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ASTM G195-21

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser

Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test guide provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of material surfaces, and may be related to end-use performance, or used to comparatively rank material performance, or both. The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance as experienced in the actual use of the material. Other factors may need to be considered in any calculation of predicted life from specific abrasion data.  
5.2 The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions; type of abradant; pressure between the specimen and abradant; mounting or tension of the specimen; and type, kind, or amount of finishing materials.  
5.3 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during the course of specific tests. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the abrading wheel surface may change (that is, become clogged) due to the pick-up of finishing or other materials from test specimens. To reduce this variation, the abrading wheels should be resurfaced at regularly defined intervals. See Appendix X2.  
5.4 When evaluating resistance to abrasion of two or more coatings, other factors may need to be considered for an accurate comparison. Flexible coatings that include air entrainment bubbles may result in less mass loss. Coatings that include fillers may result in greater mass loss but have less change in coating thickness. Coatings that include aggregates or particulates may generate wear debris that is not removed by the vacuum and contribute to the break-down of the coating. Coatings that have a hardness value greater than the abrasive wheel may cause the abrasive wheel to break down faster and require more wear cycles to generate measureable wear. Examples of coatings that may be impacted include epoxies, polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA), poly...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and is intended to assist in establishing procedures for conducting wear tests of rigid or flexible materials utilizing the rotary platform abraser.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—Non-SI units are used when stating rotational speed.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2021
ICS
19.060 - Mechanical testing
Technical Committee
G02 - Wear and Erosion
Drafting Committee
G02.30 - Abrasive Wear
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G195 − 21
Standard Guide for
1
Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane
With Integral Wearing Surface
1.1 This guide covers and is intended to assist in establish-
C1353/C1353M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of
ing procedures for conducting wear tests of rigid or flexible
Dimension Stone Subjected to FootTraffic Using a Rotary
materials utilizing the rotary platform abraser.
Platform Abraser
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
C1803 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Mortar Surfaces
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
3
standard.
D154 Guide for Testing of Varnishes (Withdrawn 2018)
1.2.1 Exception—Non-SI units are used when stating rota-
D1044 Test Method for Resistance ofTransparent Plastics to
tional speed.
Surface Abrasion by the Taber Abraser
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the and Related Products
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D2205 Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- D3389 Test Method for Coated FabricsAbrasion Resistance
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(Rotary Platform Abrader)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- D3451 Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Coatings
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the D3489 Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane Materials
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Archi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical tectural Wall Coatings
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
D3794 Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
D3884 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics
2. Referenced Documents
(Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
2
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
B607 Specification forAutocatalytic Nickel Boron Coatings
D4685/D4685M Test Method for Pile Fabric Abrasion
for Engineering Use
D4712 Guide for Testing Industrial Water-Reducible Coat-
B733 Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-
3
ings (Withdrawn 2014)
Phosphorus Coatings on Metal
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
B893 Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
for Engineering Applications
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
C501 Test Method for Relative Resistance to Wear of
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
Unglazed Ceramic Tile by the Taber Abraser
D5144 Guide for Use of Protective Coating Standards in
C744 Specification for Prefaced Concrete and Calcium Sili-
Nuclear Power Plants
cate Masonry Units
D5146 Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coat-
C957/C957M Specification for High-Solids Content, Cold
ings
D5324 Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coat-
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and ings
Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive Wear.
D6037 Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
High Gloss Coatings
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as G195 – 18. DOI:
D7255 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Leather
10.1520/G0195-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G195 − 21
(Rotary Platform, Abraser Method) end-use performance, or used to comparatively rank material
E1795 Specification for Non-Reinforced Liquid Coating En- performance, or both. The resistance of material surfaces to
capsulation Products for Leaded Pai
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G195 − 18 G195 − 21
Standard Guide for
1
Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers and is intended to assist in establishing procedures for conducting wear tests of rigid or flexible materials
utilizing the rotary platform abraser.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Inch-poundNon-SI units are used when stating rotational speed and determining coating thickness.speed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B607 Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel Boron Coatings for Engineering Use
B733 Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings on Metal
B893 Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering Applications
C501 Test Method for Relative Resistance to Wear of Unglazed Ceramic Tile by the Taber Abraser
C744 Specification for Prefaced Concrete and Calcium Silicate Masonry Units
C957/C957M Specification for High-Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane With Integral
Wearing Surface
C1353/C1353M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary Platform
Abraser
C1803 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Mortar Surfaces Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
3
D154 Guide for Testing of Varnishes (Withdrawn 2018)
D1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion by the Taber Abraser
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
D2205 Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
D3389 Test Method for Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary Platform Abrader)
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive Wear.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018Nov. 1, 2021. Published October 2018November 2021. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20132018
as G195 – 13a.G195 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/G0195-18.10.1520/G0195-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G195 − 21
D3451 Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
D3489 Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane Materials
D3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
D3794 Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
D3884 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
D4685/D4685M Test Method for Pile Fabric Abrasion
3
D4712 Guide for Testing Industrial Water-Reducible Coatings (Withdrawn 2014)
D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
D5144 Guide for Use of Protective Coating Standards in Nuclear Power Plants
D5146 Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
D5324 Guide for Testing Water-Borne Archit
...

