ASTM D4418-00(2011)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for
Gas Turbines
Standard Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for<br> Gas Turbines
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides the user of gas turbine fuel oils and the designer of gas turbine fuel systems with an appreciation of the effects of fuel contaminants and general methods of controlling such contaminants in gas turbine fuel systems.
This practice is general in nature and should not be considered a substitute for any requirement imposed by warranty of the gas turbine manufacturer, or by federal, state, or local government regulations.
Although it cannot replace a knowledge of local conditions or the use of good engineering and scientific judgment, this practice does provide guidance in development of individual fuel management systems for the gas turbine user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the receipt, storage, and handling of fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft. It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances in a fuel that could cause deterioration of either the fuel system, or the gas turbine, or both.
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selection of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D2880, or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D4418 − 00(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practice for
Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for
1
Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 Thispracticecoversthereceipt,storage,andhandlingof
D6469 GuideforMicrobialContaminationinFuelsandFuel
fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft.
Systems
It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances
inafuelthatcouldcausedeteriorationofeitherthefuelsystem,
3. Terminology
or the gas turbine, or both.
3.1 fuel entering the combustor(s)—this term is used to
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selec-
designate the fuel that is actually burned in the gas turbine.
tion of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D2880,
Fuel may actually be sampled at a point upstream from the
or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For
point of entry into the combustor(s), provided the sample is
example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage
representative of the fuel actually entering the combustor(s).
tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for
dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
3.2 fuel contaminants—in principle, are any fuel component
other than hydrocarbon oils. In the present context the con-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
taminants are foreign materials that make the fuel less suitable
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
or even unsuitable for the intended use. The contaminants of
only.
primary interest are foreign materials introduced subsequent to
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the manufacture of specification quality fuel. Hence they are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
materials introduced in the distribution system (that is storage
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tanks, pipelines, tank, trucks, barges, etc.), or in the user’s
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
storage and handling systems, or generated within these
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
systems (rust generated in steel pipes and tanks by moist fuel,
etc.). Contaminants may be soluble or insoluble in the fuel.
2. Referenced Documents
2
3.3 dissolved and free water—water may be present in the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fuel as dissolved water or as “free” (undissolved) water, or
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
both. The free water may be fresh or saline. Fresh water may
(ASTM Color Scale)
enter the fuel from steam coils in storage tanks, from conden-
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
sation out of moisture-laden air, or from leaking cooling coils.
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
Saline water can enter the fuel during transportation in barges
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel
or tankers.
Oil (Accelerated Method)
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation
3.4 particulate solids—may enter a fuel from the air (sus-
Fuel by Line Sampling
pended dirt and aerosols) or from the distribution and storage
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
systems (rust, corrosion products, gasket debris, and so forth).
3.5 metallic compounds—metals may be present as metallic
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
compounds in the fuel as a natural result of the composition of
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
the crude oil and of the refining process. However, unless
mittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
special precautions are taken, additional metallic compounds
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originally
can be acquired during distribution and storage.Acommercial
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4418 – 00(2006).
DOI: 10.1520/D4418-00R11.
product pipeline may contain residues of lead-containing
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
gasoline that would then be dissolved by the gas turbine fuel.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Tank trucks, railroad tankcars, barges, and tankers may be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. inadequ
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