ASTM D2865-95
(Practice)Standard Practice for Calibration of Standards and Equipment for Electrical Insulating Materials Testing
Standard Practice for Calibration of Standards and Equipment for Electrical Insulating Materials Testing
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides for the establishment and maintenance of calibration procedures for measuring and test equipment used for electrical insulating materials. It provides a framework of concepts and practices, with definitions and specifications pertaining to measurement, adequacy of standards, necessary environmental controls, tables of corrections, intervals of calibration, calibration procedures, calibration of standards, and personnel training system documentation.
1.2 This practice is intended for control of the accuracy of the equipment used for measurements that are made in accordance with ASTM standards or other specified requirements.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 2865 – 95 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Calibration of Standards and Equipment for Electrical
Insulating Materials Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2865; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope other ASTM standards such as Practice E 177 and D 2645.
Only those terms bearing on interpretations are described here.
1.1 This practice provides for the establishment and main-
3.1.1 See Terminology D 1711 for terms pertaining to elec-
tenance of calibration procedures for measuring and test
trical insulating materials.
equipment used for electrical insulating materials. It provides a
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
framework of concepts and practices, with definitions and
3.2.1 accuracy ratio, n—see uncertainty ratio.
specifications pertaining to measurement, adequacy of stan-
3.2.2 adequacy of a standard, n—the quality or state of a
dards, necessary environmental controls, tables of corrections,
standard that exhibits and maintains the required accuracy and
intervals of calibration, calibration procedures, calibration of
stability under the conditions of usage.
standards, and personnel training system documentation.
3.2.3 calibration, n—the process of comparing a standard or
1.2 This practice is intended for control of the accuracy of
an instrument with one of greater accuracy (smaller uncer-
the equipment used for measurements that are made in accor-
tainty) for the purpose of obtaining quantitative estimates of
dance with ASTM standards or other specified requirements.
the actual value of the standard being calibrated, the deviation
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of the actual value from the nominal value, or the difference
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
between the value indicated by an instrument and the actual
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
value.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.3.1 Discussion—These differences are usually tabulated
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in a “Table of Corrections” which apply to that particular
2. Referenced Documents standard or instrument.
3.2.4 calibration labeling, n— for measurement equipment
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or standards, a means to indicate the date of latest calibration,
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
by whom it was calibrated, and the due date for the next
Insulating Materials for Testing
calibration.
D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
3.2.5 certification—see traceability to NIST (formerly
D 2645 Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted
NBS).
Systems
3.2.5.1 Discussion—In the past, certification has been used
E 171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-
to convey the meaning of either or both of the above terms.
tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
Since NIST no longer issues certificates of calibrations, the
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
term has come to have a specialized meaning. The following is
ASTM Test Methods
quoted from NBS Special Publication 250, “Calibration and
3. Terminology
Test Services of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology”, 1968 edition:
3.1 Definitions—Many definitions concerning calibration of
standards and equipment are generally understood or defined in
“Results of calibrations and other tests are issued to the customer as
formal reports entitled, “National Institute of Standards and Technology
Report of Calibration”, “National Institute of Standards and Technol-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-9 on Electrical
ogy Report of Test”, or “National Institute of Standards and Technology
and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Report of Analysis”, as appropriate. Copies are not supplied to other
D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
parties. Whenever formal certification is required by law, or to meet
Current edition approved July 15, 1995. Published September 1995. Originally
special conditions adjudged by the National Institute of Standards and
published as D 2865 – 70. Last previous edition D 2865 – 71 (1990).
Technology to warrant it, a letter will be provided certifying that the
MIL-C-45662B, Military Specification Calibration Program Requirements,
particular item was received and calibrated or tested and identifying the
Draft 6, February, 1969.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. report containing the results.”
