ASTM D1761-12

Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Wood

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The resistance of a species of wood or a wood-base product to direct withdrawal of nails, staples, or screws is a measure of its ability to hold or be held to an adjoining object by means of such fasteners. Factors that affect this withdrawal resistance include the physical and mechanical properties of the wood; the size, shape, and surface condition of the fasteners; the speed of withdrawal; physical changes to wood or fasteners between time of driving and time of withdrawal; orientation of fiber axis; and the occurrence and nature of prebored lead holes.  
4.2 By using a standard size and type of nail, staple, or screw, withdrawal resistance of a wood species or wood product can be determined, and such values for two or more wood species or wood products can be compared. Throughout the method this is referred to as the basic withdrawal test. Similarly, comparative performances of different sizes or types of nail, staple, or screw can be determined by using a standard procedure with a particular wood or wood product, which eliminates the wood or the wood product as a variable. Since differences in test methods can have considerable influence on results, it is important that a standard procedure be specified and adhered to, if test values are to be related to other test results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods provide a basic procedure for evaluating the resistance of wood and wood-base materials to direct withdrawal of nails, staples, and screws. Spikes are included as nails in this standard.  
1.2 The tests also provide a basis for determining comparable performance of different types and sizes of nails, staples, and screws in direct withdrawal from wood and wood-base materials.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2012
• ICS: 83.120 - Reinforced plastics
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.05 - Wood Assemblies

