ASTM A232/A232M-18
(Specification)Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire
Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the highest quality of round chromium-vanadium alloy steel wires for manufacture of valve springs and other springs with high-fatigue properties under moderately elevated temperatures. The wires shall be annealed, cold-drawn, or oil-tempered. The material shall conform to specified carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, and vanadium contents. Guidelines for mechanical testing are given. Values for tensile requirements are provided. Material decarburization shall be examined. Attention is also given to workmanship, finish, and appearance of the product, and as well as its inspection, rejection, rehearing, and certification. Packaging, marking, and loading for shipment is also described.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round and shaped chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. It is similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for high fatigue levels. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A232/A232M −18
Standard Specification for
1
Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA232/A232M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Alloys, and Ferroalloys
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round
terials
and shaped chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire,
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of
Determine Conformance with Specifications
valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue proper-
E45Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
ties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. It is
Steel
similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended
3
2.2 Federal Standard:
forhighfatiguelevels.Thiswireshallbeeitherintheannealed
Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the
4
2.3 European Standard:
purchaser.
EN 10270-2Steel Wire for Mechanical Springs Part 2:
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Oil-Hardened and Tempered Spring Steel Wire of Unal-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
loyed and Alloyed Steels
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining 3. Terminology
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1 Definitions:
with the standard.
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- to Terminology A941.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 3.2.1 billet, n—an as-cast or forged section, typically avail-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
able for transport, inspection, and conditioning, that is used as
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
raw material for wire rod manufacture.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.2 bloom, n—an as-cast or forged section used as raw
material for billet manufacture.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 equivalent round diameter, n—diameter of a round
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
wire having equivalent cross sectional area to a given shaped
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
wire.
of Steel Products
3.2.4 round wire, n—wire having a circular cross section.
A700Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
3.2.5 shape factor, n—a value used to obtain cross sectional
for Steel Products for Shipment
area for shaped wires when multiplied by measured width and
A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
measured thickness.
cal Analysis of Steel Products
A941TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
3.2.6 shaped wire, n—wire having a non-circular cross
section.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
4. Ordering Information
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.1 Orders for material under this specification should
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
include the following information for each ordered item:
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A232/
ε1
A232M–05(2011) . DOI: 10.1520/A0232_A0232M-18.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from European Committee for Standardization, CEN-CENELEC
the ASTM website. Management Centre Avenue Marnix 17-B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A232/A232M−18
4.1.1 Quantity (mass), takenduringthepouringoftheheat.When
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: A232/A232M − 05 (Reapproved 2011) A232/A232M − 18
Standard Specification for
1
Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A232/A232M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Units were re-ordered editorially throughout in July 2011.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round and shaped chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire, uniform
in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used
at moderately elevated temperatures. It is similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for high fatigue levels. This
wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
3
2.2 ANSI Standard:
B 32.4 Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products
3
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
4
2.3 MilitaryEuropean Standard:
MIL-STD-163EN 10270-2 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Shipment and StorageWire for Mechanical Springs Part 2:
Oil-Hardened and Tempered Spring Steel Wire of Unalloyed and Alloyed Steels
5
2.5 AIAG Standard:
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application Standard
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03
on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved July 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2018. Published July 2011September 2018. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
ε1
A232/A232M – 05.A232/A232M – 05 (2011) . DOI: 10.1520/A0232_A0232M-05R11E01.10.1520/A0232_A0232M-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.
4
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48034.European Committee for Standardization,
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre Avenue Marnix 17-B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A232/A232M − 18
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 billet, n—an as-cast or forged section, t
...
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