ASTM D4953-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vapor pressure is an important physical property of liquid spark-ignition engine fuels. It provides an indication of how a fuel will perform under different operating conditions. For example, vapor pressure is a factor in determining whether a fuel will cause vapor lock at high ambient temperature or at high altitude, or will provide easy starting at low ambient temperature.
5.2 Petroleum product specifications generally include vapor pressure limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance.
Note 3: Vapor pressure of fuels is regulated by various government agencies.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is applicable to gasolines and gasoline-oxygenate blends with a vapor pressure range from 35 kPa to 100 kPa (5 psi to 15 psi) (see Note 2). This test method, a modification of Test Method D323 (Reid Method), provides two procedures to determine the vapor pressure (Note 1) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.
Note 1: Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by the atmospheric pressure initially present in the air chamber, this vapor pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8 °C (100 °F) in kilopascals (pounds-force per square inch). This vapor pressure differs from the true vapor pressure of the sample due to some small vaporization of the sample and air in the confined space.
Note 2: Vapor pressure of gasoline or gasoline-oxygenate blends below 35 kPa (5 psi) or greater than 100 kPa (15 psi) can be determined with this test method but the precision and bias (Section 11) do not apply. For materials with a vapor pressure greater than 100 kPa (15 psi), use a 0 kPa to 200 kPa (0 psi to 30 psi) gauge as specified in the annex of Test Method D323.
1.2 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 9.4, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 7).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 7.5, 8.4.1, 8.5.1, 9.1, A1.1, and A1.1.3.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4953 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends
1
(Dry Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4953; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method covers and is applicable to gasolines
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and gasoline-oxygenate blends with a vapor pressure range
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
from 35 kPa to 100 kPa (5 psi to 15 psi) (see Note 2). This test
method, a modification of Test Method D323 (Reid Method),
2. Referenced Documents
provides two procedures to determine the vapor pressure (Note
1) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends. 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by
D323 TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
the atmospheric pressure initially present in the air chamber, this vapor
(Reid Method)
pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8 °C (100 °F) in kilopascals
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
(pounds-force per square inch). This vapor pressure differs from the true
Petroleum Products
vaporpressureofthesampleduetosomesmallvaporizationofthesample
and air in the confined space. D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
NOTE 2—Vapor pressure of gasoline or gasoline-oxygenate blends
Fuels, and Lubricants
below 35 kPa (5 psi) or greater than 100 kPa (15 psi) can be determined
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
with this test method but the precision and bias (Section 11) do not apply.
Petroleum Products
For materials with a vapor pressure greater than 100 kPa (15 psi), use a
0 kPa to 200 kPa (0 psi to 30 psi) gauge as specified in the annex of Test
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
Method D323.
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
1.2 Somegasoline-oxygenateblendsmayshowahazewhen D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
3
cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 9.4, it shall be ucts (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)
indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see
ucts and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
Note 7).
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
Volatility Measurement
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
only.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 Bourdon spring gauge, n—pressure measuring device
Specific warnings are given in 7.5, 8.4.1, 8.5.1, 9.1, A1.1, and
that employs a bourdon tube connected to an indicator.
A1.1.3.
3.1.2 Bourdon tube, n—flattened metal tube bent to a curve
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
that straightens under internal pressure.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mittee D02.08 on Volatility. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4953 – 15. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D4953-20. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4953 −
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4953 − 15 D4953 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends
1
(Dry Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4953; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers and is applicable to gasolines and gasoline-oxygenate blends with a vapor pressure range from
35 kPa to 100 kPa (5 psi to 15 psi) (see Note 2). This test method, a modification of Test Method D323 (Reid Method), provides
two procedures to determine the vapor pressure (Note 1) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.
NOTE 1—Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by the atmospheric pressure initially present in the air chamber, this vapor pressure
is an absolute pressure at 37.8 °C (100 °F) in kilopascals (pounds-force per square inch). This vapor pressure differs from the true vapor pressure of the
sample due to some small vaporization of the sample and air in the confined space.
NOTE 2—Vapor pressure of gasoline or gasoline-oxygenate blends below 35 kPa (5 psi) or greater than 100 kPa (15 psi) can be determined with this
test method but the precision and bias (Section 11) do not apply. For materials with a vapor pressure greater than 100 kPa (15 psi), use a 0 kPa to 200 kPa
(0 psi to 30 psi) gauge as specified in the annex of Test Method D323.
1.2 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 9.4, it shall be
indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 7).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 7.5, 8.4.1, 8.5.1, 9.1, A1.1, and A1.1.3.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
3
D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Bourdon spring gauge, n—pressure measuring device that employs a bourdon tube connected to an indicator.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.08
on Volatility.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015May 1, 2020. Published June 2015May 2020. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20122015 as
D4953 – 06 (2012).D4953 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D4953-15.10.1520/D4953-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
...
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