ASTM C1765-13
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
Standard Specification for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for steel fiber reinforced concrete pipe (SFRCP) of internal diameters 12-48 in., to be used in the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water as well as the construction of culverts. Pipe furnished under this specification shall be designated as Class I, II, III, IV, or V. The standard covers the basis of acceptance of the pipe design, design and manufacturing, materials and manufacture, proof of design testing, physical requirements, compression tests for determining th compressive strength of steel fiber concrete, dimensions and permissible variations, repairs, inspection and rejection, disposition of a rejected lot, certification, and product marking. Definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe are provided, including D-load, the load the pipe is required to support in the three-edge bearing test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers steel fiber reinforced concrete pipe (SFRCP) of internal diameters 12 - 48 in., intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts. Note 1—Experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the pipe strength, the type of bedding and backfill, the care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications, and provision for adequate inspection at the construction site. This specification does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, the relation ship between field load conditions and the strength designation of pipe, or durability under unusual environmental conditions. These requirements should be included in the project specification.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:C1765 −13
Standard Specification for
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and
Sewer Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1765; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and
Mortars
1.1 This specification covers steel fiber reinforced concrete
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
pipe (SFRCP) of internal diameters 12 - 48 in., intended to be
Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
storm water and for the construction of culverts.
NOTE 1—Experience has shown that the successful performance of this
3. Terminology
product depends upon the proper selection of the pipe strength, the type of
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcrete
bedding and backfill, the care that the installation conforms to the
pipe not defined in this specification, see Terminology C822.
construction specifications, and provision for adequate inspection at the
construction site. This specification does not include requirements for
3.2 D —the D test load divided by a factor of safety
Service Test
bedding, backfill, the relation ship between field load conditions and the
of 1.5.
strength designation of pipe, or durability under unusual environmental
conditions. These requirements should be included in the project specifi-
3.3 D —the load the pipe is required to support in the
Test
cation.
three-edge bearing test expressed as a D-load.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4. Classification
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4.1 Pipe furnished under this specification shall be desig-
nated as Class I, II, III, IV, or V. The corresponding strength
2. Referenced Documents
requirementsareprescribedinTable1.Specialdesignsforpipe
2.1 ASTM Standards:
strengths not designated in Table 1 are permitted, provided all
A820/A820M Specification for Steel Fibers for Fiber-
other requirements of this specification are met.
Reinforced Concrete
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
5. Basis of Acceptance
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
5.1 The acceptability of the pipe design shall be in accor-
C260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
dance with Section 9.
crete
5.2 Unless designated by the owner at the time of, or before
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
placing an order, the pipe shall be accepted on the basis of
Concrete
Sections 10 and 11, and such material tests as are required in
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or
7.2, 7.3, and 7.5.
Tile
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
5.3 Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered ready for
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
acceptance when they conform to the requirements of this
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
specification.
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
Products 6. Design and Manufacturing
6.1 The manufacturer shall provide the following informa-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
tion regarding the pipe unless waived by the owner:
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 on
6.1.1 Pipe design strength (D ).
Service
Reinforced Sewer and Culvert Pipe.
6.1.2 Physical Characteristics—Diameter, wall thickness,
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2013. Published October 2013. DOI:
10.1520/C1765–13.
laying length, and joint details.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1.3 Steel Fiber Concrete Compressive Strength—
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Minimum steel fiber concrete compressive strength equal to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 4000 psi.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1765−13
TABLE 1 Pipe Strength Requirements
7.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing
Pipe Class D (lb/linear foot/ D (lb/linear foot/foot concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
Service Test
foot of diameter) of diameter)
7.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
I 800 1200
II 1000 1500
7.5 Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of
III 1350 2025
steel fibers conforming to Specification A820/A820M.
IV 2000 3000
V 3000 4500
7.6 Manufacture:
7.6.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded,
proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious
materials, steel fibers, admixtures, and water as will produce a
6.1.4 Admixtures.
thoroughly mixed steel fiber concrete of such quality that the
6.1.5 Reinforcement:
pipe will conform to the test and design requirements of this
6.1.5.1 Type of reinforcement, applicable reinforcement
specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious
specification, and grade.
materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitious
6.1.5.2 Percentage of steel fiber reinforcing by volume.
materials shall be as specified in 7.2.