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Standard Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastics to Sliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear Test—Cumulative Wear Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The significance of this test method in any overall measurement program directed toward a service application will depend on the relative match of test conditions to the conditions of the service application.  
5.2 This test method prescribes the test procedure and method of calculating and reporting data for determining the sliding wear resistance of plastics, using cumulative volume loss.  
5.3 The intended use of this test is for coarse screening of plastics in terms of their resistance to sliding wear.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the resistance of plastics to sliding wear. The test utilizes a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine to rank plastics according to their sliding wear characteristics against metals or other solids.  
1.2 An important attribute of this test is that it is very flexible. Any material that can be fabricated into, or applied to, blocks and rings can be tested. Thus, the potential materials combinations are endless. In addition, the test can be run with different gaseous atmospheres and elevated temperatures, as desired, to simulate service conditions.  
1.3 Wear test results are reported as the volume loss in cubic millimetres for the block and ring. Materials of higher wear resistance will have lower volume loss.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM G137-97(2017)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastic Materials to Sliding Wear Using a Block-On-Ring Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific wear rates determined by this test method can be used as a guide in ranking the wear resistance of plastic materials. The specific wear rate is not a material property and will therefore differ with test conditions and test geometries. The significance of this test will depend on the relative similarity to the actual service conditions.  
5.2 This test method seeks only to describe the general test procedure and the procedure for calculating and reporting data.
Note 2: This test configuration allows steady state specific wear rates to be achieved very quickly through the use of high loads and speeds. The thrust washer configuration described in Test Method D3702 does not allow for the use of such high speeds and loads because of possible overheating (which may cause degradation or melting, or both) of the specimen. Despite the differences in testing configurations, a good correlation in the ranking of wear resistance is achieved between the two tests (Table X2.1).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure to measure the resistance of plastic materials under dry sliding conditions. The test utilizes a block-on-ring geometry to rank materials according to their sliding wear characteristics under various conditions.  
1.2 The test specimens are small so that they can be molded or cut from fabricated plastic parts. The test may be run at the load, velocity, and temperature which simulate the service condition.  
1.3 Wear test results are reported as specific wear rates calculated from volume loss, sliding distance, and load. Materials with superior wear resistance have lower specific wear rates.  
1.4 This test method allows the use of both single- and multi-station apparatus to determine the specific wear rates.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1049-85(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Cycle Counting in Fatigue Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Cycle counting is used to summarize (often lengthy) irregular load-versus-time histories by providing the number of times cycles of various sizes occur. The definition of a cycle varies with the method of cycle counting. These practices cover the procedures used to obtain cycle counts by various methods, including level-crossing counting, peak counting, simple-range counting, range-pair counting, and rainflow counting. Cycle counts can be made for time histories of force, stress, strain, torque, acceleration, deflection, or other loading parameters of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices are a compilation of acceptable procedures for cycle-counting methods employed in fatigue analysis. This standard does not intend to recommend a particular method.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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