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
5 3.2.6 degree of usage, n—the summation of all factors
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
bearing upon the stability of accuracy and reproducibility of a
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2865
standard or an instrument. may lead to the acceptance of faulty materials or workmanship,
3.2.6.1 Discussion—Some, but not all, examples of such or the rejection of a satisfactory product.
factors are: frequency of use; hours in service; hours on bench,
5. System Control
in storage, and in transit; roughness in handling; number and
nature of overloads; changes in ambient conditions such as 5.1 To ensure uniformity of understanding and performance,
and continuity of satisfactory operations when personnel
temperature, humidity, vibration, contamination of insulators,
electrical contacts, and mating surfaces; aging processes, changes occur, it is necessary that all proposed or existing
procedures or practices intended to implement the equipment
especially of limited life components such as electron tubes;
and standards calibration system be documented (preferably in
exposure to radiations, etc.
book form). This documentation should provide a complete
3.2.7 environmental control, n—the maintenance of ambi-
detailed plan for controlling the accuracy of every item of
ent conditions within prescribed limits such as to ensure the
measuring and test equipment, and every measurement stan-
validity of the calibrations of measuring and test equipment or
dard utilized. A method, procedure, or standard practice should
standards.
be prescribed as follows:
3.2.7.1 Discussion—The value of a standard and the correc-
5.1.1 A listing of all measurement standards with proper
tions for measuring equipment can be influenced by changes in
nomenclature and identification numbers.
temperature, humidity, pressure, radiation, etc., and it is
5.1.2 A listing of intervals of calibration assigned for
necessary to place reasonable limits on these variables.
measuring and test equipment and for each measurement
3.2.8 interval of calibration, n—the elapsed time permitted
standard, both reference and transfer, and calibration sources
between calibrations as required by the pertinent specifications,
or when not specified, as determined under procedures in this designated for these items.
5.1.3 A listing of environmental conditions in which the
practice.
3.2.9 qualified personnel, n—persons adequately trained in standards, and measuring and test equipment are utilized and
calibrated.
the applicable test procedures, equipment operations, and
calibration procedures. 5.1.4 A listing of calibration procedures for all standards
and equipment.
3.2.10 systematic error, n—the inherent bias (offset) of a
measurement process, or of one of its components. 5.1.5 A listing of calibration reports for all measurement
standards and for equipment whose accuracy requirement is
3.2.11 system control, n—a recommended control of meth-
such that a report is necessary.
ods, procedures, and practices to ensure acceptable uniformity
5.1.6 Documented proof that the calibration system is coor-
and continuity of equipment and personnel operations in a
dinated with the inspection system or Quality Control Program.
measuring system.
5.1.7 Documented proof that provisions have been made by
3.2.12 traceability to NIST, n—a documented chain of
a system of periodic inspections or cross checks in order to
comparisons connecting a working standard (in as few steps as
detect differences, erratic readings, and other performance
is practicable) to a standard maintained by the National
degrading factors which cannot be anticipated or provided for
Institute of Standards and Technology.
by calibration intervals. Also, that provisions have been made
3.2.13 uncertainty, n—an allowance assigned to a measured
for timely and positive corrective action.
value to take into account two major components of error: (1)
5.1.8 A listing of the coding system used for calibration
the systematic error, and (2) the random error attributed to the
labeling with explanations and specimens of labels, decals,
imprecision of the measurement process.
reject tags, and the like.
3.2.14 uncertainty ratio, n—the ratio of the uncertainties of
5.1.9 Specimens of forms used in the laboratory’s record
two standards.
system, such as instrument and gage record cards, data sheets,
4. Significance and Use
test reports, certifications, reject forms and the like, should be
4.1 The accuracy and precision of any measurement can be
available.
established only with reference standards by processes involv-
5.1.10 Detailed results of all calibration and comparisons
ing comparisons and calibrations based upon a commonly
compiled separately for each standard or piece of equipment.
accepted groundwork of standards and definitions. Even in
6. Environmental Control
those instances where the accuracy of a standard cannot be
established, comparisons on a relative basis require that a 6.1 Measuring and test equipment and measurement stan-
reference standard be maintained, and that all comparisons be dards should be calibrated and utilized in an environment
made in terms of deviations from this reference standard. Thus controlled to the extent necessary to ensure continued mea-
standards and calibrations are fundamental to the entire mea- surements of required accuracy, giving due consideration to
surement process. temperature, humidity, vibration, cleanliness, and other con-
4.2 Conformance or non-conformance to specifications or trollable factors affecting precision measurements. The recom-
standards agreed upon between the consumer and supplier can mended environment is:
be established only by measurements and comparisons based 6.1.1 Calibrations of standards and equipment shall be
upon a well defined and commonly accepted groundwork. performed in a standard laboratory atmosphere, as defined in
4.3 The accuracy and precision of measuring equipment Practice D 618
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