ASTM D820-93(2016)

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic Detergents

ABSTRACT
These test methods detail the standard procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents. The analytical procedures include the determination of the following chemical properties and substances: moisture and other matter volatile at a specified temperature; free alkali or free acid; anhydrous, salt-free soda soap; alcohol-soluble matter; matter insoluble in water; total alkalinity of matter insoluble in alcohol (alkaline salts); sodium silicate; phosphates; phosphates by colorimetric method using molybdenum blue); unsaponified and unsaponifiable matter; free fatty matter; chlorides in alcohol-soluble matter; rosin by McNicoll method; synthetic detergent by difference; and neutral inorganic salts.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents.  
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Moisture and Other Matter Volatile at 105°C (Oven Method)  
5 and 6  
Free Alkali or Free Acid  
7 and 8  
Anhydrous, Salt-Free, Soda Soap  
9 – 12  
Alcohol-Soluble Matter  
13 and 14  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
15 and 15  
Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol (Alkaline Salts)  
16 and 17  
Sodium Silicate  
18 – 20  
Phosphates  
21 – 28  
Phosphate (Colorimetric Method Using Molybdenum Blue)  
29 – 34  
Unsaponified and Unsaponifiable Matter  
35 – 39  
Free Fatty Matter  
40  
Chlorides in Alcohol-Soluble Matter  
41 – 43  
Rosin (McNicoll Method)  
44 – 47  
Synthetic Detergent (by Difference)  
48  
Neutral, Inorganic Salts  
49  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2016
• ICS: 71.100.40 - Surface active agents
• Technical Committee: D12 - Soaps and Other Detergents
• Drafting Committee: D12.12 - Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D820 − 93 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic
1
Detergents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D820; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D216 Method of Test for Distillation of Natural Gasoline
3
(Withdrawn 1988)
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical
D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents.
D875 Method for Calculating of Olefins and Aromatics in
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
Petroleum Distillates from Bromine Number and Acid
3
Absorption (Withdrawn 1984)
Sections
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
Moisture and Other Matter Volatile at 105°C (Oven Method) 5 and 6
D1768 Test Method for Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in
Free Alkali or Free Acid 7 and 8
Synthetic Detergents by Ultraviolet Absorption
Anhydrous, Salt-Free, Soda Soap 9 – 12
Alcohol-Soluble Matter 13 and 14
D2357 for Qualitative Classification of Surfactants by Infra-
Matter Insoluble in Water 15 and 15
red Absorption
Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol (Alkaline Salts) 16 and 17
Sodium Silicate 18 – 20 D2358 Test Method for Separation of Active Ingredient from
Phosphates 21 – 28
Surfactant and Syndet Compositions
Phosphate (Colorimetric Method Using Molybdenum Blue) 29 – 34
D3049 Test Method for Synthetic Anionic Ingredient by
Unsaponified and Unsaponifiable Matter 35 – 39
Free Fatty Matter 40 Cationic Titration
Chlorides in Alcohol-Soluble Matter 41 – 43
Rosin (McNicoll Method) 44 – 47
3. Terminology
Synthetic Detergent (by Difference) 48
Neutral, Inorganic Salts 49
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 The term synthetic detergent in these test methods is
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
defined in accordance with Terminology D459, as follows:
standard.
3.3 synthetic detergent—a detergent produced by chemical
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
synthesis and comprising an organic composition other than
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
soap.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.4 For definitions of other terms used in these test methods,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
refer to Terminology D459.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Purity of Reagents and Materials
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
4
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on
Soaps and Other Detergentsand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D12.12 on Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their
3
Components. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originally www.astm.org.
4
approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D820 – 93(2009). Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
DOI: 10.1520/D0820-93R16. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D820 − 93 (2016)
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the 9.2 Stokes Flask, 100-mL, round-bottom (with the bottom
accuracy of the determination. blown out), sealed onto a 150-mL Erlenmeyer flask. A diagram
of the Stokes flask is shown in Fig. 1.
4.2 Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be
understood to mean reagent wate
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D820 − 93 (Reapproved 2009) D820 − 93 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic
1
Detergents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D820; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents.
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
Sections
Moisture and Other Matter Volatile at 105°C (Oven Method) 5 and 6
Free Alkali or Free Acid 7 and 8
Anhydrous, Salt-Free, Soda Soap 9 – 12
Alcohol-Soluble Matter 13 and 14
Matter Insoluble in Water 15 and 15
Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol (Alkaline Salts) 16 and 17
Sodium Silicate 18 – 20
Phosphates 21 – 28
Phosphate (Colorimetric Method Using Molybdenum Blue) 29 – 34
Unsaponified and Unsaponifiable Matter 35 – 39
Free Fatty Matter 40
Chlorides in Alcohol-Soluble Matter 41 – 43
Rosin (McNicoll Method) 44 – 47
Synthetic Detergent (by Difference) 48
Neutral, Inorganic Salts 49
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D216 Method of Test for Distillation of Natural Gasoline (Withdrawn 1988)
D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
D875 Method for Calculating of Olefins and Aromatics in Petroleum Distillates from Bromine Number and Acid Absorption
3
(Withdrawn 1984)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1768 Test Method for Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Synthetic Detergents by Ultraviolet Absorption
D2357 for Qualitative Classification of Surfactants by Infrared Absorption
D2358 Test Method for Separation of Active Ingredient from Surfactant and Syndet Compositions
D3049 Test Method for Synthetic Anionic Ingredient by Cationic Titration
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.2 The term synthetic detergent in these test methods is defined in accordance with Terminology D459, as follows:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps and Other Detergentsand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.12 on
Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009July 1, 2016. Published December 2009August 2016. Originally approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D820 – 93(2003).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D0820-93R09.10.1520/D0820-93R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D820 − 93 (2016)
3.3 synthetic detergent—a detergent produced by chemical synthesis and comprising an organic composition other than soap.
3.4 For definitions of other terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology D459.
4. Purity of Reagents and Materials
4.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
4
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
4.2 Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming to Specification
D1193.
MOISTURE AND OTHER MATTER VOLATILE AT 105°C (OVEN METHOD)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Dish—A porcelain or glass dish about 6 to 8 cm in diameter and about 2 to 4 cm in depth will b
...