ASTM E100-15

Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers

ABSTRACT
This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM test methods in which they are used. Hydrometers shall be of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type. Hydrometers shall be made of glass, except for the scale, ballasting material, and the thermometric liquid of thermohydrometers. Material used for ballast shall be secured to the lower part of the body, and no loose material of any sort may be inside a hydrometer. The stem shall be uniform in cross section, with no perceptible irregularities. The preferred shapes for the bodies of hydrometers are presented. Graduation lines and inscriptions shall be in a permanent black marking material, such as India ink. All hydrometers shall be graduated to read correctly where the plane of the level liquid surface intersects the stem. The thermometer shall be of the mercury-in-glass type, unless otherwise specified. Hydrometers shall be inspected, tested, and standardized in accordance with the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM Test Methods in which they are used.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2015
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: E20 - Temperature Measurement
• Drafting Committee: E20.05 - Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E100-14 - Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM E100-15a - Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D3716-14(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Use of Emulsion Polymers in Floor Polishes
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D1657-22e1 - Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D4659-19 - Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific Gravity of Isocyanates
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D2111-10(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity and Density of Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM E223-23e1 - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Sulfuric Acid
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM E126-19 - Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D287-22 - Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer/Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D1298-12b(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D4371/D4371M-06(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Washability Characteristics of Coal
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D6822-12b(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C474-15(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Joint Treatment Materials for Gypsum Board Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C494/C494M-19e1 - Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM E344-20 - Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E100 −15
StandardSpecification for
1
ASTM Hydrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E100; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.2.1 ledger paper, n—a paper characterized by strength,
high tearing resistance, eraseability, water resistance, ink
1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of various
receptivity, uniformity of surface, and smoothness.
scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM Test
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Originally, ledger paper was used espe-
Methods in which they are used.
cially for pen and ink records. Most ledger papers are surface
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sized, frequently subjected to appreciable wear, and shall have
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a high degree of permanence and durability.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 length of the scale, n—length of the nominal range in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
thestem,notincludinggraduationsextendingaboveandbelow
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the nominal limits.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 relative density (formerly specific gravity), n—ratio of
2
the mass of a given volume of material at a stated temperature
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tothemassofanequalvolumeofgas-freedistilledwateratthe
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
same or different temperature. Both reference temperatures
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
shall be explicitly stated.
D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Common reference temperatures in-
D3290 Specification for Bond and Ledger Papers for Perma-
3
clude 60°F/60°F, 20°C/20°C, 20°C/4°C. The historic term
nent Records (Withdrawn 2010)
specific gravity may still be found.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
3.2.4 specific gravity, n—an historic term, replaced by
mometers
relative density.
E126 Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verifica-
3.2.4.1 Discussion—hydrometers manufactured to this stan-
tion of ASTM Hydrometers
dard may be marked sp. gr., rel. density, or with both
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
designations. The two terms are both equally acceptable in this
etry
standard and are used interchangeably.
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
3.2.5 thermohydrometer, n—glass hydrometer having an
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
integral thermometer.
3.2.6 top of the hydrometer, n—top of the finished instru-
3. Terminology
ment.
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given inTerminology E344
3.2.7 total length, n—overall length of the finished instru-
apply.
ment.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4. Specifications
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on 4.1 Individual hydrometers shall conform to the detailed
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05
specifications in Table 1 and to the general requirements
on Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.
specified in Sections5–15.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Originally
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E100 – 14. DOI:
4.2 Hydrometers shall be subjected to the inspection criteria
10.1520/E0100-15.
found in Section 16 and the standardization criteria found in
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Section 17.
contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4.3 Hydrometers manufactured to previous revisions of this
the ASTM website.
3
specification shall retain the same ASTM status as those
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. meeting current specifications.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E100−15
4.4 At the time of purchase, scale errors shall be within the 5.4 The hydrometer shall be thoroughly dry on the inside
maximum scale error found in Table 1. when sealed. The top of the stem shall be neatly rounded
without unnecessary thickening.
NOTE 1—Caution—Users should be aware that both temperature and
density indications of thermohydrometers may c
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E100 − 14 E100 − 15
Standard Specification for
1
ASTM Hydrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E100; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM Test Methods in
which they are used.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
3
D3290 Specification for Bond and Ledger Papers for Permanent Records (Withdrawn 2010)
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E126 Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology E344 apply.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 ledger paper, n—a paper characterized by strength, high tearing resistance, eraseability, water resistance, ink receptivity,
uniformity of surface, and smoothness.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05 on
Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014Aug. 1, 2015. Published September 2014August 2015. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 20102014
as E100 – 10.E100 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/E0100-14.10.1520/E0100-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Originally, ledger paper was used especially for pen and ink records. Most ledger papers are surface sized, frequently subjected
to appreciable wear, and shall have a high degree of permanence and durability.
3.2.2 length of the scale, n—length of the nominal range in the stem, not including graduations extending above and below the
nominal limits.
3.2.3 relative density (formerly specific gravity), n—ratio of the mass of a given volume of material at a stated temperature to
the mass of an equal volume of gas-free distilled water at the same or different temperature. Both reference temperatures shall be
explicitly stated.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E100 − 15
Common reference temperatures include 60°F/60°F, 20°C/20°C, 20°C/4°C. The historic term specific gravity may still be found.
3.2.4 specific gravity, n—an historic term, replaced by relative density.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—
hydrometers manufactured to this standard may be marked sp. gr., rel. density, or with both designations. The two terms are both
equally acceptable in this standard and are used interchangeably.
3.2.5 thermohydrometer, n—glass hydrometer having an integral thermometer.
3.2.6 top of the hydrometer, n—top of the finished instrument.
3.2.7 total length, n—overall length of the finished instrument.
4. Specifications
4.1 Individual hydrometers shall conform to the detailed specifications in Table 1 and to the general requirements specified in
Sections 5 – 15.
4.2 Hydrometers shall be subjected to the inspection criteria found in Section 16 and the standardization criteria found in
Section 17.
4.3 Hydrometers manufactured to previous revisions of this specification shall retain the same ASTM status as those meeting
current specifications.
...