6.1.6 Manufacturing and curing process.
7.6.2 Reinforcement—Steel reinforcing fibers shall be thor-
oughly mixed throughout the concrete amalgam. No restriction
7. Materials and Manufacture
is placed on the combination or proportion of steel fibers in the
finished product, except that pipes manufactured using these
7.1 Materials:
materials and mixture shall comply with the performance
7.1.1 Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete—The steel fiber re-
requirements of this standard.
inforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials,
7.6.3 Joints—Thejointsshallbeofsuchdesignandtheends
mineralaggregates,admixtures,andwater,inwhichsteelfibers
of the concrete pipe sections so formed that when the sections
have been mixed in such a manner that the steel and concrete
are laid together they will make a continuous line of pipe with
act together to resist stresses.
a smooth interior free of appreciable irregularities in the flow
7.2 Cementitious Materials:
line, all compatible with the permissible variations given in
7.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements
Section 11.
for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portland
blast-furnace slag cement or slag modified portland cement, or
8. Design
portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of
8.1 Design—The wall thickness, compressive strength of
Specification C595, except that the pozzolan constituent in the
Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash. the concrete, and percentage of steel fibers by volume shall be
sufficient to pass the D requirements in Table 1.
7.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of
Test
Class F or Class C of Specification C618.
8.2 Special Classes:
7.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)—
8.2.1 If permitted by the owner, the manufacturer may
GGBFSshallconformtotherequirementsofGrade100or120
request approval by the owner of a special class of pipe having
of Specification C989.
D values that differ from those shown in Table 1.
Test
7.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—
8.2.2 Suchspecialclassesofpipeshallbebasedonthesame
The combination of cementitious materials used in the cement
design/testing requirements as required for those classes found
shall be one of the following:
in Table 1.
7.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
7.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only.
9. Proof of Design Testing
7.2.4.3 Portland pozzolan cement only,
9.1 Test Equipment and Facilities—The manufacturer shall
7.2.4.4 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,
furnish without charge all samples, facilities, and personnel
7.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and ground
necessary to carry out the tests required by this specification.
granulated blast-furnace slag,
7.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement, ground granu-
9.2 Proof of Design—When testing for proof of design, the
lated blast-fumace slag, and fly ash,
pipe tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods
7.2.4.7 A combination of portland pozzolan cement and fly
C497. Load on the pipe shall increase continuously until it
ash.
reaches the ultimate load without collapse due to residual
strength provided by the steel-fiber matrix.The D value shall
ult
7.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the require-
be recorded.
ments of Specification C33, except that the requirement for
gradation shall not apply.
9.3 Proof of Bond/Ductility/Toughness—After the proof of
design test, the pipe shall be immediately unloaded and
7.4 Admixtures and Blends—The following admixtures and
reloaded in accordance with Test Method C497. As a verifica-
blends are allowable.
tion of bond, ductility, and toughness, the pipe shall be loaded
7.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification
until it reaches the specified service load, D .
Service
C260;
7.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification
NOTE 2—This test ensures the fibers have both the anchorage and
C494/C494M; tensile strength to continue to behave in a ductile, not brittle manner.
C1765−13
9.4 Establishment of Pipe Strength: prescribed in Table 1 for each respective class of pipe. It is not
9.4.1 Three to seven representative specimens, of standard a requirement of this section that the pipe be loaded to its D
ult
production pipe, shall be tested to their ultimate load, and the strength. Section 9 does test the pipe to D .
ult
results recorded. Using the values obtained in 9.2, compute the
10.4 Number and Tests Required for Pipe Test Load—The
values in 9.4.2 and 9.4.3.
pipe producer shall perform a three-edge bearing test in
NOTE 3—It is necessary that samples be selected at random. For accordancewithTestMethodsC497andtheprovisionsin10.2.
guidance see Practice E105.
The test shall be performed on one pipe per production run, as
defined in Terminology C822, or every 200 pieces of like size
9.4.2 Compute the estimated standard deviation, s,by Eq 1
and class of pipe, whichever is less.
or Eq 2, which equations yield identical values.
