ASTM D1561-92(2005)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture Test Specimens by Means of California Kneading Compactor
Standard Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture Test Specimens by Means of California Kneading Compactor
SCOPE
1.1 The practice covers the preparation of test specimens of bituminous paving mixtures by means of a mechanical compactor that imparts a kneading action to the test specimens by a series of individual impressions made with a ram.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard.
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Designation:D1561–92 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Bituminous Mixture Test Specimens by
Means of California Kneading Compactor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1561; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 The practice covers the preparation of test specimens of 4.1 California Kneading Compactor—Mechanical knead-
bituminous paving mixtures by means of a mechanical com- ing compactor, as shown in Fig. 1, for consolidating test
pactor that imparts a kneading action to the test specimens by specimens.
a series of individual impressions made with a ram.
NOTE 1—Kneading compactors, which on calibration develop a trace
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
curve similar to that of the California kneading compactor, shall be
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
considered acceptable under this test method.Alternatively, any kneading
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
compactor capable of fabricating specimens that will show stabilometer
values equivalent to those obtained from the California kneading com-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pactor shall be acceptable for use under this test method. The supplier has
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the responsibility of furnishing those substantiating data for his device.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be
NOTE 2—Curves are considered within calibration when they show the
regarded as the standard.
same peak pressure and dwell time in load time tract obtained in the
calibration procedure.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 3—This compactor shall be considered in calibration when the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
peak momentary load applied to a test specimen is held within 65%of
the intended foot pressure (within the range from 2.4 to 3.4 MPa) (350 to
D 1560 Test Methods for Resistance to Deformation and
500 psi).
Cohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Hveem
NOTE 4—The stabilometer values from replicate specimens fabricated
Apparatus
by this Practice D 1561 and tested in accordance with Test Methods
D 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Speci-
D 1560,shallfallwithinarangeof3unitsforalldense-gradedbituminous
fying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil, Rock and
mixturescontainingaggregatesnotlargerthan12.7mm( ⁄2in.)andwithin
Construction Materials Testing
a range of 4 units for coarser graded bituminous mixtures containing up to
25.4-mm (1-in.) maximum size aggregates.
3. Significance and Use
4.2 CompactorFoot—Aramhavingafaceshapedasshown
3.1 This practice can be used to prepare cylindrical speci- 2
in Fig. 2, and having an area of approximately 20.059 cm (3.1
mens of bituminous mix for subsequent testing. The procedure 2
in. ).
incorporates the use of the California Kneading Compactor in
4.3 Mold Holder, Funnel, and Feeder Trough, as shown in
an attempt to duplicate the kneading action that is provided by
Fig. 3.
the equipment now being used for the compaction of asphalt
4.4 Molds—Molding cylinders, 101.6 6 0.13 mm (4 6
concrete pavement.
0.005 in.) in inside diameter by 127 mm (5 in.) in height. A
minimum of three such compaction molds is recommended.
4.5 Rod—Round-nose steel rod, 9.5 mm ( ⁄8 in.) in diameter
by 406.4 mm (16 in.) long.
4.6 Paper Disks—Heavy paper disks, 101.6 mm (4 in.) in
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and diameter.
1 3
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.20 on
4.7 Shim—Steel shim, 6.4 mm ( ⁄4 in.) thick, 19.1 mm ( ⁄4
Mechanical Tests of Bituminous Mixes.
in.) wide, and 63.5 mm (2 ⁄2 in.) long.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1561 – 92 (2000).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Blueprints of detailed drawings of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1 are
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on available at a nominal cost from the American Society for Testing and Materials,
the ASTM website. 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103. Request Adjunct No. ADJD1561.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1561–92 (2005)
4.8 Metal Followers—Two metal followers, 101.2 mm
(3.985 in.) in diameter; one 139.7 mm (5.5 in.) high, the other
38.1 mm (1.5 in.) high.
4.9 Testing Machine—A compression testing machine hav-
ing a minimum capacity of 22 kN (50 000 lbf).
4.10 Ovens—Electric ovens capable of maintaining tem-
peratures of up to 163°C (325°F).
4.11 Balance—A balance having a minimum capacity of 5
kg and meeting the requirements of Specification D 4753 for a
balance with 0.01-g readability.
4.12 Sample Splitter, riffle-type, or equivalent.
4.13 Sample Mixing Apparatus—Use suitable equipment.
Hand mixing is permissible, but mechanical mixing is recom-
mended.
4.14 Miscellaneous Apparatus—Thermometers, trowels,
pans, spatulas, scoops, gloves, and metal pans.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 Selection of Bitumen Content for Specimens—The op-
timumamountofbitumenfortheaggregatemaybedetermined
by the method commonly employed by the laboratory.
5.2 Preparation of Mixtures:
5.2.1 Obtain a sieve analysis on the fine and coarse aggre-
gate (aggregate shall be separated by means of a 4.75-mm (No.
4) sieve). Separate the aggregate into the various size fractions
FIG. 1 California Kneading Compactor
necessary for accurately recombining into test mixtures con-
forming to specified grading requirements.
5.2.2 Combine the moisture-free aggregates into batches
weighing 1200 g. (Every effort should be made to fabricate test
specimens 64 6 3 mm (2.5 6 0.1 in.) in height. Heat the
aggregate to the proper mixing temperature; then weigh the
required amount of bitumen at the proper temperature into the
aggregate mixture. For mixes employing asphalt cement, the
temperature of the aggregate and asphalt at the time mixing
begins shall be in accordance with the following:
Temperature Range, °C (°F)
Grade min max
AC-2.5, AR1000, or 200–300 Pen 99(210) 121(250)
AC-5, AR2000, or 120–150 Pen 110(230) 135(275)
AC-10, AR4000, or 85–100 Pen 121(250) 149(300)
AC-20, AR8000, or 60–70 Pen 132(270) 163(325)
AC-40, AR16000, or 40–50 Pen 132(270) 163(325)
Mixtures containing liquid asphalts do not require he
...
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