ASTM E487-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability Of Chemical Materials
Standard Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability Of Chemical Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the assessment of constant-temperature stability of chemical materials that undergo exothermic reactions. The techniques and apparatus described may be used on solids, liquids, or slurries of chemical substances.
1.2 This method is one of several developed by Committee E-27 for determining the hazards of chemical compounds and mixtures. This method is for use as a result of evidence of an exothermic reaction.
1.3 When a series of materials is tested by this method, the results permit ordering the materials relative to each other with respect to their thermal stability.
1.4 Limitations of Test :
1.4.1 This method is limited to ambient temperatures and above.
1.4.2 This method determines neither a safe storage temperature nor a safe processing temperature. Note 1-A safe storage or processing temperature requires that any heat produced by a reaction be removed as fast as generated and that proper consideration be given to hazards associated with reaction products.
1.4.3 When this method is used to order the relative thermal stability of materials, the tests must be run under the same confinement condition (see 7.3).
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health pratices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E 487 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Constant-Temperature Stability Of Chemical Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the assessment of constant- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperature stability of chemical materials that undergo exo- E 473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis
thermic reactions. The techniques and apparatus described may E 537 Test Method for Assesing the Thermal Stability of
be used on solids, liquids, or slurries of chemical substances. Chemicals by Methods of Thermal Analysis
1.2 When a series of materials is tested by this method, the E 967 Practice for Temperature Calibration of Differential
results permit ordering the materials relative to each other with Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Analyz-
respect to their thermal stability. ers
1.3 Limitations of Test: E 968 Practice for Heat Flow Calibration of Differntial
1.3.1 This test method is limited to ambient temperatures Scanning Calorimeters
and above. E 1445 Terminology Relating to Hazardous Potential of
1.3.2 This test method determines neither a safe storage Chemicals
temperature nor a safe processing temperature. E 1860 Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of
Thermal Analyzers
NOTE 1—A safe storage or processing temperature requires that any
heat produced by a reaction be removed as fast as generated and that
3. Terminology
proper consideration be given to hazards associated with reaction prod-
3.1 Definitions:
ucts.
3.2 constant-temperature stability (CTS) value—the maxi-
1.3.3 When this test method is used to order the relative
mum temperature at which a chemical compound or mixture
thermal stability of materials, the tests must be run under the
may be held for a 2–h period under the conditions imposed in
same confinement condition (see 8.3).
this test without exhibiting a measurable exothermic reaction.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.3 The specialized terms in this standard are described in
standard.
Terminologies E 473 and E1445.
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
4. Summary of Test Method
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
4.1 A sample of the chemical compound or mixture is
should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or
placed in a glass or metal tube which is heated to a test
fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
temperature of interest. The sample temperature and heat flow
conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
or the difference between the sample temperature and the
elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all
temperature of an inert reference material, are monitored over
of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire
a 2-h period or until an exothermic reaction is recorded. Test
hazard of a particular end use.
temperatures are decreased in 10°C intervals until no exother-
1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
mic reaction is observed in the 2-h test period.
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is NOTE 2—Test periods other than two 2 h may be used but shall be
reported
the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and
NOTE 3—The processing times in many industrial scale unit operations
establish appropriate safety and health pratices and determine
(for example, drying, distillations, and the like) normally significantly
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
exceed the 2 h time period in this CTS test procedure. Therefore, for the
effective application of the CTS data for industrial scale operations, the
CTS time must be extended to be greater than the processing time in the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-27on Hazard
actual operation.
Potential of Chemicalsand is the direct responsibility of E27.02on Thermal Stability
and Condensed Phases.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1999. Published February 2000. Originally
published as E 487 - 74.Last previous edition E 487 - 79(1992). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 487
5. Significance and Use experimenter should have some knowledge of the magnitude of
hazard associated with the material. Larger samples should be
5.1 This test method is a useful adjunct to dynamic thermal
used only after due consideration is given to the potential for
tests which are performed under conditions in which the
hazardous reaction. Thermodynamic calculations also can be
sample temperature is increased continuously at a programmed
used to determine the potential hazard.
rate. Results obtained under dynamic test conditions present
7.2 Special precautions should be taken to protect personnel
difficulties in determining the temperature at which an exo-
and equipment when the apparatus in use requires the insertion
therm initiates because onset temperature is dependent on
of samples into a heated block or furnace. These should include
heating rate. The test method described in the present standard
adequate shielding and ventilation of equipment, and face and
attempts to determine the onset temperature under isothermal
hand protection.
conditions where the heating rate is zero.
8. Sampling
6. Apparatus
8.1 Specimens should be representative of the material
6.1 The design and complexity of the apparatus required for
being studied and should be prepared to achieve good thermal
this method depends opon the size of the sample to be used. In
contact between the sample and container.
general, observance of an exothermic reaction in small samples
8.2 Specimen size depends upon the sensitivity of the
(less than 50 mg) is best done using differential thermal
available apparatus (see 11.1).
analysis or differential scanning calorimetry equipment and
techniques. Larger samples (up to 2 g) may be tested using a
NOTE 6—Specimen size of 4–7 mg is typically used in thermal analysis
Kuhner Micro CTS apparatus.
apparatus. The Kuhner Micro CTS uses up to2gof sample. For test
6.2 The following items are required to obtain the appro- specimen size greater than 1 g, record mass to 6 0.1g.
priate experimental data:
8.3 Specimens may be run in an unconfined or in a sealed
6.2.1 A test chamber composed of:
specimen container, depending upon which condition has the
6.2.1.1 Furnace(s), to provide uniform controlled heating of
more relevance for the end use of the data.
a specimen and reference to a
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