ASTM F2269-11
(Guide)Standard Guide for Maintaining Warm Season Turfgrasses on Athletic Fields
Standard Guide for Maintaining Warm Season Turfgrasses on Athletic Fields
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A dense, uniform stand of turfgrass on a playing surface improves the playing quality and safety of the field by providing firm footing for the athletes and by cushioning their impact from falls, tackles or slides. These standards are the minimum inputs required to provide such a surface. Various published guides have been used in the development of this standard (1-8).
Field conditions may directly influence the frequency and type of athletic injuries occurring as a result of using the fields. While these standards do not guarantee that such injuries will be prevented, a well maintained turf on a natural playing surface should minimize field-related injuries.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the minimum requirements for maintaining warm-season turfgrasses used for natural surface athletic fields. Practices covered include mowing, fertilization, irrigation, core cultivation, winter overseeding, pest management, and requirements for management of dormant turf winter overseeded with cool-season turf (see also Guide F2060).
1.2 The decisions involved in maintaining a quality natural playing surface should consider soil types, local climate and other factors. Therefore, it is recommended that you contact your local cooperative extension service for more specific information on soils, and grass species and cultivars adapted to your area.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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Designation: F2269 − 11 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Maintaining Warm Season Turfgrasses on Athletic Fields
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2269; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 Except as noted, soil-related and turfgrass-related
definitions are in accordance with Terminology F2651.
1.1 This guide covers the minimum requirements for main-
taining warm-season turfgrasses used for natural surface ath-
4. Significance and Use
letic fields. Practices covered include mowing, fertilization,
4.1 Adense, uniform stand of turfgrass on a playing surface
irrigation, core cultivation, winter overseeding, pest
improves the playing quality and safety of the field by
management, and requirements for management of dormant
providing firm footing for the athletes and by cushioning their
turf winter overseeded with cool-season turf (see also Guide
impact from falls, tackles or slides. These standards are the
F2060).
minimum inputs required to provide such a surface. Various
1.2 The decisions involved in maintaining a quality natural
published guides have been used in the development of this
playing surface should consider soil types, local climate and 3
standard (1-8).
other factors. Therefore, it is recommended that you contact
4.2 Field conditions may directly influence the frequency
your local cooperative extension service for more specific
and type of athletic injuries occurring as a result of using the
information on soils, and grass species and cultivars adapted to
fields.Whilethesestandardsdonotguaranteethatsuchinjuries
your area.
will be prevented, a well maintained turf on a natural playing
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
surface should minimize field-related injuries.
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
5. Apparatus
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
5.1 General—Experience and good judgment are important
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its to match the proper type of equipment to the nature of the task
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
to be performed.
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter- 5.1.1 Mowing Equipment—Mower types include reel,
mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
rotary, and flail; although the latter type is not recommended
for fine playing surfaces. A reel mower should be used for
2. Referenced Documents
playingsurfacesrequiringmowingatlessthan2.5cm(1.0in.).
2
Mower blades should always be kept sharp and properly
2.1 ASTM Standards:
adjusted in accordance to manufacturer’s recommendations.
F2060 Guide for Maintaining Cool Season Turfgrasses on
Mowing equipment should be operated in a speed range
Athletic Fields
(ground and engine speed) consistent with the manufacturer’s
F2651 Terminology Relating to Soil and Turfgrass Charac-
recommendation.
teristics of Natural Playing Surfaces
5.1.2 Spreaders—Spreaders are necessary if dry fertilizer or
pest control materials are to be applied. Spreader types may
3. Terminology
include drop, rotary (centrifugal, spinner), or oscillating.
3.1 Definitions:
Spreaders should be calibrated to deliver the desired, labeled,
or recommended rate of fertilizer or pest control product being
applied.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports 5.1.3 Sprayers—Sprayers are necessary if liquid fertilizers
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
or pest control materials are to be applied. Low pressure
Subcommittee F08.64 on Natural Playing Surfaces.
systems are recommended. Sprayers should be calibrated to
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2011.PublishedJuly2011.Originallyapproved
deliver the desired, labeled, or recommended rate of fertilizer
in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2269 – 03. DOI: 10.1520/
F2269-11.
or pest control product being applied.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2269 − 11
5.1.4 Core Cultivators—Core cul
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:F2269–03 Designation:F2269–11
Standard Guide for
1
Maintaining Warm Season Turfgrasses on Athletic Fields
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2269; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the minimum requirements for maintaining warm-season turfgrasses used for natural surface athletic
fields. Practices covered include mowing, fertilization, irrigation, core cultivation, winter overseeding, pest management, and
requirements for management of dormant turf winter overseeded with cool-season turf (see also Guide F2060).
1.2 The decisions involved in maintaining a quality natural playing surface should consider soil types, local climate and other
factors. Therefore, it is recommended that you contact your local cooperative extension service for more specific information on
soils, and grass species and cultivars adapted to your area.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F2060 Guide for Maintaining Cool Season Turfgrasses on Athletic Fields Guide for Maintaining Cool Season Turfgrasses on
Athletic Fields
F2651 Terminology Relating to Soil and Turfgrass Characteristics of Natural Playing Surfaces
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1athletic field—a field constructed and utilized for conduct of various organized sporting events.
3.1.2overseeding—the practice of seeding a turfgrass into a turf area that has an established turfgrass.
3.1.3thatch—an accumulation of undecomposed organic matter that can form at the soil surface in a turf.
3.1.3.1Discussion—Excessive thatch is not normally a problem found on heavily used athletic fields that are properly
maintained. It excessive thatch does occur, it may be removed or controlled by the practice of vermicutting.
3.1.4warm-season turfgrasses—grass species widely adapted to warm temperate climates. Some species persist and are used in
cool humid to cool sub-humid climates; referred to as a transition zone. Warm-season species commonly used for natural playing
surfaces include hybrid bermudagrass, common bermudagrass, seashore paspalum, zoysiagrass, and kikuyagrass, and these turfs
may be overseeded with a cool-season turf such as annual or perennial ryegrass in the winter months. Note that the use of
kikuyagrass as a turf on athletic fields is not generally recommended. Kikuyagrass is included in this standard because despite its
shortcomings as an athletic turfgrass, many athletic field managers are managing kikuyagrass athletic fields as it is an invasive,
volunteer species. In some countries kikuyagrass is considered a noxious weed and its intentional use or planting may be banned.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Except as noted, soil-related and turfgrass-related definitions are in accordance with Terminology F2651.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 A dense, uniform stand of turfgrass on a playing surface improves the playing quality and safety of the field by providing
firm footing for the athletes and by cushioning their impact from falls, tackles or slides. These standards are the minimum inputs
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.64 on Natural
Playing Surfaces.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published June 2003. DOI: 10.1520/F2269-03.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2269 – 03. DOI: 10.1520/F2269-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
...
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