NOTE 4—While cracks may occur in steel fiber reinforced concrete
¯
s 5 =@Σ ~X 2 X! #□⁄□ n 2 1 (1)
~ !
i
pipe, they are not to be considered an indication of overstressed or failed
2 2 pipe provided the pipe meets all other performance requirements of this
s 5 = Σ X 2 Σ X ⁄ n □⁄□ n 2 1 (2)
@ ~ ! # ~ !
i i
specification.
where:
10.5 Retests of Pipe—If any pipe fails to pass the three-edge
X = observed value of the load to develop the ultimate
i
bearing test requirements, then three more pipe shall be
strength,
selected at random from the same production run and tested. If
¯
X = average (arithmetic mean) of the values of X, and
i
all three pipes pass, then the pipe from that production run is
n = number of observed values.
acceptable. If any pipe fails to meet the test requirements, the
¯
9.4.3 Compute the minimum allowable arithmetic mean, X . required tests shall be made on the balance of the order and the
s
by Eq 3.In Eq 3, the value of the estimated standard deviation, pipe shall be accepted if they conform to the requirements of
s, shall be as calculated by Eq 1,or Eq 2, or equal to 0.07 L, this specification.
whichever is greater.
10.6 Absorption—An annual absorption test shall be per-
¯
fortned for each mix design for each production process. The
X 5 L1S (3)
s m
absorption of a sample from the wall of the pipe, as determined
L = specification limit (specified D-load) and
in accordance with Test Methods C497, shall not exceed 9 %
S = modified standard deviation dependent upon sample
m
of the dry mass for Method A or 8.5 % for Method B. Each
size (see Table 2).
Method A sample shall have a minimum mass of 2.2 lb (1.0
9.4.4 The pipe shall be deemed acceptable if the arithmetic kg), shall be free of visible cracks, and shall represent the full
¯ ¯
mean XfortheD strengthvalueisequaltoorgreaterthan X .
wall thickness of the pipe. When the initial absorption sample
ult s
from the pipe fails to conform to this specification, the
9.5 Sample Testing of Pipe Strength—If any part of the
absorption test shall be made on another sample from the same
material or manufacture of the pipe are modified, then the
pipe and the results of the retest shall be substituted for the
ability of the pipe to meet the required D value shall be
Test
original test results.
reestablished in accordance with 9.4. Provided there is no
change in material or manufacture of the pipe used to establish
CONCRETE TESTING
the pipe class, pipe shall be periodically tested in accordance
with Section 10 for quality assurance.
10.7 Type of Specimen—Compression tests for determining
steel fiber concrete compressive strength shall be allowed to be
10. Physical Requirements
made on either concrete cylinders or on cores drilled from the
10.1 The proof of design is as required in accordance with pipe.
9.2. The test requirements of this section apply to the quality
10.8 Compression Testing of Cylinders:
assurance of pipe production with the pipe being tested to D
Test
10.8.1 Cylinder Production—Cylinders shall be prepared in
(150 % of the D ).
Service
accordance with the cylinder strength test method of Test
10.2 Test Specimens—The pipe required for tests shall be
Methods C497.
furnishedbythemanufacturer,selectedatrandom,andshallbe
10.8.2 Number of Cylinders—Prepare not fewer than three
pipe that would otherwise not be rejected under this specifica-
test cylinders from each steel fiber concrete mix used within a
tion.
group (one day’s production) of pipe sections.
10.3 External Load Test Strength—The load to produce the
10.8.3 Acceptability on the Basis of Cylinder Test Results:
D Load as determined by the three-edge-bearing method
Test
10.8.3.1 When the compressive strengths of all cylinders
described in the Test Methods C497 shall not be less than that
tested for a group are equal to or greater than the design steel
fiber concrete strength, the compressive strength of the steel
fiber concrete in the group of pipe sections shall be accepted.
TABLE 2 Modified Standard Deviation Values
10.8.3.2 When the average compressive strength of all
Sample Size (n)S Value
m
3 1.08s cylinders tested is equal to or greater than the design steel fiber
4 1.09s
concrete strength, not more than 10 % after the cylinders tested
5 1.10s
have a compressive strength less than the design steel fiber
7 1.16s
concrete strength. and no cylinder tested has a comp
...
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