ASTM D268-01(2007)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and Material
Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and Material
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A brief discussion of each test method is given with the intent of helping the user in the selection of the most applicable procedure where more than one is available.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the sampling and testing of volatile solvents used in the manufacture of paint, lacquer, varnish, and related products. The test methods are listed in Table 1.
1.2 For specific hazard information and guidance, see Suppliers' Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this guide.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D268 − 01 (Reapproved2007)
Standard Guide for
Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical
Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and
Material
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D268; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D233Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine
D235Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the sampling and
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
testing of volatile solvents used in the manufacture of paint,
D329Specification for Acetone
lacquer, varnish, and related products. The test methods are
D611Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
listed in Table 1.
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
1.2 For specific hazard information and guidance, see Sup-
D847 Test Method for Acidity of Benzene, Toluene,
pliers’ Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this
Xylenes, Solvent Naphthas, and Similar Industrial Aro-
guide.
matic Hydrocarbons
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D848Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aro-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
matic Hydrocarbons
only.
D849Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by Industrial
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
D850Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic
of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate
Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
D853Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Dioxide
regulatory limitations prior to use.
Content (Qualitative) of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons
2. Referenced Documents
D891TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquid
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Industrial Chemicals
D13Specification for Spirits of Turpentine
D1078Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-
D56Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
ganic Liquids
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D1133Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-
Atmospheric Pressure
bon Solvents
D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
D1209Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
Closed Cup Tester
Cobalt Scale)
D130Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
D1296Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
Diluents
D156Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
D1310TestMethodforFlashPointandFirePointofLiquids
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
D1353Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Sol-
vents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Products
Subcommittee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates.
D1363Test Method for Permanganate Time ofAcetone and
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
Methanol
approved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D268–01. DOI:
10.1520/D0268-01R07.
D1364Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (Karl
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Fischer Reagent Titration Method)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D1476Test Method for Heptane Miscibility of Lacquer
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Solvents
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D268 − 01 (2007)
TABLE 1 List of Test Methods
D1555Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight
of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane Test Method Section ASTM Method
D1613Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Acidity in:
Aromatic hydrocarbons 11 D847
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
Volatile solvents 11 D1613
and Related Products
Acid wash color of aromatics 23 D848
D1614Test Method for Alkalinity in Acetone Alcohols in ketones 18 D2804, D3329
Alkalinity in acetone 12 D1614
D1617TestMethodforEsterValueofSolventsandThinners
Aromatics in mineral spirits 25 D3257
D1720Test Method for Dilution Ratio ofActive Solvents in
Color, platinum cobalt scale 6 D1209
Cellulose Nitrate Solutions Copper corrosion test:
Aromatic hydrocarbons 14 D849
D1722Test Method for Water Miscibility of Water-Soluble
Mineral spirits 14 D130
Solvents
Distillation range:
Aromatic hydrocarbons 7 D850
D2192Test Method for Purity of Aldehydes and Ketones
Mineral spirits, turpentine 7 D86
D2360Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic
Volatile organic liquids 7 D1078
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography
Ester value 13 D1617
Esters, purity 13 D3545
D2804Test Method for Purity of Methyl Ethyl Ketone By
Flash point:
Gas Chromatography
Pensky-Martens closed cup 17 D93
D2935Test Method for Apparent Density of Industrial
Tag closed cup 17 D56
Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Withdrawn 2005) Tag open cup 17 D1310
Setaflash tester 17 D3278
D3257Test Methods for Aromatics in Mineral Spirits by
Method surveys:
Gas Chromatography
Ethylene and propylene glycols 22 E202
Methanol 21 E346
D3278Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
Nonaromatics in aromatics 24 D2360
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
Nonvolatile matter 8 D1353
D3329TestMethodforPurityofMethylIsobutylKetoneby
Odor 9 D1296
Paraffins in aromatics 24 D2360
Gas Chromatography
Permanganate time for acetone and methanol 16 D1363
D3505Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure
Purity of ketones 18 D2192, D2804,
Liquid Chemicals
D3329, D3893
Sampling 4 E300
D3545Test Method for Alcohol Content and Purity of
Solvent power evaluation:
Acetate Esters by Gas Chromatography
Aniline point and mixed aniline point of 19 D611
D3893Test Method for Purity of Methyl Amyl Ketone and
petroleum products and hydrocarbon
solvents
Methyl Isoamyl Ketone by Gas Chromatography
Kauri-butanol value of hydrocarbon 19 D1133
E12Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
solvents
of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
Dilution ratio in cellulose nitrate solution 19 D1720
for active solvents, hydrocarbon diluents, and
E201Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of
cellulose nitrates
Industrial Chemical Liquids (Discontinued 2001) (With-
Specific gravity 5 D891, D2935,
drawn 2001)
D3505, D1555
Sulfur as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide 15 D853
E202Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols and
Water:
Propylene Glycols
Fischer reagent titration method 10 D1364, E203
E203Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Turbidity method 10 D1476
Water miscibility of water-soluble solvents 20 D1722
Titration
E300Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
E346Test Methods for Analysis of Methanol
5. Specific Gravity
3. Significance and Use
5.1 SpecificgravityofliquidsisdefinedinTerminologyE12
3.1 Abrief discussion of each test method is given with the
as “the ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a material to the
intentofhelpingtheuserintheselectionofthemostapplicable
mass of the same volume of gas-free distilled water at a stated
procedure where more than one is available.
temperature.” When the stated temperature of the water is
4.0°C, specific gravity and density are numerically equal.
