ASTM B527-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Tap Density of Metal Powders and Compounds
Standard Test Method for Determination of Tap Density of Metal Powders and Compounds
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the tap density physical characteristic of metal powders and related compounds. The degree of correlation between the results of this test method and the quality of powders in use will vary with each particular application and has not been fully determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a method for the determination of tap density (packed density) of metal powders and compounds, that is, the density of a powder that has been tapped, to settle contents, in a container under specified conditions.
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B527 − 14
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Tap Density of Metal Powders and
1
Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B527; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the tap density
1.1 This test method specifies a method for the determina-
physical characteristic of metal powders and related com-
tion of tap density (packed density) of metal powders and
pounds. The degree of correlation between the results of this
compounds, that is, the density of a powder that has been
test method and the quality of powders in use will vary with
tapped, to settle contents, in a container under specified
each particular application and has not been fully determined.
conditions.
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the
5. Apparatus
mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram
3
5.1 Balance, of appropriate capacity to satisfy the require-
per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-
ments shown in Table 1 and accuracy of 6 0.05 g.
standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be
regarded as standard.
5.2 Graduated Glass Cylinder, calibrated to contain 100
3
cm at 20 °C, the height of the graduated portion being
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3
approximately 175 mm. The graduations shall be at 1 cm
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3
intervals,thusallowingameasuringaccuracyof 60.5cm .For
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3 3
apparent densities over 4 g/cm , do not use the 100 cm
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cylinder, see section 5.2.1.1.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2.1 Alternatively, the following may be used:
5.2.1.1 Graduated Glass Cylinder, calibrated to contain 25
2. Referenced Documents
3
cm at 20 °C, the height of the graduated portion being
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
approximately 135 mm. The graduations shall be at 0.2 cm
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders 3
intervals, thus allowing a measuring accuracy of 60.1 cm .
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
3
5.2.1.2 A 25 cm cylinder shall be used for powders of
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
3
apparent density higher than 4 g/cm , in particular for refrac-
ASTM Test Methods
tory metal powders.
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
5.3 Tapping Apparatus, which permits the tapping of the
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
graduated cylinder against a firm base. The tapping shall be
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
such that a densification of the powder can take place without
any loosening of its surface layers. The stroke shall be 3 mm
3. Terminology
and the tapping frequency shall be between 100 and 300
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Terms
taps/min. An example of a tapping apparatus is shown in Fig.
used in this test method are defined in B243.
1.
6. Test Specimen
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
6.1 For the quantities of powder required for each test, see
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee B09.03 on Refractory Metal Powders.
Table 1. Obtain test portions according to Practices B215.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originally
6.2 In general, the powder should be tested in the as-
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B527 – 2006. DOI:
10.1520/B0527-14.
received condition. In certain instances the powder may be
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
dried. However, if the powder is susceptible to oxidation, the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
drying shall take place in a vacuum or in inert gas. If the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. powder contains volatile substances, it shall not be dried.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B527 − 14
TABLE 1 Capacity and Accuracy of the Test Portion Mass and
7.3 Pour the test portion into the graduated cylinder. Take
Graduated Cylinder
care that a level surface of the powder is formed. Place the
Apparent Mass of Test Cylinder Cylinder
c
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B527 − 06 B527 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Tap Density of MetallicMetal Powders and
1
Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B527; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method specifies a method for the determination of tap density (packed density) of metallicmetal powders and
compounds, that is, the density of a powder that has been tapped, to settle contents, in a container under specified conditions.
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic
3
centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Terms used in this test method are defined in B243.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the tappedtap density physical characteristic of metallicmetal powders and related
compounds. The degree of correlation between the results of this test method and the quality of powders in use will vary with each
particular application and has not been fully determined.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Balance, of appropriate capacity and accuracy to satisfy the requirements shown in Table 1. and accuracy of 6 0.05 g.
3
5.2 Graduated Glass Cylinder, calibrated to contain 100 cm at 20°C,20 °C, the height of the graduated portion being
3 3
approximately 175 mm. The graduations shall be at 1 cm intervals, thus allowing a measuring accuracy of 60.5 cm . For apparent
3 3
densities over 4 g/cm , do not use the 100 cm cylinder.cylinder, see section 5.2.1.1.
5.2.1 Alternatively, the following may be used:
3
5.2.1.1 Graduated Glass Cylinder, calibrated to contain 25 cm at 20°C,20 °C, the height of the graduated portion being
3 3
approximately 135 mm. The graduations shall be at 0.2 cm intervals.intervals, thus allowing a measuring accuracy of 60.1 cm .
3 3
5.2.1.2 A 25-cm25 cm cylinder shall be used for powders of apparent density higher than 4 g/cm , in particular for refractory
metal powders, but may also be used for powder of lower apparent density.powders.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.03 on Refractory Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006April 1, 2014. Published October 2006August 2014. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as
ε1
B527 – 93 (2000)B527 – 2006. . DOI: 10.1520/B0527-06.10.1520/B0527-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B527 − 14
TABLE 1 Accuracy and Capacity of Balance
colname="col1" colwidth="78pts">colname="col2"
3
Cylinder Capacity, cm Apparent Density, Mass of Test Portion, g
colwidth="84pts"> 3
g/cm
100 >1 100 ±
0.5
100 #1 50 ± 0.2
25 >7 100 ± 0.5
25 2 to 7 50 ± 0.2
25 <2 20 ± 0.1
TABLE 1 Capacity and Accuracy of the Test Portion Mass and
Graduated Cylinder
Apparent Mass of Test Cylinder Cylinder
Density Portion Capacity Accuracy
3 3 3
g/cm g cm cm
<1 50 ± 0.2 100 0.5
1-4 100 ± 0.5 100 0.5
>4 100 ± 0.5 25 0.2
5.3 Tapping Apparatus, which permits the ta
...
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