ASTM A178/A178M-19
(Specification)Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for electric-resistance-welded tubes with minimum-wall-thickness made of carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel to be used in boiler tubes, boiler flues, superheater flues, and safe ends. The steel shall be of Grades A (low-carbon steel), C (medium-carbon steel), or D (carbon-manganese steel). All tubes shall be submitted to heat treatment after welding, followed by cooling. The steel shall conform to stated compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, and silicon. Grades C and D shall conform to given tensile requirements, that is tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. The material shall also be subjected to flattening, flange, tension, reverse flattening, and hydrostatic (or nondestructive electric) tests. Crush test shall also be performed if asked by the purchaser. Minimum elongation values are also given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers minimum-wall-thickness, electric-resistance-welded tubes made of carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel intended for use as boiler tubes, boiler flues, superheater flues, and safe ends.
1.2 This specification covers Grades A, C, and D with differing chemical requirements (Section 6 and Table 1), differing tensile requirements (Section 9 and Table 2), and differing crush and mechanical testing requirements (Sections 10 and 11).
Note 1: Grades C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for forge welding.
1.3 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1/2 to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.035 to 0.360 in. [0.9 to 9.1 mm], inclusive, in minimum wall thickness. Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.
1.4 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015 in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
1.5 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be so stated in the order.
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A178/A178M −19
Standard Specification for
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-
1
Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA178/A178M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
2 dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This specification covers minimum-wall-thickness,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
electric-resistance-welded tubes made of carbon steel and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
carbon-manganese steel intended for use as boiler tubes, boiler
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
flues, superheater flues, and safe ends.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 This specification covers Grades A, C, and D with
differing chemical requirements (Section 6 and Table 1),
2. Referenced Documents
differing tensile requirements (Section 9 and Table 2), and
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
differing crush and mechanical testing requirements (Sections
A450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for
10 and 11).
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Tubes
NOTE 1—Grades C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for
E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and
forge welding.
Tubing
1.3 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to
E273 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone of
1
this specification are ⁄2 to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in outside
Welded Pipe and Tubing
diameter and 0.035 to 0.360 in. [0.9 to 9.1 mm], inclusive, in
minimum wall thickness.Tubing having other dimensions may
3. Ordering Information
be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
requirements of this specification.
include the following, as required, to describe the desired
1.4 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to
material adequately:
1
tubing smaller than ⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
3.1.2 Name of material (electric-resistance-welded tubes),
1.5 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and
3.1.3 Grade (A, C, or D, see Table 1),
when desired, shall be so stated in the order.
3.1.4 Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
3.1.5 Length (specific or random),
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.1.6 Optional requirements (product analysis, Section 7;
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
crush test, Section 10; hydrostatic or nondestructive electric
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
test, 11.6),
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
3.1.7 Test report required (Certification Section of Specifi-
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
cation A450/A450M),
cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
3.1.8 Specification designation,
designation of this specification is specified in the order.
3.1.9 Individual supplementary requirements, if required,
and
3.1.10 Special requirements.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
3
approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A178/A178M – 02 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0178_A0178M-19. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-178 in Section II of that Code. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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A178/A178M−19
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
rolled stock or tubes which do not meet the requirements of the
Composition,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A178/A178M − 02 (Reapproved 2012) A178/A178M − 19
Standard Specification for
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-
1
Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A178/A178M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
2
1.1 This specification covers minimum-wall-thickness, electric-resistance-welded tubes made of carbon steel and carbon-
manganese steel intended for use as boiler tubes, boiler flues, superheater flues, and safe ends.
NOTE 1—Type C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for forge welding.
1.2 This specification covers Grades A, C, and D with differing chemical requirements (Section 6 and Table 1), differing tensile
requirements (Section 9 and Table 2), and differing crush and mechanical testing requirements (Sections 10 and 11).
NOTE 1—Grades C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for forge welding.
1
1.3 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are ⁄2 to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in outside diameter
and 0.035 to 0.360 in. [0.9 to 9.1 mm], inclusive, in minimum wall thickness. Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished,
provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.
1
1.4 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than ⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015 in. [0.4
mm] in thickness.
1.5 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be so stated in the order.
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The
inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Tubes
E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and Tubing
E273 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone of Welded Pipe and Tubing
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the desired material
adequately:
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
3.1.2 Name of material (electric-resistance-welded tubes),
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.09
on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2012November 2019. Originally approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as A178/A178M – 02 (2012).(2007). DOI: 10.1520/A0178_A0178M-02R12.10.1520/A0178_A0178M-19.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-178 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A178/A178M − 19
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Grade C Grade D
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 60 [415] 70 [485]
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 37 [255] 40 [275]
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 30 30
A A
For longitudinal strip tests a deduction for 1.50 1.50
1
each ⁄32-in. [0.8 mm] dec
...
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