ASTM B823-20

Standard Specification for Materials for Copper Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Structural Parts

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of copper base powder metallurgy (PM) structural materials, including those used in applications where high electrical conductivity is required. It includes a classification system, or material designation code. With the classification system, this specification includes chemical composition and minimum tensile yield strength.  
Note 1: Paragraphs 6.1 and 8.1 govern material classification by the designation code. The classification system is explained in the Appendix.
Note 2: Materials classified as C-0000 are expected to be used in applications where high electrical conductivity is required.  
1.2 Units—With the exception of density values, for which the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) unit is the industry standard, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2020
• ICS: 77.120.01 - Non-ferrous metals in general
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.05 - Structural Parts

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM B823-15 - Standard Specification for Materials for Copper Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Structural Parts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Refers: ASTM B963-24 - Standard Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM B243-18 - Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Refers: ASTM B243-16 - Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Refers: ASTM B962-15 - Standard Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM B962-14 - Standard Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2014
• Refers: ASTM B963-14 - Standard Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2014
• Refers: ASTM B243-13 - Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2013
• Refers: ASTM B963-13 - Standard Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2013
• Refers: ASTM B962-13 - Standard Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2013
• Refers: ASTM B243-12 - Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2012
• Refers: ASTM B243-11 - Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM B963-11 - Standard Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes<span class='unicode'>&#x2019;</span> Principle
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Refers: ASTM B243-10 - Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2010
• Refers: ASTM B243-09a - Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2009

Overview

ASTM B823-20: Standard Specification for Materials for Copper Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Structural Parts defines the requirements for various copper base PM materials used to manufacture structural components, especially where high electrical conductivity is a key factor. Developed by ASTM International, this standard lays out a comprehensive classification system, including material designation codes, chemical composition, and minimum tensile yield strength expectations to ensure performance consistency in powder metallurgy applications.

Powder metallurgy (PM) enables the efficient production of complex, high-precision parts from copper and its alloys, playing a critical role in industries demanding reliable conductivity and mechanical strength. ASTM B823-20 supports engineers, manufacturers, and purchasers in reliably specifying, ordering, and verifying PM copper base materials.

Key Topics

• Material Classification: ASTM B823-20 introduces a system of material designation codes, simplifying communication about material type, chemical composition, and mechanical strength requirements.
• Chemical Composition: The standard specifies limits on primary and secondary alloying elements such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb), with a focus on controlling elements impacting conductivity-such as minimizing iron contamination.
• Mechanical Properties: Includes minimum tensile yield strength requirements, enabling users to select materials fit for intended structural demands.
• Physical Properties: Stipulates requirements for density, porosity, and when relevant, oil content for self-lubricating parts. Density is measured by ASTM B962; porosity and oil content are addressed with ASTM B963.
• Electrical Conductivity: For high-conductivity applications (e.g., materials coded as C-0000), the specification covers qualification tests and minimum sintered density standards, with electrical conductivity determined in accordance with industry best practices.
• Dimensional Tolerances: Permissible dimensional variations must match specified drawing limits or be agreed upon during ordering, ensuring end-use fit and function.
• Quality Assurance: Certification, sampling, and inspection protocols provide traceability and compliance. Procedures for rejection, rehearing, and supplementary metallographic exam requirements ensure material integrity.

Applications

ASTM B823-20 materials are used for producing structural parts where copper's beneficial properties-such as electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength-are required. Typical applications include:

• Electrical and electronic components: Connectors, terminals, and commutators made from high-conductivity copper PM materials (e.g., C-0000 grade).
• Automotive parts: Gears, bushings, bearings, and other mechanical components where strength, machinability, and self-lubricating properties are critical.
• Industrial equipment: Structural PM parts in pumps, valves, and instrumentation requiring reliable nonferrous alloys (brass, bronze, nickel silver).
• Consumer electronics: Applications needing precision, durability, and conductivity optimized through powder metallurgy.

The standard’s designation code system and stringent requirements help manufacturers deliver parts optimized for their intended function, with properties matched to both mechanical and electrical demands.

Related Standards

ASTM B823-20 references several related standards to ensure comprehensive material characterization and testing. These include:

• ASTM B243: Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
• ASTM B925: Practices for Production and Preparation of PM Test Specimens
• ASTM B962: Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered PM Products (Archimedes' Principle)
• ASTM B963: Test Methods for Oil Content and Porosity of Sintered PM Products
• ASTM E8/E8M: Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• ASTM E29: Practice for Significant Digits in Test Data
• MPIF Standard 35: Materials Standards for PM Structural Parts

By following ASTM B823-20 and its referenced standards, organizations achieve reliable, standardized performance in copper base powder metallurgy materials, contributing to quality, safety, and global trade compliance.

