ASTM D3800M-11

Standard Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Fiber density is useful in the evaluation of new materials at the research and development level and is one of the material properties normally given in fiber specifications.
Fiber density is used to determine fiber strength and modulus both of a fiber bundle and an individual filament. These properties are based on load or modulus slope over an effective area. Fiber density may be used with lineal mass of the fiber to give an approximation of effective tow area. Tow area divided by the average number of filaments in a tow gives an approximation of the effective area of an individual filament.
Fiber density is used as a constituent property when determining reinforcement volume and void volume based on reinforcement mass and laminate density.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of high-modulus fibers and is applicable to both continuous and discontinuous fibers.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional information.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2011
• ICS: 49.025.60 - Textiles
• Technical Committee: D30 - Composite Materials
• Drafting Committee: D30.03 - Constituent/Precursor Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3800-99(2010) - Standard Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3800M − 11
StandardTest Method for
1
Density of High-Modulus Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3800M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
ofhigh-modulusfibersandisapplicabletobothcontinuousand
3. Terminology
discontinuous fibers.
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tocompositematerials.TerminologyE12definestermsrelating
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
to density. Practice E177 defines terms relating to statistics. In
standard.
theeventofaconflictbetweenterms,TerminologyD3878shall
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
have precedence over other standards.
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
3.2 Symbols:
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
3.2.1 ρ —density of standard
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to s
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
3.2.2 ρ—density of liquid
l
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 ρ—density of fiber
f
See Section 9 for additional information.
3.2.4 ρ —density of the measured fiber containing sizing
mf
3.2.5 ρ —density of the measured liquid containing surfac-
2. Referenced Documents
ml
tant
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.6 ρ —density of surfactant
D891 TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquid sur
Industrial Chemicals
3.2.7 ρ —density of sizing
sz
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
3.2.8 ρ —density of water
w
Gradient Technique
3.2.9 s—standard deviation
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
3.2.10 M —weight of suspension wire in air
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-
1
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
3.2.11 M —weight of suspension wire in liquid (to immer-
2
Composite Materials
sion point)
D6308 Guide for Identification of Composite Materials in
3.2.12 M —weight of suspension wire plus item whose
3
Computerized Material Property Databases (Withdrawn
density is to be determined (in air)
3
1999)
3.2.13 M —weight of suspension wire plus item whose
4
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
3
density is to be determined (in liquid)
of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
3.2.14 M –M —weight of item for density to be deter-
3 1
mined in air
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
3.2.15 M –M —weight of item for density to be deter-
4 2
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 on
mined in liquid
Constituent/Precursor Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originally
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3800 – 99 (2010).
4. Summary of Test Method
DOI: 10.1520/D3800M-11.
2
4.1 Procedure A—Buoyancy (Archimedes) Method:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1.1 The sample is weighed in air and weighed in a liquid
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
that will thoroughly wet the sample and is of a lower density.
the ASTM website.
3
4.1.2 The difference in weight of the sample in the two
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. media is the buoyancy force. This force is converted to sample
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D3800M − 11
volume by dividing it by the liquid density. The sample weight 6.1.5 Effect of Surfactant Density—The addition of a sur-
in air divided by the sample volume equals the sample density. factant to a liquid may produce bias if not considered. The
effect may be shown by the following equation:
4.2 Procedure B—Sink-Float Technique:
100 2 x ρ 1x ρ
~ ! ~ !
4.2.1 The sample is placed in a container containing a liquid l sur
ρ 5 (2)
ml
100
that will thoroughly wet the sample and is of a lower density.
A liquid of higher density than the sample and miscible with
where
the first liquid is then added slowly to the container under
x = mass of surfactant as a percentage of total mass of the
constant gentle m
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3800–99 (Reapproved 2010) Designation: D3800M – 11
Standard Test Method for
1
Density of High-Modulus Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3800M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of high-modulus fibers and is applicable to both continuous and
discontinuous fibers.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional
information.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D6308 Guide for Identification of Composite Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to composite materials. Terminology E12 defines terms relating to
density. Practice E177 defines terms relating to statistics. In the event of a conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have
precedence over other standards.
3.2 Symbols: rs
r = density of standard
s
r = density of liquid
l
r = density of fiber
f
r = density of the measured fiber containing sizing
mf
r = density of the measured liquid containing surfactant
ml
r = density of surfactant
sur
r = density of sizing
sz
r = density of water
w
s = standard deviation
M = weight of suspension wire in air
1
M = weight of suspension wire in liquid (to immersion point)
2
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 on
Constituent/Precursor Properties.
Current edition approved AprilAug. 1, 2010.2011. Published May 2010.September 2011. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
D3800 – 99 (2004).(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D3800-99R10.10.1520/D3800M-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3800M – 11
M = weight of suspension wire plus item whose density is to be determined (in air)
3
M = weight of suspension wire plus item whose density is to be determined (in liquid)
4
M weight weight —weight of item for density to be determined in liquid
3.2.1—weightr—density of standard
s
4.Summary of Test Method
3.2.2r—densityof of liquid
l
4.13.2.3Generalr—densityitem—Usingofrandomfiber selection techniques, a suitable size sample of high-modulus fiber can be tested by any of the three
f
procedures described in this test method. Procedure A using water with a surfactant as the liquid medium is preferred due to
3.2.4r —densityfor of the measured fiber containing sizing
mf
environmental3.2.5densityr —densityandsafetyof theconsiderations.measured liquidTheothercontainingmethodssurfactantshallnotbeusedifProcedureAisadequate.InterimuseofProcedures
ml
B or C is allowed while a comparison is made to results using Procedure A.
3.2.6r —densityto of surfactant
sur
3.2.7r —densitybe 4.2Profocedursizinge A—Buoyancy (Archimedes) Method:
sz
4.2.1The4.1.1The sample is weighed in
...