ASTM F1120-87(1998)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Circular Metallic Bellows Type Expansion Joints for Piping Applications
Standard Specification for Circular Metallic Bellows Type Expansion Joints for Piping Applications
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for the mechanical design, manufacture, inspection, and testing of circular metallic bellows type expansion joints used to absorb the dimensional changes resulting from piping thermal expansion or contraction, as well as the movement of terminal equipment and supporting structures.
1.2 Additional or better features, over and above the minimum requirements set by this specification, are not prohibited by this specification.
1.3 The layout of many piping systems provides inherent flexibility through natural changes in direction so that any displacements produce primarily bending or torsional strains, within acceptable limits. Where the system lacks this inherent flexibility the designer should then consider adding flexibility through the use of metallic bellows type expansion joints.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
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Designation:F 1120–87 (Reapproved 1998) AnAmerican National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTINGAND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA19428
Reprinted from theAnnual Book ofASTM Standards. CopyrightASTM
Standard Specification for
Circular Metallic Bellows Type Expansion Joints for Piping
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1120; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ES-3 Fabrication Tolerances
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum require-
3. Terminology Definitions
ments for the mechanical design, manufacture, inspection, and
3.1 Expansion joint definitions shall be in accordance with
testing of circular metallic bellows-type expansion joints used
those in the EJMA standards.
to absorb the dimensional changes resulting from piping
3.2 double expansion joint—expansion joint consisting of
thermal expansion or contraction, as well as the movement of
two bellows joined by a common connector.
terminal equipment and supporting structures.
3.3 Discussion—The common connector is anchored to
1.2 Additional or better features, over and above the mini-
some rigid part of the installation by means of an anchor base.
mum requirements set by this specification, are not prohibited
The anchor base may be attached to the common connector
by this specification.
either at installation or at time of manufacture. Each bellows
1.3 The layout of many piping systems provides inherent
acts as a single expansion joint and absorbs the movement of
flexibility through natural changes in direction so that any
the pipe section in which it is installed independently of the
displacements produce primarily bending or torsional strains,
other bellows.
within acceptable limits. Where the system lacks this inherent
3.4 gimbal expansion joint—expansion joint designed to
flexibility the designer should then consider adding flexibility
permit angular rotation in any plane by the use of two pairs of
through the use of metallic bellows-type expansion joints.
hinges affixed to a common floating gimbal ring.
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
3.5 Discussion—The gimbal ring, hinges, and pins are
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
designed to restrain the thrust of the expansion joint as a result
information only.
of internal pressure and extraneous forces, where applicable.
2. Referenced Documents 3.6 hinged expansion joint—expansion joint containing one
bellowdesignedtopermitangularrotationinoneplaneonlyby
2.1 ANSI Standards:
the use of a pair of pins through hinge plates attached to the
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
expansion joint ends.
B16.25 Butt Welding Ends
3.7 Discussion—The hinges and hinge pins are designed to
B31.1 Power Piping Code
restrain the thrust of the expansion joint as a result of internal
2.2 ASME Standards:
pressure and extraneous forces. Hinged expansion joints
Section VIII, Division 1, Pressure Vessels
should be used in sets of two or three to function properly.
Section IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications
3.8 pressure balanced expansion joint—expansion joint de-
2.3 EJMA Standard:
signed to absorb axial movement or lateral deflection, or both,
Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s Associa-
while restraining the pressure thrust by means of tie devices
tion
interconnecting the flow bellows with an opposed bellows also
2.4 Pipe Fabrication Institute Standard:
subjected to line pressure.
3.9 Discussion—Thistypeofexpansionjointisintendedfor
use where a change of direction occurs in a run of piping. The
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F-25 on Ships flow end of a pressure balanced expansion joint sometimes
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.13 on
contains two bellows separated by a common connector, in
Piping Systems.
which case it is called a universal pressure balanced expansion
Current edition approved Dec. 31, 1987. Published February 1988.
joint.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
3.10 single expansion joint—simplest form of expansion
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
joint, consisting of single bellows construction, designed to
New York, NY10017.
Available from Expansion Joint Manufacturer’sAssociation, 25 N. Broadway,
Tarrytown, NY10591. The Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s
Association are a collection of standards developed by this industry and published Available from Pipe Fabrication Institute, 1326 Freeport Rd., Pittsburgh,
in one volume, herein called EJMA Standards. PA15238.
