ASTM F2397-09(2015)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Protective Headgear Used in Martial Arts
Standard Specification for Protective Headgear Used in Martial Arts
ABSTRACT
This specification delas with the performance requirements for head protection used for training and competition in martial arts such as karate, wushu, and taekwondo, where normal contact between participants may be repeated, but is limited to a level that is not intended to produce injury. These activities typically take place in indoor or outdoor environments where the temperature is moderate. This specification recognizes the desirability of a lightweight and streamlined construction, and ventilation; however it is a performance specification, and is not intended to restrict design. Headgears shall be tested for the following and using the following test methods: reference marking, configuration, materials, projections, vision, retention test, stability or roll-off test, low-energy falling impact test, high-energy falling impact test, low-energy striking impact test, high-energy striking impact test, and high and low speed errors. The apparatus which shall be used are the test headforms, stability test instruments and equipment, falling impact test instruments and equipment, and striking impact instruments and equipment. The significance and use, conditioning environments, and test schedule are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for head protection used for training and competition in martial arts such as karate, wushu, and taekwondo, where normal contact between participants may be repeated, but is limited to a level that is not intended to produce injury. These activities typically take place in indoor or outdoor environments where the temperature is moderate. This specification recognizes the desirability of a lightweight and streamlined construction, and ventilation; however it is a performance specification, and is not intended to restrict design.
1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where noted in this specification.
1.3 Partial utilization of this standard is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification shall be a certification that the product meets all of the requirements of the specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet any one of the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed the specification, and shall not be distributed or sold with any indication that it meets parts of the specification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 The following safety caveat applies to the chemical, mechanical, or physical, or a combination thereof, test methods described herein and is meant specifically for those performing the tests (in an effort to provide them with notice to take the appropriate precautions when conducting the tests): This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F2397 −09 (Reapproved 2015) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Protective Headgear Used in Martial Arts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2397; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for
F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used in
head protection used for training and competition in martial
Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Protective
arts such as karate, wushu, and taekwondo, where normal
Headgear
contact between participants may be repeated, but is limited to
a level that is not intended to produce injury. These activities
3. Terminology
typically take place in indoor or outdoor environments where
3.1 See Test Methods F1446.
the temperature is moderate. This specification recognizes the
desirability of a lightweight and streamlined construction, and
4. Significance and Use
ventilation; however it is a performance specification, and is
not intended to restrict design.
4.1 The purpose of this specification is to provide reliable
and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of protective
1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall
headgear for martial arts training and competition. Injuries
beinaccordancewithTestMethodsF1446,exceptwherenoted
resulting from accidentally hard hand-to-head impacts, foot-to-
in this specification.
headimpacts,andhead-to-groundimpactsmaybedecreasedin
1.3 Partial utilization of this standard is prohibited. Any severity and, in some cases, prevented. No headgear can
statement of compliance with this specification shall be a protect against all impacts, foreseeable or not. Forces resulting
certification that the product meets all of the requirements of from strikes to the head due to kicks, punches, and falls are not
well understood. The mechanism of possible injury is not
the specification in its entirety.Aproduct that fails to meet any
one of the requirements of this specification is considered to addressed in this specification.
have failed the specification, and shall not be distributed or
5. Certification
sold with any indication that it meets parts of the specification.
5.1 See Test Methods F1446.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
6. Apparatus
standard.
6.1 Test Headforms—Headforms to be used for the stability
1.5 The following safety caveat applies to the chemical,
and falling impact tests in this specification are as defined in
mechanical,orphysical,oracombinationthereof,testmethods
Test Methods F1446. The appropriate size headform shall be
described herein and is meant specifically for those performing
selected for the headgear to be tested. For the striking impact
the tests (in an effort to provide them with notice to take the
tests in this specification, it is acceptable to use the appropriate
appropriate precautions when conducting the tests): This stan-
size Hybrid III head- and neck-forms.
dard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if
6.2 Stability Test Instruments and Equipment—Stability test
any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
instruments and equipment shall be in accordance with the
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
requirements of the roll-off test described in Test Methods
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
F1446.
tions prior to use.
6.3 Falling Impact Test Instruments and Equipment—
Impact test instruments and equipment for falling impact shall
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee F08.53 on Headgear and Helmets. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published February 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2397 – 09. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2397-09R15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2397−09 (2015)
beinaccordancewiththerequirementsofTestMethodsF1446, 7.2 Number of Samples—A test normally requires seven
using the flat anvil described in
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2397 − 09 F2397 − 09 (Reapproved 2015) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Protective Headgear Used in Martial Arts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2397; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for head protection used for training and competition in martial arts
such as karate, wushu, and taekwondo, where normal contact between participants may be repeated, but is limited to a level that
is not intended to produce injury. These activities typically take place in indoor or outdoor environments where the temperature
is moderate. This specification recognizes the desirability of a lightweight and streamlined construction, and ventilation; however
it is a performance specification, and is not intended to restrict design.
1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where noted in
this specification.
1.3 Partial utilization of this standard is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification shall be a certification
that the product meets all of the requirements of the specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet any one of the
requirements of this specification is considered to have failed the specification, and shall not be distributed or sold with any
indication that it meets parts of the specification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 The following safety caveat applies to the chemical, mechanical, or physical, or a combination thereof, test methods
described herein and is meant specifically for those performing the tests (in an effort to provide them with notice to take the
appropriate precautions when conducting the tests): This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used in Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Protective Headgear
3. Terminology
3.1 See Test Methods F1446.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The purpose of this specification is to provide reliable and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of protective headgear
for martial arts training and competition. Injuries resulting from accidentally hard hand-to-head impacts, foot-to-head impacts, and
head-to-ground impacts may be decreased in severity and, in some cases, prevented. No headgear can protect against all impacts,
foreseeable or not. Forces resulting from strikes to the head due to kicks, punches, and falls are not well understood. The
mechanism of possible injury is not addressed in this specification.
5. Certification
5.1 See Test Methods F1446.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F08.53 on Headgear and Helmets.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009Jan. 1, 2015. Published December 2009February 2015. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20042009
as F2397 – 04a.F2397 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/F2397-09.10.1520/F2397-09R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2397 − 09 (2015)
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Headforms—Headforms to be used for the stability and falling impact tests in this specification are as defined in Test
Methods F1446. The appropriate size headform shall be selected for the headgear to be tested. For the striking impact tests in this
specification, it is acceptable to use the appropriate size Hybrid III head- and neck-forms.
6.2 Stability Test Instruments and Equipment—Stability test ins
...
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