Keywords: ASTM B823-20, copper base, powder metallurgy (PM), structural parts, copper alloys, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, chemical composition, density, porosity, industry standards

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:B823 −20
Standard Specification for
Materials for Copper Base Powder Metallurgy (PM)
Structural Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* B963 Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation
Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered
1.1 This specification covers a variety of copper base
Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’
powder metallurgy (PM) structural materials, including those
Principle
used in applications where high electrical conductivity is
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
required. It includes a classification system, or material desig-
[Metric] E0008_E0008M
nation code. With the classification system, this specification
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
includes chemical composition and minimum tensile yield
Determine Conformance with Specifications
strength.
2.2 MPIF Standard:
NOTE 1—Paragraphs 6.1 and 8.1 govern material classification by the
MPIF Standard35,Materials Standards for PM Structural
designation code. The classification system is explained in theAppendix.
Parts
NOTE 2—Materials classified as C-0000 are expected to be used in
applications where high electrical conductivity is required.
3. Terminology
1.2 Units—With the exception of density values, for which
3 3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms
the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) unit is the industry
can be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive
standard, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be
information is available under “General Information on PM
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
Gray Pages” on the B09 page of the ASTM website.
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
4. Ordering Information
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 Materials for parts covered by this specification shall be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ordered by materials designation code.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2 Ordersforpartsunderthisspecificationmayincludethe
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
following information:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.2.1 Certification, if required (see Section 13),
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2.2 Dimensions (see Section 9),
2. Referenced Documents
4.2.3 Chemical composition (see 6.1, 10.1, and Table 1),
4.2.4 Test methods and mechanical properties (see 8.2 , 8.3,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Table 2, Table X1.1, and Table X1.2),
B243Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
4.2.5 Density (see 7.1 and Table 3),
B925Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder
4.2.6 Porosity and oil content (see 7.3),
Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
4.2.7 Electrical properties (see 7.3 and Table X2.1), and
B962Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered
4.2.8 Special packaging, if required.
Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’
Principle
5. Materials and Manufacture
1 5.1 Structural parts shall be made by compacting and
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- sinteringmetalpowders.Partsmayalsobemadebyrepressing
mittee B09.05 on Structural Parts.
and resintering sintered parts, if necessary, to produce finished
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally
parts in conformance with the requirements of this specifica-
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as B823–15. DOI:
tion.
10.1520/B0823-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Rd.
the ASTM website. East, Princeton, NJ 08540, http://www.mpif.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B823−20
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 3 Density Requirements for High Electrical Conductivity
Applications
A,B
Chemical Composition, %
Material
3A
Material Designation Code Sintered Density, g/cm
Designation
Cu Zn Pb Sn Ni
C-0000–5 7.8 to 8.3
C-0000 99.8 min
C-0000–7 8.3 min
100 max
A
For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, measured
CZ-1000 88.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min
values shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in
91.5 Bal. . . . max
expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of
Practice E29.
CZP-1002 87.0 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min
90.0 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . max
CZ-2000 78.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min
82.0 Bal. . . . max
CZP-2002 77.0 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min in copper has a deleterious effect on both electrical and thermal conduc-
80.0 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . max
tivity. Iron not in solid solution (admixed) has a much lesser effect on
CZ-3000 68.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min
conductivity.An example of the effect of iron on conductivity is shown in
71.5 Bal. . . . max
Fig. X2.1.
CZP-3002 67.0 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min
70.0 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . max
7. Physical Properties
CNZ-1818 62.5 Bal. . . . . . . 16.5 min
65.5 Bal. . . . . . . 19.5 max
7.1 Density:
CNZP-1816 62.5 Bal. 1.0 . . . 16.5 min
7.1.1 High Electrical Conductivity Application—In applica-
65.5 Bal. 2.0 . . . 19.5 max
CT-1000 87.5 . . . . . . 9.5 . . . min
tions where high electrical conductivity is required, if the
90.5 . . 10.5 . max
density does not vary more than 0.3 g/cm from one section of
A
Other elements: For the C-0000 material, the total by difference equals 0.2 %
thestructuralparttoanyothersection,theoveralldensityshall
maximum; for all others, the total by difference equals 2.0% maximum; these may
fallwithinthelimitsprescribedinTable3.Ifthedensityvaries
include other minor elements added for specific purposes.
B 3
For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, measured
morethan0.3g/cm fromonesectionoftheparttoanother,the
values shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in
producer and the purchaser shall agree upon a critical section
expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of
of the part where the stresses are highest. The density of this
Practice E29
criticalsection,ratherthantheaveragedensity,shallfallwithin
the limits prescribed in Table 3.
TABLE 2 Minimum Yield Strength for Copper Base Alloys
7.1.2 Other Applications—The producer and the purchaser
Material Designation Minimum Yield may agree upon a minimum average density for the part and
3 A
Code Strength, 10 psi
minimum densities for specific regions of the part. Typical
C-0000–5 5
density values may be found in Table X1.1.
C-0000–7 7
7.1.3 Density shall be determined in accordance with Test
Methods B962.
CZ-1000-9 9