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F 1120
absorballmovementofthepipesectioninwhichitisinstalled. flanged, threaded, or others to match the mating piping or
3.11 swing expansion joint—expansion joint designed to terminal equipment.
4.2.12 Accessories—Specify what accessories are required
absorb lateral deflection or angular rotation, or both, in one
plane. and the conditions under which they operate. Consider items
such as insulation lugs, tie, limit, or control rods, pantographic
3.12 Discussion—Pressure thrust and extraneous forces are
restrained by the use of a pair of swing bars, each of which is linkages, trunions, gimbals, drains, purge connections, anchor
bases, and interply monitoring devices.
pinned to the expansion joint ends.
4.2.13 Dimensional Limitations—If space limitations exist,
3.13 universal expansion joint—expansion joint containing
specify the maximum overall length, maximum outside diam-
two bellows joined by a common connector for the purpose of
eter, minimum inside diameter, and installation tolerances.
absorbing any combination of axial movement, lateral deflec-
4.2.14 Operating Forces—Specify calculated bellows
tion, and angular rotation.
spring forces and pressure thrust forces if they are required for
3.14 Discussion—Universal expansion joints are usually
subsequent anchor design or other piping systems analysis. If
furnishedwithcontrolrodstodistributethemovementbetween
there are maximum allowable values, these must also be
the two bellows of the expansion joint and stabilize the
specified.
common connector.
4.2.15 Installation Position—horizontal, vertical (flow up
or down). Specify if liner drainage holes are required.
4. Ordering Information
4.2.16 Cycle Life Requirements—Specify an anticipated
4.1 An expansion joint is a unique product and must be
number of thermal cycles over the intended life of the
specifically designed for the intended service. It is the respon-
expansion joint.
sibility of the piping system designer to supply sufficient
4.2.17 Testing Requirements—Specify testing requirements
engineering data necessary for the complete design. The
inadditiontothehydrostatictestrequiredby9.4(forexample,
information compiled by the piping system designer must be
vacuum testing, testing at operating temperature).
completeandcontainallpertinentdatadetailingtheconditions
4.2.18 Inspection Requirements—Specify inspection re-
under which the expansion joint is expected to operate.
quirements in addition to the inspection required by Section 9
4.2 Orders for each expansion joint shall include the fol-
(that is, radiographic, fluorescent penetrant, or mass spectrom-
lowing information:
eter).
4.2.1 Title, designation number, and latest revision of this
4.2.19 Piping Code Requirements—Specify any piping or
specification.
design code that must be used as the basis for design in
4.2.2 Size—The nominal pipe diameter or specific ducting
addition to those specified in 5.2.
diameter.
4.2.20 Special Requirements—Specify the magnitude of
4.2.3 Type of Expansion Joint—single, double, universal,
specialsystemconditionssuchasvibration,shock,orhydraulic
guided, hinged, gimbal, swing, or pressure balanced.
surge.
4.2.4 Flow Characteristics:
4.2.21 Shipping Requirements—Specify whether special
4.2.4.1 Flow Medium—indicate whether the medium is gas
packing is required including protection for extended outside
or liquid.
storage, export handling, or special lifting considerations for
4.2.4.2 Flow velocity, medium density, or viscosity, or
heavy or large assemblies.
combination thereof.
4.2.22 PipingDrawing—Inadditiontospecifyingtheabove
4.2.4.3 Flow direction.
information it would be beneficial to provide a drawing of the
4.2.5 Pressure in psig (N/mm )—design, operating, and test
proposed piping system.
pressures.
4.2.23 Supplementary Requirements—Specify any addi-
4.2.6 Temperaturein°F(°C)—design,operating,andinstal-
tional requirements not identified herein.
lation temperatures.
4.3 Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 should be used as a guide in ordering
4.2.7 Movement—axial (extension, compression); lateral
expansion joints to this specification.
(single plane, multiplane); angular; torsional (to be avoided).
5. Materials and Manufacture
Differentiate between start-up, operational, or field installation
tolerance movements.
5.1 Materials:
4.2.8 Materials—Material types (including that for the bel-
5.1.1 Pressure-containing parts shall be manufactured from
lows) shall be specified by the purchaser (see 5.1 for material
material specifications and grades listed in Section VIII,
restrictions).
