ASTM E1760-09
(Guide)Standard Guide for Unrestricted Disposition of Bulk Materials Containing Residual Amounts of Radioactivity
Standard Guide for Unrestricted Disposition of Bulk Materials Containing Residual Amounts of Radioactivity
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Materials encountered during D&D may contain residual radioactivity varying in amounts from that in irradiated fuel to barely detectable quantities in or on building materials. It is clear that highly radioactive materials have to be disposed as radioactive waste pursuant to 10 CFR 60 and 10 CFR 61. Conversely, it is not reasonable to expend a disproportionate amount of resources to isolate materials that contain minute quantities of radioactive materials that will not cause even statistically measurable health effects.
This guide provides a rationale and methodology for distinguishing between materials that contain sufficient radioactivity to warrant isolation of some type (storage awaiting decay, near-surface disposal, disposal with intruder protection, or placement in a deep repository) from materials with insignificant radioactive content. Materials with insignificant radioactive content can be recycled in the economy or disposed of in conventional (landfill) facilities without adverse health effects. Materials that meet the criteria identified in this guide are not simply excluded from regulation because they do not fall precisely in the regulatory scope. They are sufficiently free of radioactive material so that no further efforts at control are justified for radiation protection purposes. Therefore, the release of materials for unrestricted use in accordance with this guide meets the criteria for being an “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) activity.
For the purpose of this guide, the return of materials containing residual radioactivity to society without regulatory restrictions is referred to as “unrestricted release based on the absence of the credible potential for adverse health effects.” This guide asserts that materials recycled this way will have no statistically measurable health effects regardless of use. It does not guarantee that the materials are suitable for use in every possible application, for example, trace amounts of radionuclides...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the techniques for obtaining approval for release of materials encountered in decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) from restricted use. This would be addressed in the decommissioning plan (E 1281). It applies to materials that do not meet any of the requirements for regulatory control because of radioactivity content. Fig. 1 shows the logic diagram for determining the materials that could be considered for release. Materials that negotiate this logic tree are referred to as “candidate for release based on dose.”
1.2 The objective of this guide is to provide a methodology for distinguishing between material that must be carefully isolated to prevent human contact from that that can be recycled or otherwise disposed of. It applies to material in which the radioactivity is dispersed more or less uniformly throughout the volume of the material (termed residual in bulk form) as opposed to surface contaminated objects.
1.3 Surface contaminated objects are materials externally contaminated with radioactive material. Provisions already exist for their release for recycle if it can be shown that they meet applicable federal and state regulations for surface contamination. Regulatory Guide 1.86 and DOE Order 5400.5 specify the upper limits for radioactive surface contamination on material to be released for unrestricted use.
1.4 The release of material containing residual radioactive material (except for 226Ra) in bulk form (for example, soil or slightly activated metal) is based on the demonstration that the dose to a member of the public will be lower than a specified value (proposed by the petitioner or defined by regulation) for its intended use and lower than a second specified value via the most restrictive plausible scenario. The first proposed value should be lower than the second since the dose to any member of the public (via the intended use scenario) will almost certainly be realized, ...
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Designation: E1760 − 09
StandardGuide for
Unrestricted Disposition of Bulk Materials Containing
1
Residual Amounts of Radioactivity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1760; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thefeasibilityoftherecycleofbulkmaterialcontainingtraceamountsofradioactivecontamination
depends on the dose to the public that could occur as a result. However, the assessment of this dose
depends not only on the measurements of contaminants present, but also on the future use of the
material and the pathways by which persons can be exposed. This guide provides a recommended
approach to support a petition (to a regulatory agency) seeking approval for the recycle or disposal of
the material outside of the radioactive materials regulatory arena.
Since dose rate limits have been established by regulation, this approach is a recommended way to
demonstrate compliance with them.
The Scope defines the range of applicability of this guide; the Summary identifies the two major
steps that comprise the method; and the significance of the guide is given in Section 5. Section 6
discusses the need for dose rate based release criteria, and Section 7 delineates the steps for deciding
whether or not a material should be considered for recycle. Section 8 describes the steps needed to
implement the recommendations of this guide including the development of a data package to support
the petition and to serve as a permanent record.