7.2 Porosity:
-10 10
-11 11
7.2.1 The producer and the purchaser may agree upon a
CZP-1002-7 7
minimum volume oil content for parts that are to be self-
CZ-2000-11 11
lubricating. The oil content shall be determined in accordance
-12 12
CZP-2002-11 11
with Test Methods B963.
-12 12
7.2.2 The producer and the purchaser may agree upon a
CZ-3000-14 14
-16 16 functional test for porosity in parts that are to be self-
CZP-3002-13 13
lubricating, or for permeability where fluid flow must be
-14 14
restricted.
CNZ-1818-17 17
CNZP-1816-13 13
7.3 Electrical Conductivity:
CT-1000-13 (repressed) 13
7.3.1 The producer and the purchaser shall agree on quali-
A
For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, measured
fication tests to determine the electrical conductivity. The test
values shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in
shall be made on sample parts or specimens compacted to a
expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of
Practice E29.
given density using an apparatus based on the eddy-current
principle.
7.3.1.1 Conductivity is determined with an instrument that
6. Chemical Composition
indicates the resistance of a material to the flow of eddy
currents. Prior to making the tests, the instrument is allowed to
6.1 Thematerialshallconformtotherequirementsprovided
warm up for a period of time recommended by the manufac-
in Table 1.
turer. The instrument is adjusted using three standards of
6.2 Chemical analysis shall be performed in accordance
known conductivity supplied by the manufacturer. Test speci-
with the methods prescribed in Vol 03.05 of the Annual Book
mens shall be at the same temperature as the reference
of ASTM Standards, or by any other approved method agreed
materials used in adjusting the instrument. Several readings at
upon between the producer and the purchaser.
different locations are taken on each test specimen to obtain an
NOTE 3—Iron contamination should be avoided. Iron in solid solution average value.
B823−20
7.3.1.2 No specimen preparation is required, providing the from each lot. A sample of chips may be obtained by
surface is flat in the probe area. dry-milling, drilling, or crushing at least two pieces with clean
7.3.1.3 Electrical conductivity values shall be reported in dry tools without lubrication. In order to obtain oil-free chips,
percent IACS (International Annealed Copper Standards). the parts selected for test shall have the oil extracted in
accordance with Test Methods B963, if necessary.
NOTE 4—Typical electrical conductivity values that may be expected
from special specimens compacted to size are given in Table X2.1.
10.2 Mechanical Tests—The producer and the purchaser
shall agree upon a representative number of specimens for
8. Mechanical Properties
mechanical tests.
8.1 The minimum guaranteed tensile yield strength, as
shown in Table 2, is a numerical suffix to the material 10.3 Conductivity Tests—At least two samples shall be
designation code and is read as 10 psi. The code is adopted taken from each lot for conductivity measurement, if required.
from MPIF Standard35.All tensile yield strengths are defined
as the 0.2% offset yield strengths. 11. Inspection
8.2 Theproducerandpurchasershallagreeuponthemethod
11.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon be-
tobeusedtoverifytheminimumstrengthcharacteristicsofthe
tween the producer and purchaser as part of the purchase order
finished parts. Since it is usually impossible to machine tensile
or contract.
test specimens from these parts, alternative strength tests are
advisable.Anexamplewouldbemeasuringtheforceneededto
12. Rejection and Rehearing
break teeth off a gear with the gear properly fixtured.
12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of
8.3 The tensile yield strength of the part may be measured
thisspecificationmayberejected.Rejectionshouldbereported
indirectly by testing flat unmachined tension test specimens as
to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case of
specified in Practices B925, compacted from the same mixed
dissatisfaction with test results, the producer or supplier may
powder lot at the density of the critical region of the parts and
make claim for a rehearing.
then processed along with the parts.
8.4 Transverserupturestrengthvaluescanalsoberelatedto
13. Certification
tensile yield strengths by correlation. While many nonferrous
13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the
PM materials are technically too ductile for this simple beam
purchaser shall be furnished certification stating samples rep-
test, th
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B823 − 15 B823 − 20
Standard Specification for
Materials for Copper Base Powder Metallurgy (PM)
Structural Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers a variety of copper base powder metallurgy (PM) structural materials, including those used in
applications where high electrical conductivity is required. It includes a classification system, or material designation code. With
the classification system, this specification includes chemical composition and minimum tensile yield strength.
NOTE 1—Paragraphs 6.1 and 8.1 govern material classification by the designation code. The classification system is explained in the Appendix.
NOTE 2—Materials classified as C-0000 are expected to be used in applications where high electrical conductivity is required.
1.2 Units—With the exception of density values, for which the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) unit is the industry standard,
the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in SI units result from conversion. They may be
approximate and are for information only. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
B962 Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
B963 Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder
Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials [Metric] E0008_E0008M
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 MPIF Standard:
MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for PM Structural Parts
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms can be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive information
is available in the Related Materials section of Vol 02.05 of theunder “General Information on PM Gray Pages” on the B09 Annual
Book of ASTM Standards.page of the ASTM website.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Materials for parts covered by this specification shall be ordered by materials designation code.
4.2 Orders for parts under this specification may include the following information:
4.2.1 Certification, if required (see Section 13),
This test method specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee B09.05 on Structural Parts.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015April 1, 2020. Published November 2015May 2020. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
B823 – 09.B823 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/B0823-15.10.1520/B0823-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Rd. East, