ASTM C1752-21
(Guide)Standard Guide for Measuring Physical and Rheological Properties of Radioactive Solutions, Slurries, and Sludges
Standard Guide for Measuring Physical and Rheological Properties of Radioactive Solutions, Slurries, and Sludges
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measurements performed in this guide are limited to radioactive solutions, slurries, and sludges as well as simulants designed to model the properties of these radioactive materials.
5.2 Data obtained from the measurement and calculation of physical and rheological properties of radioactive solutions, slurries, and sludges are essential in developing appropriate simulants for design and testing of retrieval, transport, mixing, and storage systems for treatment of radioactive materials. Details on methods to develop representative simulants are provided in the Guide C1750. These data also provide input parameters for modeling the flow behavior, processing, transport, safety, and storage of these radioactive materials.
5.3 Consistency in the handling of samples, measurement methods, and calculations is essential in obtaining reproducible results of rheological and physical property measurements.
5.4 This guide will be used to measure or calculate the physical properties listed below:
5.4.1 Settled solids density.
5.4.2 Bulk slurry density.
5.4.3 Centrifuged solids density.
5.4.4 Supernatant density.
5.4.5 Settling rate.
5.4.6 Volume percent centrifuged solids.
5.4.7 Volume percent settled solids after settling.
5.4.8 Undissolved solids content.
5.4.9 Dissolved solids content.
5.4.10 Weight percent centrifuged solids.
5.4.11 Weight percent total oxides.
5.4.12 Solids content of the centrifuged solids.
5.4.13 Total solids content.
5.5 This guide describes the process of performing measurement of the rheological properties. The rheological measurements and calculations described in this guide are limited to shear strength, shear stress versus shear rate, apparent viscosity, consistency, and yield stress.
5.6 Due to the nature of some solutions, slurries, and sludges, not all of the measurements described in this standard may be applicable to all samples. For example, some sludges do not settle; therefore, settlin...
SCOPE
1.1 Intent:
1.1.1 The intent of this guide is to provide guidance for the measurement and calculation of physical and rheological properties of radioactive solutions, slurries, and sludges as well as simulants designed to model the properties of these radioactive materials.
1.2 Applicability:
1.2.1 This guide is intended for measurement of mass and volume of the solution, slurries, and sludges as well as dissolved solids content in the liquid fraction and solids content associated with the slurries and sludges. Particle size distribution is also measured.
1.2.2 This guide identifies the data required and the equations recommended for calculation of density (bulk, settled solids, supernatant, and centrifuged solids), settling rate, volume and weight percent of the centrifuged solids and settled solids, and the weight percent undissolved solids, dissolved solids, and total oxides.
1.2.3 This guide is intended for measurement of shear strength and shear stress as a function of shear rate.
1.2.4 Rheological property measurement guidelines in this guide are limited to rotational rheometers.
1.2.5 This guide is limited to measurements of viscous and incipient flow and does not include oscillatory rheometry.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1752 − 21
Standard Guide for
Measuring Physical and Rheological Properties of
1
Radioactive Solutions, Slurries, and Sludges
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1752; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 Intent:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1.1 The intent of this guide is to provide guidance for the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
measurement and calculation of physical and rheological
properties of radioactive solutions, slurries, and sludges as well
2. Referenced Documents
as simulants designed to model the properties of these radio-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
active materials.
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
1.2 Applicability:
C1750 Guide for Development, Verification, Validation, and
1.2.1 This guide is intended for measurement of mass and
Documentation of Simulants for Hazardous Materials and
volume of the solution, slurries, and sludges as well as
Process Streams
dissolved solids content in the liquid fraction and solids content
C1751 Guide for Sampling Radioactive Tank Waste
associated with the slurries and sludges. Particle size distribu-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
tion is also measured. 3
2.2 ISO Standard:
1.2.2 This guide identifies the data required and the equa-
ISO 13320:2020 Particle size analysis — Laser diffraction
tions recommended for calculation of density (bulk, settled
methods
solids, supernatant, and centrifuged solids), settling rate, vol-
ume and weight percent of the centrifuged solids and settled
3. Terminology
solids, and the weight percent undissolved solids, dissolved
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide
solids, and total oxides.
but not defined herein, refer to Terminology C859.
