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ASTM D4169-04a

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems

Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis of evaluating, in a laboratory, the ability of shipping units to withstand the distribution environment. This is accomplished by subjecting them to a test plan consisting of a sequence of anticipated hazard elements encountered in various distribution cycles. This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment test procedures.
1.2 The suitability of this practice for use with hazardous materials has not been determined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2004
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4169-04 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D4169-05 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
01-Oct-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6251/D6251M-19 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Panelboard Shipping Boxes
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4279-95(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Shipping Containers—Constant and Cycle Methods
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6255/D6255M-18 - Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6573/D6573M-13(2020) - Standard Specification for General Purpose Wirebound Shipping Boxes
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5639/D5639M-20 - Standard Practice for Selection of Corrugated Fiberboard Materials and Box Construction Based on Performance Requirements
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6537-00(2021) - Standard Practice for Instrumented Package Shock Testing For Determination of Package Performance
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4675-14a(2022) - Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials<sup>1</sup>
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6198-18 - Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5118/D5118M-22 - Standard Practice for Fabrication of Fiberboard Shipping Boxes
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM A700-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3951-18 - Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6254/D6254M-20 - Standard Specification for Wirebound Pallet-Type Wood Boxes
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6055-96(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004

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ASTM D4169-04a - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and SystemsASTM D4169-04a - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
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ASTM D4169-04a - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4169–04a
Standard Practice for
1
Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Packaging Components for Testing
D 4728 Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of
1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis of evaluating, in
Shipping Containers
a laboratory, the ability of shipping units to withstand the
D 5276 Test Method for DropTest of Loaded Containers by
distribution environment. This is accomplished by subjecting
Free Fall
them to a test plan consisting of a sequence of anticipated
D 5277 Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizon-
hazard elements encountered in various distribution cycles.
tal Impacts Using an Inclined Tester
This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications
D 5487 Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Con-
or existing preshipment test procedures.
tainers by Shock Machines
1.2 The suitability of this practice for use with hazardous
D 6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized
materials has not been determined.
Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 6179 Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 6653 Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
3
2.2 Military Standards:
tionary statements are given in 1.1.
MIL-STD-2073-1 DOD Standard Practice for Military
2. Referenced Documents Packaging
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
D 642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resis-
3.1 Definitions— General definitions for the packaging and
tance of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit
distribution environments are found in Terminology D 996.
Loads
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D 880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Con-
3.2.1 acceptance criteria—the acceptable quality level that
tainers and Systems
must be met after the shipping unit has been subjected to the
D 951 Test Method for Water Resistance of Shipping Con-
test plan. See Section 7.
tainers by Spray Method
3.2.2 assurance level—the level of test intensity based on
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
its probability of occurring in a typical distribution cycle.
ments
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Level I is a high level of test intensity
D 999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping
andhasalowprobabilityofoccurrence.LevelIIIisalowlevel
Containers
of test intensity, but has a correspondingly high probability of
D 4003 Methods of Programmable Horizontal Impact Test
occurrence. Level II is between these extremes. For Distribu-
for Shipping Containers
tion Cycle 18, DC-18 see MIL–STD–2073–1 for definitions of
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
military levels of protection.
3.2.3 coeffıcient of restitution—the ratio of the rebound
1 velocity to the impact velocity.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packaging
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD10.21onShippingContainersand 3.2.4 distribution cycle (DC)—the sequential listing of the
Systems-Application of Performance Test Methods.
test schedules employed to simulate the hazard elements
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4169 – 04.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
the ASTM website. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4169–04a
expected to occur for a specific routing of a shipping unit from however, prohibit evaluating the influence of the container
production to consumption. See Table 1. closure on container performance.
3.2.5 feeder aircraft—small, potentially non-pressurized
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flat steel strapping and seals intended for use in closing, reinforcing, bundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, and bracing for carloading, truckloading, lifting, and lashing.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide1 covers information on flat strapping materials (steel and nonmetallic) for the prospective user wanting initial guidance in selecting a strapping material and information on suggested application methods for use in packaging (closing, reinforcing, baling, bundling, unitizing, or palletizing), and loading applications (load unitization and securement to transport vehicle). The use applies to handling, securement, storage, and distribution systems.  
1.2 Carrier associations have established certain packaging and loading requirements that (in some cases) specify the type of strap, the minimum size or strength, the type of joint or seal, and the number of straps, seals, and joints that must be used for particular types of shipments or under certain conditions. Users should consult with their carriers initially to determine if there are applicable published requirements. Individual carriers may establish their own requirements. (See 2.2.)  
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ASTM D4279-95(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Shipping Containers—Constant and Cycle Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are normally used for the following purposes:  
4.1.1 To evaluate materials and constructions for a specific type of container,  
4.1.2 To compare performance of different types of containers,  
4.1.3 To determine adequacy of protection for a specific product or application, and  
4.1.4 To maintain quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water vapor transmission rates for bulk shipping containers, as follows:  
1.1.1 Method A, for Reclosable Containers, and  
1.1.2 Method B, for Containers Not Designed for Reclosing.  
1.2 Within each procedure details are given for the constant and cycle methods of test atmosphere.  
1.3 The test may be applied to the container as packed, or after one or more performance tests such as drum (Method D782), vibration (Methods D999), drop (Test Method D5276), impact resistance (Test Methods D880, D4003, and D5277), or performance tests (Practice D4169), as required.  
1.4 For small shipping containers requiring greater accuracy in weighing, the water vapor transmission may be determined in accordance with Test Method D895 or Test Method D1251.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5168-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Fabrication and Closure of Triple-Wall Corrugated Fiberboard Containers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Triple-wall corrugated fiberboard containers are used to unitize products into containers of size and shape suitable for manual or mechanical handling and to protect the contents against environmental, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
4.2 This practice is intended to cover some of the basic constructions and styles of commercially available triple-wall fiberboard packaging used to unitize and protect contents.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the fabrication and closure of new triple-wall corrugated fiberboard containers.  
1.2 This practice indicates the factors and components that must be controlled in the manufacture of triple-wall fiberboard containers.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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