4. Sampling
5.2 The apparent specific gravity of liquid is defined in
4.1 Representative samples are a prerequisite for the evalu-
Terminology E12 as “the ratio of the weight in air of a unit
ation of any product. The directions for obtaining representa-
volume of material at a stated temperature to the weight in air
tive samples cannot be made explicit to cover all cases and
ofequaldensityofanequalvolumeofgas-free,distilledwater
must be supplemented by judgment, skill, and sampling
at a stated temperature.”
experience.ItisrecommendedthatPracticeE300beemployed
in sampling liquid solvents. NOTE 1—Specific gravity or density is an intrinsic property of all
substances and can to a degree be used to identify them. When such
substances are of high purity, specific gravity may be used in support of
otherpropertiestodefinetheirdegreeofpurity.Theuseofspecificgravity
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on for such purposes, however, is valid only when all components and their
www.astm.org. relative effects upon the specific gravity of the system are known.
D268 − 01 (2007)
severalcolorsystemsbeingcomparedandthesubjectivemannerinwhich
5.3 The choice of test method for determining specific
the measurements are made, exact equivalencies are difficult to obtain.
gravityislargelydependentonthedegreeofaccuracyrequired.
Ingeneral,whentheproductspecificationrequiresanaccuracy
7. Distillation Range
to the third decimal place, the hydrometer or specific gravity
balance method may be employed. When the product specifi-
7.1 The distillation range of an organic solvent is an
cation requires an accuracy to the fourth decimal place, a
empiricalsetofdatapeculiartothesolventunderstudyandthe
pycnometer method should be employed. Test Methods D891
apparatus used giving the purchaser an indication of the
give procedures using all three techniques.
product quality available to him.
5.4 With specific reference to the determination of density
NOTE 4—The distillation range provides information on the initial
or specific gravity of a number of aromatic and cyclic boiling point, percent distilled at certain temperatures, and the dry point.
These parameters may be affected by improper refining techniques,
hydrocarbon solvents, Test Method D3505 describes a simpli-
impurities inherent in the sample, or contamination. It is absolutely
fied procedure for this measurement.
necessarythatthepurchaserandselleremploythesametypeofapparatus,
5.5 Methods for converting specific gravity data to weight including thermometers, and follow an identical procedure as agreed
upon. If these factors are not followed precisely, it is quite possible
and volume data at various temperatures are given in Test
disagreement will result between the parties.
Method E201 for oxygenated and chlorinated compounds, and
for aromatic hydrocarbons in Test Method D1555. 7.2 Three test methods are available for determining the
distillation range of solvents.The major differences among the
5.6 The measurement of density of aromatic hydrocarbons
three methods are the size of distillation flasks and type of
at any convenient temperature, and the conversion of the data
thermometers(partialortotalimmersion)employed.Flasksize
to an applicable specification or storage temperature are
has little to no effect on the results obtained between labora-
described in Test Method D2935.
tories beyond the limits of error noted for each test method.
The advantage of the larger size flask is to prevent “boil over”
6. Color
when high-boiling products, processing relatively high coeffi-
6.1 The property of color of a solvent will vary in impor-
cients of expansion are being tested. On the other hand,
tance with the application for which it is intended, the amount
differences between laboratories will be large when one labo-
of color that can be tolerated being dependent on the color
ratory employs a partial immersion thermometer and another a
characteristics of the material in which it is used. The paint,
total immersion instrument. The spread between results will
varnish, and lacquer solvents, or diluents commercially avail-
increase as the boiling range rises above 100°C. Partial
able on today’s market normally have little or no color. The
immersion thermometers are preferred for narrow boiling
presence or absence of color in such material is an indication
products since they require no emergent stem temperature
of the degree of refinement to which the solvent has been
correction. The type of heat source may affect the distillation
subjected or of the cleanliness of the shipping or storage
range of products boiling within 1 or 2°C. This is especially
container in which it is handled, or both (see Test Method
trueforlow-boilingsolventssuchasmethylalcoholoracetone.
D1209).
Alarge electric heater tends to distort the dry point due to the
heatingeffectofinfraredradiationonthebulbofthethermom-
NOTE2—Foranumberofyearstheterm“water-white”wasconsidered
sufficient as a measurement of solvent color. Several expressions for
eter,whileaproperlyadjustedgasburnerminimizesthiseffect.
defining“ water-white” gradually appeared and it became evident that a
Thefollowingtestmethodsarecommonlyusedindetermining
more precise color standard was needed. This was accomplished in 1952
distillation ranges:
with the adoption of Test Method D1209 using the platinum cobalt scale.
7.2.1 Test Method D1078, using a 200-mL flask, high-
This method is similar to the description given in the Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Waste Water of the American Public precision partial immersion thermometers, and gas or electric
HealthAssn.,14thEd.,p.65andisreferredtobymanyas“APHAColor.”
heat. The latter may be used only after it has proven to give
The preparation of these platinum-cobalt color standards was originally
results comparable to those obtained when using gas heat.The
described by Hazen, A., American Chemical Journal, Vol. XIV, 1892, p.
method was designed specifically for determining the distilla-
300, in which he assigned the number 5 (parts per ten thousand) to his
tion range of volatile solvents used in coating compositions,
platinum-cobalt stock solution. Subsequently, in their first edition (1905)
of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water, the American Public
but is applicable to any volatile organic liquid that boils
Health Assn., using exactly the same concentration of reagents, assigned
between 30 and 300°C, and is chemically stable during the
to color designation 500 (parts per million) which is the same ratio. The
distillation process.
parts per million nomenclature is not used since color is not referred
7.2.2 Test Method D850, using a 200-mL flask, partial
directly to a weight relationship. It is therefore recommended that the
incorrect term “Hazen Color” should not be use
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