ASTM D5996-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Anionic Contaminants in High-Purity Water by On-Line Ion Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Measuring Anionic Contaminants in High-Purity Water by On-Line Ion Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In the power-generation industry, high-purity water is used to reduce corrosion from anions, such as sulfate, chloride, and fluoride. These anions are known to be detrimental to materials of construction used in steam generators, reactor vessel internals and recirculation piping, heat exchangers, connective piping, and turbines. Most electric generating plants try to control these anions to
5.2 These anions and others cause low product yields in semiconductor manufacturing. They are also monitored and controlled at similarly low levels as in the electric power industry.
5.3 Low molecular weight organic acids (acetate, formate, propionate) have been detected in steam generator feed water. These low molecular weight organic materials are believed to be high-temperature degradation products of chemicals used to control cycle water pH and organic contaminants in cycle makeup water.
5.4 In the semiconductor industry, anion contaminants may come from the breakdown of low molecular weight organic materials by ultraviolet light radiation, which is frequently used to produce bacteria-free water. These organic compounds may also contribute to low product yield.
5.5 The production of high-purity water for process makeup and use frequently employs the use of demineralizers to remove unwanted anion contaminants. Also in the electric power industry, demineralizers are used in the process stream to maintain low levels of these contaminants. As such, it is important to monitor this process to ensure that water quality standards are being met. These processes can be monitored for the above-mentioned anions.
5.6 On-line measurements of these contaminants provide a greater degree of protection of the processes by allowing for frequent on-line measurement of these species. Early detection of contaminant ingress allows for quicker corrective action to locate, reduce, or eliminate, or combination thereof, the source. Grab samples will not provide the same level of pro...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers on-line analysis of high-purity water by the ion chromatography technique. This test method is applicable for measuring various anionic contaminants in high-purity water, typically in the range of 0.01 to 100 μg/L. This test method is used to determine the concentration of acetate, formate, chloride, fluoride, phosphate, nitrate, and sulfate in a continuously flowing sample. The range of the test method is only as good as the reagent water available for preparing standards. At extremely low concentrations,
1.2 Online sample analysis of flowing streams does not lend itself to collaborative studies due to the nature of the sample and the possibility of contamination that may result from handling the sample as part of the collaborative study. Therefore this standard test method is not based on the results of a collaborative study but is intended to provide the best possible guidance for doing this type of analysis.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5996 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Anionic Contaminants in High-Purity Water by
1
On-Line Ion Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5996; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers on-line analysis of high-purity
D1066Practice for Sampling Steam
water by the ion chromatography technique. This test method
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
is applicable for measuring various anionic contaminants in
D1192Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam
high-purity water, typically in the range of 0.01 to 100 µg/L.
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in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)
This test method is used to determine the concentration of
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
acetate, formate, chloride, fluoride, phosphate, nitrate, and
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
sulfate in a continuously flowing sample.The range of the test
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
method is only as good as the reagent water available for
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
preparing standards. At extremely low concentrations, <1.0
D3864Guide for On-Line Monitoring Systems for Water
µg/L, preparing standards is difficult, and extra care must be
Analysis
taken in their preparation. The sample may have to be
D4453Practice for Handling of High Purity Water Samples
conditioned from higher pressures and temperatures to condi-
D5542Test Methods for TraceAnions in High Purity Water
tions that are suitable for use by on-line instruments.
by Ion Chromatography
D5810Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
1.2 Onlinesampleanalysisofflowingstreamsdoesnotlend
itself to collaborative studies due to the nature of the sample D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
and the possibility of contamination that may result from
handling the sample as part of the collaborative study. There-
3. Terminology
fore this standard test method is not based on the results of a
3.1 Definitions:
collaborative study but is intended to provide the best possible
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
guidance for doing this type of analysis.
Terminology D1129.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.1 analytical column, n—a column used to separate the
standard.
anions of interest.
3.2.2 analytical column set, n—a combination of one or
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
more guard columns followed by one or more analytical
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
columns.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.3 anion suppressor device, n—a device that is placed
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
between the analytical columns and the detector.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Its purpose is to inhibit detector re-
sponsetotheionicconstituentsintheeluant,soastolowerthe
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
2
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Water-Formed Deposits,Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5996–05 (2009). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D5996-16. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5996 − 16
detector background and at the same time enhance detector 5.2 These anions and others cause low product yields in
response to the ions of interest. semiconductor manufacturing. They are also monitored and
controlled at similarly low levels as in the electric power
3.2.4 breakthrough vol
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5996 − 05 (Reapproved 2009) D5996 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Anionic Contaminants in High-Purity Water by
1
On-Line Ion Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5996; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers on-line analysis of high-purity water by the ion chromatography technique. This test method is
applicable for measuring various anionic contaminants in high-purity water, typically in the range of 0.01 to 100 μg/L. This test
method is used to determine the concentration of acetate, formate, chloride, fluoride, phosphate, nitrate, and sulfate in a
continuously flowing sample. The range of the test method is only as good as the reagent water available for preparing standards.
At extremely low concentrations, <1.0 μg/L, preparing standards is difficult, and extra care must be taken in their preparation. The
sample may have to be conditioned from higher pressures and temperatures to conditions that are suitable for use by on-line
instruments.
1.2 Online sample analysis of flowing streams does not lend itself to collaborative studies due to the nature of the sample and
the possibility of contamination that may result from handling the sample as part of the collaborative study. Therefore this standard
test method is not based on the results of a collaborative study but is intended to provide the best possible guidance for doing this
type of analysis.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3
D1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3864 Guide for On-Line Monitoring Systems for Water Analysis
D4453 Practice for Handling of High Purity Water Samples
D5542 Test Methods for Trace Anions in High Purity Water by Ion Chromatography
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009Feb. 15, 2016. Published November 2009June 2016. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20052009 as
D5996 – 05.D5996 – 05 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/D5996-05R09.10.1520/D5996-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5996 − 16
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 analytical column, n—a column used to separate the anions of interest.
3.2.2 analytical column set, n—a combination of one or more guard columns followed by one or more analytical columns.
3.2.3 anion suppressor device, n—a device that is placed between the analytical columns and the detector. Its purpose is to
inh
...
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