ASTM D4582-10

Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis (Withdrawn 2019)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In the design and operation of reverse osmosis installations, it is important to predict the calcium carbonate scaling properties of the concentrate stream. Because of the increase in total dissolved solids in the concentrate stream and the differences in salt passages for calcium ion, bicarbonate ion, and free CO2, the calcium carbonate scaling properties of the concentrate stream will generally be quite different from those of the feed solution. This practice permits the calculation of the S & DSI for the concentrate stream from the feed water analyses and the reverse osmosis operating parameters.
A positive S & DSI indicates the tendency to form a calcium carbonate scale, which can be damaging to reverse osmosis performance. This practice gives procedures for the adjustment of the S & DSI.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calculation and adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index (S & DSI) for the concentrate stream of a reverse osmosis device. This index is used to determine the need for calcium carbonate scale control in the operation and design of reverse osmosis installations. This practice is applicable for concentrate streams containing more than 10 000 mg/L of total dissolved solids. For concentrate streams containing less than 10 000 mg/L of total dissolved solids, refer to Practice D3739.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2010
• ICS: 71.120.99 - Other equipment for the chemical industry
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4582 − 10
Standard Practice for
Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability
1
Index for Reverse Osmosis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4582; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D6161TerminologyUsedforMicrofiltration,Ultrafiltration,
Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
1.1 This practice covers the calculation and adjustment of
the Stiff and Davis Stability Index (S & DSI) for the concen-
3. Terminology
trate stream of a reverse osmosis device. This index is used to
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in the
determine the need for calcium carbonate scale control in the
practice, refer to Terminologies D1129 and D6161.
operation and design of reverse osmosis installations. This
practice is applicable for concentrate streams containing more
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
than 10000 mg/L of total dissolved solids. For concentrate
3.2.1 For description of terms relating to reverse osmosis,
streams containing less than 10000 mg/L of total dissolved
refer to Test Methods D4194.
4
solids, refer to Practice D3739.
3.2.2 Stiff and Davis Stability Index (S & DSI) —an index
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the calculated from total dissolved solids, calcium concentration,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the total alkalinity, pH, and solution temperature that shows the
tendency of a water solution to precipitate or dissolve calcium
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- carbonate.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Practice
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 This practice consists of calculating the S & DSI index
2
for a reverse osmosis concentrate stream from the total
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dissolved solids, calcium ion content, total alkalinity, pH, and
D511Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Water
temperatureofthefeedsolutionandtherecoveryofthereverse
D1067Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
osmosis system.
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
D1293Test Methods for pH of Water
4.2 This practice also presents techniques to lower the S &
D1888MethodsOfTestforParticulateandDissolvedMatter
DSI by decreasing the recovery; decreasing the calcium and
3
in Water (Withdrawn 1989)
alkalinity concentrations; or by changing the ratio of total
D3739Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the
alkalinity to free carbon dioxide in the feedwater.
Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
D4194Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-
5. Significance and Use
verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
5.1 In the design and operation of reverse osmosis
D4195Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and
installations, it is important to predict the calcium carbonate
Nanofiltration Application
scaling properties of the concentrate stream. Because of the
increase in total dissolved solids in the concentrate stream and
the differences in salt passages for calcium ion, bicarbonate
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
ion, and free CO , the calcium carbonate scaling properties of
2
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
the concentrate stream will generally be quite different from
Exchange Materials.
thoseofthefeedsolution.Thispracticepermitsthecalculation
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4582–05. DOI: of the S & DSI for the concentrate stream from the feed water
10.1520/D4582-10.
analyses and the reverse osmosis operating parameters.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. Stiff, H. A. and Davis, L. E., “A Method for Predicting the Tendency of Oil
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Field Waters to Deposit Calcium Carbonate,” Petroleum Transactions, Vol 195,
www.astm.org. 1952.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4582 − 10
5.2 A positive S & DSI indicates the tendency to form a 1 2 y SP
~ !
Alk
Alk 5Alk 3 (5)
c f
calcium carbonate scale, which can be damaging to reverse 1 2 y
osmosis performance. This p
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4582–05 Designation:D4582–10
Standard Practice for
Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability
1
Index for Reverse Osmosis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4582; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the calculation and adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index (S & DSI) for the concentrate
stream of a reverse osmosis device. This index is used to determine the need for calcium carbonate scale control in the operation
and design of reverse osmosis installations.This practice is applicable for concentrate streams containing more than 10000 mg/L
of total dissolved solids. For concentrate streams containing less than 10000 mg/L of total dissolved solids, refer to Practice
D3739.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Water
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
3
D1888 Test Methods for Particulate and Dissolved Matter in Water
D3739 Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
D4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
D4195 Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Application
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in the practice, refer to Terminology D1129 and D6161.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 For description of terms relating to reverse osmosis, refer to Test Methods D4194.
4
3.2.2 Stiff and Davis Stability Index (S & DSI) —an index calculated from total dissolved solids, calcium concentration, total
alkalinity, pH, and solution temperature that shows the tendency of a water solution to precipitate or dissolve calcium carbonate.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 This practice consists of calculating the S & DSI index for a reverse osmosis concentrate stream from the total dissolved
solids, calcium ion content, total alkalinity, pH, and temperature of the feed solution and the recovery of the reverse osmosis
system.
4.2 This practice also presents techniques to lower the S & DSI by decreasing the recovery; decreasing the calcium and
alkalinity concentrations; or by changing the ratio of total alkalinity to free carbon dioxide in the feedwater.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion Exchange
Materials.
Current edition approved Jan.May 1, 2005.2010. Published January 2005.June 2010. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20012005 as
D4582–91(2001).D4582–05. DOI: 10.1520/D4582-105.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Stiff, H. A. and Davis, L. E., “A Method for Predicting the Tendency of Oil Field Waters to Deposit Calcium Carbonate,” Petroleum Transactions, Vol 195, 1952.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4582–10
5. Significance and Use
5.1 In the design and operation of reverse osmosis installations, it is important to predict the calcium carbonate scaling
properties of the concentrate stream. Because of the increase in total dissolved solids in the concentrate stream and the differences
in salt passages for calcium ion, bicarbonate ion, and free CO , the calcium carbonate scaling properties of the concentrate stream
2
will generally be quite different from those of the feed solution
...