ASTM E529-04(2011)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Conducting Flexural Tests on Beams and Girders for Building Construction
Standard Guide for Conducting Flexural Tests on Beams and Girders for Building Construction
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the flexural testing of beams and girders under simulated service conditions to determine their structural performance characteristics. Methods following this guide are intended primarily for constructions that may not conform with the relatively simple assumptions upon which well-known flexural theories are based. In some cases, they are also suitable for determining the structural adequacy of the design, materials, connections, and fabrication techniques. The methods are not intended for use in routine quality control tests.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statement, see 7.1.
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Designation: E529 − 04 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Guide for
Conducting Flexural Tests on Beams and Girders for
Building Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E529; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope stiffness, creep, or other useful properties may be obtained.
When round-robin tests are to be conducted, a standardized set
1.1 This guide covers the flexural testing of beams and
of procedures conforming to this guide should be agreed upon
girders under simulated service conditions to determine their
by the participants prior to testing to ensure a uniform basis for
structural performance characteristics. Methods following this
comparison.
guide are intended primarily for constructions that may not
conform with the relatively simple assumptions upon which
5. Types of Tests
well-known flexural theories are based. In some cases, they are
also suitable for determining the structural adequacy of the
5.1 The flexural test is categorized as either a proof test or
design, materials, connections, and fabrication techniques. The
an ultimate load test.Aproof test is intended to give assurance
methods are not intended for use in routine quality control
that the member will support a certain minimum short-term
tests.
load,ortodeterminethedeflectionandrecoveryresultingfrom
theapplicationandremovalofsuchaload.Incarryingonatest
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to failure (ultimate load), more detailed information can be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
obtained, such as the proportional limit, yield point, ultimate
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
capacity, mode of failure, load-deflection characteristics, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the adequacy of connectors and connections.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
precautionary statement, see 7.1.
5.2 Both laboratory and field tests are acceptable.
2. Referenced Document
5.3 The types of tests described above apply to beams
2.1 ASTM Standards: subjected to short-term static loads. If cyclic, dynamic, or
E575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of long-term sustained load tests are undertaken, care should be
Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As- taken to ensure that procedures are consistent, that the test
semblies setup is reliable, and that load points cannot shift between
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions cycles or impacts.
3. Terminology
6. Apparatus
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
6.1 Loading method, type of test equipment, type of
Terminology E631.
instrumentation, and so forth, are not specified, but are dis-
4. Significance cussed in general terms, with the final choices being left to the
discretion of the testing agency or controlling regulatory body.
4.1 This guide provides a general procedure for conducting
flexural load tests on beams and girders of all types. Strength,
7. Safety Precautions
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance
7.1 Tests of this type can be dangerous. Equipment and
of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11 on Horizontal
facilities must be designed with ample safety factors to assure
and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Structures.
that it is the specimen that fails and not the test apparatus or
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
facilities.Observersandsensitiveinstrumentationmustbekept
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E529 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/E0529-04R11.
away from beams when loading to failure or in a range where
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
performance is unknown. Gravity loading with concrete
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
blocks, metal bars, sand, or similar materials can be very
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. hazardous at failure as collapse may be sudden and complete.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E529 − 04 (Reapproved 2011)
8. Number of Tests from a scale and mirror attached to the beam at the measure-
ment points. Read the scale by lining up the taut wire with its
8.1 The number of like beams required for the tests will
reflection in the mirror.
vary with the desired accuracy and reliability of the informa-
10.2.2.2 Other common methods of measuring deforma-
tion to be obtained and with the purpose of the tests. The
tions involve the use of micrometer dial gages or linear
number chosen should be compatible with the purpose of the
variable differential transformers attached to a suitable refer-
tests and agreeable to all parties concerned regarding the
ence bar and bearing at the desired points on the beam. Mount
significance of the results. However, no fewer than two
the reference bar for supporting the deflection-measuring
identical tests should be performed.
apparatus on the beam above the two end supports at or close
9. Test Specimen to the neutral axis. Deformations can also be determined by
using a surveyor’s level and reading scales attached to the
9.1 Specimens shall be typical of those anticipated in
beam. In all cases, the method used shall compensate for any
service or as required for the purpose of the tests. Materials,
settlement of the reaction supports.
fabrication, fasteners, connections, and so forth shall be repre-
10.2.3 Strain readings can be taken by any of the many
sentative. If the materials used require time to come to full
strain indicators and gaging systems commercially available.
strength, sufficient time shall be allowed between fabrication
Follow a consistent procedure in taking strain readings to
and testing for proper curing. This period of time will vary
ensure results that will produce reliable stress-strain data.
between materials but should be no less than that specified by
applicable building codes or in the manufacturer’s recommen- NOTE 1—The use of strain gages on wood beams should be approached
with great caution. Local variation in the stiffness of wood can cause a
dations.
significant difference between the strain measured on the surface of the
beam and the true strain through the entire beam depth.
10. Preparation of Apparatus
10.1 Test Set-up: 11. Loading Procedure
10.1.1 Loads are applied using a testing machine, hydraulic
11.1 Support, brace laterally, and load the beam in a manner
...
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