1.2.3 This guide is intended for measurement of shear
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—measured shear stress divided
strength and shear stress as a function of shear rate.
by the measured shear rate.
1.2.4 Rheological property measurement guidelines in this
3.1.2 density, n—in the United States, mass per unit volume.
guide are limited to rotational rheometers.
1.2.5 This guide is limited to measurements of viscous and 3.1.3 Newtonian fluid, n—a fluid whose apparent viscosity
incipient flow and does not include oscillatory rheometry.
is independent of shear rate.
3.1.4 non-Newtonian fluid, n—a fluid whose apparent vis-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this cosity varies with shear rate.
standard.
3.1.5 rheogram, n—plot of shear stress versus shear rate.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—A rheogram is also called a flow curve.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 shear rate, n—in laminar flow, the velocity gradient
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
perpendicular to the direction of shear flow in parallel adjacent
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
layers of a fluid body under shear force.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.7 shear strength, n—maximum shear stress measured
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
during incipient motion.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.13 on Spent Fuel and Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
High Level Waste. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1752 – 17. DOI: Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
10.1520/C1752-21. Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1752 − 21
b
3.1.8 shear stress, n—shea
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1752 − 17 C1752 − 21
Standard Guide for
Measuring Physical and Rheological Properties of
1
Radioactive Solutions, Slurries, and Sludges
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1752; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Intent:
1.1.1 The intent of this guide is to provide guidance for the measurement and calculation of physical and rheological properties
of radioactive solutions, slurries, and sludges as well as simulants designed to model the properties of these radioactive materials.
1.2 Applicability:
1.2.1 This guide is intended for measurement of mass and volume of the solution, slurries, and sludges as well as dissolved solids
content in the liquid fraction and solids content associated with the slurries and sludges. Particle size distribution is also measured.
1.2.2 This guide identifies the data required and the equations recommended for calculation of density (bulk, settled solids,
supernatant, and centrifuged solids), settling rate, volume and weight percent of the centrifuged solids and settled solids, and the
weight percent undissolved solids, dissolved solids, and total oxides.
1.2.3 This guide is intended for measurement of shear strength and shear stress as a function of shear rate.
1.2.4 Rheological property measurement guidelines in this guide are limited to rotational rheometers.
1.2.5 This guide is limited to measurements of viscous and incipient flow and does not include oscillatory rheometry.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.13 on Spent Fuel
and High Level Waste.
Current edition approved July 1, 2017July 1, 2021. Published August 2017August 2021. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
C1752 – 11.C1752 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/C1752-17.10.1520/C1752-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1752 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C1750 Guide for Development, Verification, Validation, and Documentation of Simulants for Hazardous Materials and Process
Streams
C1751 Guide for Sampling Radioactive Tank Waste
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3
2.2 Other Standards:ISO Standard:
ISO13320;2009ISO 13320:2020 “Particle Size Analysis—Laser Diffraction Methods. Part 1: General Principles,” International
Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland (1999)Particle size analysis — Laser diffraction methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide but not defined herein, refer to Terminology C859.
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—measured shear stress divided by the measured shear rate.
3.1.2 density, n—in the United States, mass per unit volume.
3.1.3 interstitial solution, n—in this guide, interstitial solution is the solution contained between the suspended, settled, or
centrifuged solid particles of a sludge sample.
3.1.3 Newtonian fluid, n—a fluid whose apparent viscosity is independent of shear rate.
3.1.4 non-Newtonian fluid, n—a fluid whose apparent viscosity varies with shear rate.
3.1.5 rheogram, n—plot of shear stress versus shear rate.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—
A rheogram is also called a flow curve.
3.1.6 shear rate, n—in laminar flow, the velocity gradient perpendicular to the direction of shear flow in parallel adjacent layers
of a fluid body under shear force.
3
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