Division1,oftheASMECodeorANSIB31.1.Endconnection
4.2.9 Internal Liner—Liner shall be specified when needed
material shall have in service properties similar to the bellows
because of flow velocity or other flow conditions. Specific
material. Flanges shall meet ANSI B16.5.
criteria for liners is shown in Section C-3 of the EJMA 5.1.2 All other materials of construction shall be of the type
Standards (see 6.6).
specified by the user and shall conform to anASTM orASME
4.2.10 External Cover—To protect personnel having close material specification. Materials not identified by the ordering
accesstothebellows,whenthermalinsulationistobeaddedin
data shall be of the manufacturer’s standard and of the same
the field, or when external mechanical damage is possible (see quality used for the intended purpose in commercial practice.
6.5).
5.1.3 Materials used shall be free from defects that would
4.2.11 End Fittings—The type of end connections such as adversely affect the performance of the expansion joint.
F 1120
FIG. 1 Standard Expansion Joint Specification Sheet
F 1120
FIG. 2 Supplemental Specification Sheet (To Be Used With Standard Expansion Joint Specification Sheet)
5.1.4 All material incorporated in the work covered by this is not allowed under this specification.
specification shall be new. The use of rebuilt or used products 5.1.5 Materials for hinge or gimbal hardware, or other
F 1120
sliding parts, shall be chosen to minimize galling of the 8. Workmanship, Finish, andAppearance
contacting parts.
8.1 The quality of workmanship shall be such as to produce
5.2 Manufacture:
a product that is in accordance with the requirements of this
5.2.1 Expansion joints shall be designed and fabricated in
specification and ensures the proper functioning of all parts of
accordancewithrequirementssetforthintheorderingdataand
the unit.
the EJMA Standards.
8.2 The bellows shall be manufactured and carefully
5.2.2 Nonstandard flanges shall be designed and fabricated
handled to prevent surface flaws or deep scratches from being
in accordance withAppendix 2 of Section VIII, Division 1, of
generated.Thesurfaceconditionofthecompletedjointassem-
the ASME Code. Flanges machined from plate shall not be
bly shall be free from injurious surface discontinuities and any
used at pressures exceeding 150 psi (1034 kPa) and tempera-
contaminants that would affect the operation of the assembly.
tures exceeding 450°F (232°C). Hubbed flanges machined
8.3 On completion of fabrication, and before shipment, the
from plate or bar stock shall meet the requirements of
manufacturer shall clean the inside and outside of the com-
Appendix 2, Paragraph 2-2(d) of Section VIII, Division 1, of
pleted assembly of all loose scale, grease, dirt, sand, rust, weld
the ASME Code.
spatter, cutting chips, and any other foreign matter by any
5.2.3 All welding shall be accomplished in accordance with
suitable means. The inside of the assembly shall then be
ANSI B 31.1.
inspected for cleanliness.All openings where practicable shall
5.2.4 Welding personnel and welding procedures shall be
be suitably closed to prevent the entrance of foreign matter
qualified in accordance with the applicable sections of Section
after cleaning and during shipment. The use of chlorinated
IX of the ASME Code.
solvents is prohibited.
5.2.5 All fabrication details not covered by the referenced
codes and standards shall be taken from the appropriateANSI
9. Inspection
standard. If no standard applies, accepted industry practice
shall govern. 9.1 The responsibility for quality control rests with the
5.2.6 Thebellowsshallbeoftestedandprovenconvolution
manufacturer. However, all phases of fabrication may be
geometry. subject to review by a representative of the purchaser.
9.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have
6. Other Requirements
accessatalltimes,whileworkonthecontractofthepurchaser
isbeingperformed,toallpartsofthemanufacturer’splantthat
6.1 The details of design, material supply, fabrication, and
concernthemanufactureoftheproductordered.Themanufac-
testing of the complete product are the responsibility of the
turershallaffordtheinspectorallreasonablefacilitiestosatisfy
manufacturer unless specific details are requested by the
the inspector that the product is being furnished in accordance
purchaser.
with this specification. Inspection shall be made at the place of
6.2 The specified normal operating movements (axial, lat-
manufacture before shipment, unless otherwise specified, and
eral,andangular)shallbeavailableconcurrently.Thespecified
shall be scheduled not to interfere unnecessarily with the
lateralandangularmovementsshallbeavailableoneitherside
operations of the manufacturer. This requirement applies to all
of the expansion joint centerline.
subcontractors.
6.3 Internal sleeves, external covers, and all attached hard-
ware shall be constructed so as not to interfere with adjacent 9.2.1 Acceptanceofapa
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