneously eluted with neutral sodium nitrate, and the
amount eluted is determined by titration of the effluent for both ions.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is applicable to the analysis of new materials that are sold as mixtures and to samples taken from
regenerable units containing mixtures of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging materials. It is used to determine the ratio of the
components without separating them from each other.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion Exchange
Materials.
Current edition approved June 15, 1991. Published February 1992. Originally published as D4548–86. Last previous edition D4548–86. DOI: 10.1520/D4548-91R02.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally published 1986. Last previous edition D 4548 – 86. which was withdrawn 2007 and reinstated in
May 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D4548–11
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website., Vol 11.01.
3
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National
Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4548 – 11
5.2 This test method is intended for mixtures of ion-exchan
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.