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1761-06 - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Wood
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Replaced By: ASTM D1761-20 - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Wood and Wood-Based Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2020
• Referred By: ASTM D7033-22 - Standard Practice for Establishing Design Capacities for Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D7031-11(2019) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D8391-22e1 - Standard Specification for Demonstrating Equivalent Fire Performance for Wood-Based Floor Framing Members to Unprotected 2 by 10 Dimension Lumber or Equal-Sized Structural Composite Lumber
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E2766-13(2019) - Standard Practice for Installation of Roof Mounted Photovoltaic Arrays on Steep-Slope Roofs
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D7147-21 - Standard Specification for Testing and Establishing Allowable Loads of Joist Hangers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM F680-20 - Standard Test Methods for Nails
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D7032-21 - Standard Specification for Establishing Performance Ratings for Wood-Plastic Composite and Plastic Lumber Deck Boards, Stair Treads, Guards, and Handrails
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D5456-21e1 - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D6117-23 - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Plastic Lumber and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D5457-23 - Standard Specification for Computing Reference Resistance of Wood-Based Materials and Structural Connections for Load and Resistance Factor Design
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C1705/C1705M-09(2023) - Standard Specification for Structural Cementitious Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D1185-98a(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Pallets and Related Structures Employed in Materials Handling and Shipping
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E2634-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Flat Wall Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1761 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
1
Mechanical Fasteners in Wood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1761; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The use of wood and wood-base materials in many structural and other applications often involves
the use of mechanical fasteners, such as nails, screws, bolts, lag screws, and connectors. Data on the
strength and performance of such fasteners are frequently needed for design and for comparative
purposes. Tests of mechanical fasteners (except nail withdrawal) have been generally regarded as
special tests and have not been included in the standard methods already established for evaluating the
propertiesofwood.Manysuchspecialtestshavebeenextensivelyusedoveraconsiderableperiodbut
have not previously been established as standards. Presented herewith are methods of conducting tests
for nail, staple, and screw (except machine screws) withdrawal resistance; lateral load transmission by
nail, staple, screw, bolt, and timber connector; and load transmission by nail plates. The use of
standard methods for these tests is recommended as a means of obtaining comparable data and of
eliminating variables in test results because of variations in testing methods.
The tests appear in the following order:
Sections
Nail, Staple, or Screw Withdrawal Test 1 to 12
Lateral Nail, Staple, or Screw Resistance Test 13 to 20
Testing Bolted and Timber Connector Joints 21 to 30
Keywords 31
NAIL, STAPLE, OR SCREW WITHDRAWAL TEST priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1. Scope
2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods provide a basic procedure for
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
evaluating the resistance of wood and wood-base materials to
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
direct withdrawal of nails, staples, and screws. Spikes are
D2395 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
included as nails in this standard.
tive Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
1.2 The tests also provide a basis for determining compa-
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
rable performance of different types and sizes of nails, staples,
ment of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
and screws in direct withdrawal from wood and wood-base
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
materials.
2.2 Other Standards:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Federal Specification FF-W-92 for Washers, Metal, Flat
3
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(Plain)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ANSI B18.6.1 American National Standard for Slotted and
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.05 on Wood Assem- contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
blies. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1761 – 06. DOI: Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
10.1520/D1761-12. Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1761 − 12
4
Recessed Head Wood Screws
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Specimens consist of prisms of wood or wood-base
products, with nails, staples, or screws driven at right angles to
one or more faces. The fasteners are withdrawn at a uniform
rate of speed by means of a testing machine, and the maximum
load is recorded. Supplementary physical properties of the
wood or wood-base product are also determined.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The resistance of a species of wood or a wood-base
product to direct withdrawal of nails, staples, or screws is a
measure of its ability to hold or be held to an adjoining object
FIG. 1 Diagram of Assembly for Screw Withdrawal Test
by means of such fasteners. Factors that affect this withdrawal
resistance include the physical and mechanical properties of
the wood; the size, shape, and surface condition of the
that may be present as a result of manufacturing operatio
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1761 − 06 D1761 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
1
Mechanical Fasteners in Wood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1761; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The use of wood and wood-base materials in many structural and other applications often involves
the use of mechanical fasteners, such as nails, screws, bolts, lag screws, and connectors. Data on the
strength and performance of such fasteners are frequently needed for design and for comparative
purposes. Tests of mechanical fasteners (except nail withdrawal) have been generally regarded as
special tests and have not been included in the standard methods already established for evaluating the
properties of wood. Many such special tests have been extensively used over a considerable period but
have not previously been established as standards. Presented herewith are methods of conducting tests
for nail, staple, and screw (except machine screws) withdrawal resistance; lateral load transmission by
nail, staple, screw, bolt, and timber connector; and load transmission by nail plates. The use of
standard methods for these tests is recommended as a means of obtaining comparable data and of
eliminating variables in test results because of variations in testing methods.
The tests appear in the following order:
Sections
Nail, Staple, or Screw Withdrawal Test 1 to 12
Lateral Nail, Staple, or Screw Resistance Test 13 to 20
Testing Bolted and Timber Connector Joints 21 to 30
Tension Tests of Plate-Type Connector Joints 31 to 40
Keywords 41
Keywords 31
NAIL, STAPLE, OR SCREW WITHDRAWAL TEST
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods provide a basic procedure for evaluating the resistance of wood and wood-base materials to direct
withdrawal of nails, staples, and screws. Spikes are included as nails in this standard.
1.2 The tests also provide a basis for determining comparable performance of different types and sizes of nails, staples, and
screws in direct withdrawal from wood and wood-base materials.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
D2016D2395 Test Methods of Test for Moisture Content of Woodfor Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
(Withdrawn 1987)
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.05 on Wood Assemblies.
Current edition approved March 1, 2006Nov. 1, 2012. Published March 2006November 2012. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20002006
ε1
as D1761 — 88 (2000) — 06. . DOI: 10.1520/D1761-06.10.1520/D1761-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1761 − 12
D2395D4442 Test Methods for Specific Gravity Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-BasedWood-Base
Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
2.2 Other Standards:
3
Federal Specification FF-W-92 for Washers, Metal, Flat (Plain)
4
ANSI B18.6.1 American National Standard for Slotted and Recessed Head Wood Screws
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Specimens consist of prisms of wood or wood-base products, with nails, staples, or screws driven at right angles to one or
more faces. The fasteners are withdrawn at a uniform rate of speed by means of a testing machine, and the maximum load is
recorded. Supplementary physical properties of the wood or wood-base product are also determined.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The resistance of a species of wood or a wood-base product to direct withdrawal of nails, staples, or screws is a measure
...