1. Scope 1.3 Surface contaminated objects are materials externally
contaminated with radioactive material. Provisions already
1.1 This guide covers the techniques for obtaining approval
exist for their release for recycle if it can be shown that they
for release of materials encountered in decontamination and
meet applicable federal and state regulations for surface
decommissioning (D&D) from restricted use. This would be
contamination. Regulatory Guide 1.86 and DOE Order 5400.5
addressed in the decommissioning plan (E1281). It applies to
specify the upper limits for radioactive surface contamination
materials that do not meet any of the requirements for
on material to be released for unrestricted use.
regulatory control because of radioactivity content. Fig. 1
shows the logic diagram for determining the materials that
1.4 The release of material containing residual radioactive
226
could be considered for release. Materials that negotiate this
material (except for Ra) in bulk form (for example, soil or
logic tree are referred to as “candidate for release based on
slightly activated metal) is based on the demonstration that the
dose.”
dose to a member of the public will be lower than a specified
value (proposed by the petitioner or defined by regulation) for
1.2 The objective of this guide is to provide a methodology
itsintendeduse andlowerthanasecondspecifiedvalueviathe
for distinguishing between material that must be carefully
most restrictive plausible scenario. The first proposed value
isolated to prevent human contact from that that can be
should be lower than the second since the dose to any member
recycled or otherwise disposed of. It applies to material in
of the public (via the intended use scenario) will almost
which the radioactivity is dispersed more or less uniformly
certainly be realized, whereas the dose from the alternate
throughout the volume of the material (termed residual in bulk
scenariowillonlyaccrueifanunintended(andpresumablyless
form) as opposed to surface contaminated objects.
probable) circumstance arises. Federal regulation already ex-
226
ists for the release of Ra contaminated soils.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear
1.5 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.
Technology and Applicationsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E10.03 on Radiological Protection for Decontamination and Decommissioning of
Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health
Nuclear Facilities and Components.
risksforusersandforthosewithwhomtheycomeintocontact.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally
ε1
In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1760-96(2003) .
DOI: 10.1520/E1760-09. products, minimize the dust that results. For information on the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1760 − 09
2.3 DOE Documents:
DOE Order 5400.5 Radiatio
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E1760–96 (Reapproved 2003) Designation:E1760–09
Standard Guide for
Unrestricted Disposition of Bulk Materials Containing
1
Residual Amounts of Radioactivity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1760; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—1.5 was added editorially in November 2005.
INTRODUCTION
Thefeasibilityoftherecycleofbulkmaterialcontainingtraceamountsofradioactivecontamination
depends on the dose to the public that could occur as a result. However, the assessment of this dose
depends not only on the measurements of contaminants present, but also on the future use of the
material and the pathways by which persons can be exposed. This guide provides a recommended
approach to support a petition (to a regulatory agency) seeking approval for the recycle or disposal of
the material outside of the radioactive materials regulatory arena.
Ifdoseratelimitsareestablishedbyregulation,thisapproachisarecommendedwaytodemonstrate
compliance with them. Until that occurs, the limits will have to be proposed by the owners that
advance the argument that recycle should be permitted because the dose is very small.
Since dose rate limits have been established by regulation, this approach is a recommended way to
demonstrate compliance with them.
The Scope defines the range of applicability of this guide; the Summary identifies the two major
steps that comprise the method; and the significance of the guide is given in Section 5. Section 6
discusses the need for dose rate based release criteria, and Section 7 delineates the steps for deciding
whether or not a material should be considered for recycle. Section 8 describes the steps needed to
implement the recommendations of this guide including the development of a data package to support
the petition and to serve as a permanent record.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the techniques for obtaining approval for release of materials encountered in decontamination and
decommissioning (D&D) from restricted use. This would be addressed in the decommissioning plan (E 1281). It applies to
materials that do not meet any of the requirements for regulatory control because of radioactivity content. Fig. 1 shows the logic
diagram for determining the materials that could be considered for release. Materials that negotiate this logic tree are referred to
as “candidate for release based on dose.”
1.2 The objective of this guide is to provide a methodology for distinguishing between material that must be carefully isolated
to prevent human contact from that that can be recycled or otherwise disposed of. It applies to material in which the radioactivity
is dispersed more or less uniformly throughout the volume of the material (termed residual in bulk form) as opposed to surface
contaminated objects.
1.3 Surface contaminated objects are materials externally contaminated with radioactive material. Provisions already exist for
their release for recycle if it can be shown that they meet applicable federal and state regulations for surface contamination.
Regulatory Guide 1.86 and DOE Order 5400.5 specify the upper limits for radioactive surface contamination on material to be
released for unrestricted use.
226
1.4 The release of material containing residual radioactive material (except for Ra) in bulk form (for example, soil or slightly
activated metal) is based on the demonstration that the dose to a member of the public will be lower than a specified value
(proposed by the petitioner or to be determined defined by future regulation) for its intended use and lower than a second specified
value (also proposed by the petitioner or to be determined by future regulation) via the most restrictive plausible scenario.The first
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E10.03 on
Radiological Protection for Decontamination and Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities and Components.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1996. Published March 1996.
´1
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 1760-96(2003) .
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
...
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