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ASTM D975-98be1

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils

Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers five grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grade Low Sulfur No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring low sulfur fuel and requiring higher volatility than that provided by Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D.
1.1.2 Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D— A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring low sulfur fuel. It is also suitable for use in non-automotive applications, especially in conditions of varying speed and load.
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines in applications requiring higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D fuels.
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines, which is also suitable for use in non-automotive applications, especially in conditions of frequently varying speed and load.
1.1.5 Grade No. 4-D—A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate and residual oil, for low- and medium-speed diesel engines in non-automotive applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.
Note 1—A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is given in Appendix X1.2.
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery.
1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
Note 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
1.3 Values are stated in SI units and are regarded as the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-2002
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D975-00 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM E1259-23 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Antimicrobials in Liquid Fuels Boiling Below 390 °C
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7321-21 - Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination of Biodiesel B100 Blend Stock Biodiesel Esters and Biodiesel Blends by Laboratory Filtration
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7978-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Viable Aerobic Microbial Content of Fuels and Associated Water—Thixotropic Gel Culture Method
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7668-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM F1990-23 - Standard Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Ignition Devices
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7932-17 - Standard Specification for Printed, Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Labels for Use in Extreme Distribution Environments
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM F2874-20 - Standard Specification for One Time Use Portable Emergency Fuel Containers (PEFC) for Use by Consumers
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7371-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7545-14(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D6079-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7042-21a - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7464-20 - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8436-23 - Standard Specification for Fluoropolymer-based Materials for Use for Encapsulation of Downhole Cable
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D2274-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002

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ASTM D975-98be1 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsASTM D975-98be1 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
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ASTM D975-98be1 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: D 975 – 98b An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Diesel Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Table 1 was corrected and Note 3 was added editorially in October 2000.
NOTE 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
1. Scope
problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-
1.1 This specification covers five grades of diesel fuel oils
tion on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are
1.3 Values are stated in SI units and are regarded as the
described as follows:
standard.
1.1.1 Grade Low Sulfur No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light
distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring low
2. Referenced Documents
sulfur fuel and requiring higher volatility than that provided by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D.
3
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
1.1.2 Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D— A general-purpose,
3
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
middle distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
low sulfur fuel. It is also suitable for use in non-automotive
3
Closed Cup Tester
applications, especially in conditions of varying speed and
3
2 D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
load.
D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light distillate
3
eral Bomb Method)
fuel for automotive diesel engines in applications requiring
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D fuels.
3
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D—A general-purpose, middle distillate
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
fuel for automotive diesel engines, which is also suitable for
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
use in non-automotive applications, especially in conditions of
3
Viscosity)
frequently varying speed and load.
3
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
1.1.5 Grade No. 4-D—A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
distillate and residual oil, for low- and medium-speed diesel
3
Petroleum Products
engines in non-automotive applications involving predomi-
4
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
nantly constant speed and load.
D 976 Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-
3
NOTE 1—A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is
late Fuels
given in Appendix X1.2.
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
3
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-
(Lamp Method)
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
3
required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
delivery. D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
3
1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more D 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
3
restrictive.
(High-Temperature Method)
D 1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
3
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E on Burner, Diesel, Non–aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
D 2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Avia-
Current edition approved Dec.10, 1998. Published February 1999. Originally 3
tion Fuel by Line Sampling
published as D975 – 48 T. Last previous edition D975 – 98a.
2
This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80—Regulation of Fuels and Fuel
3
Additives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 and Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
4
Later Calendar Years. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 975
3
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Oils No. 2-D, Test Method D 56 can b
...

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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
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Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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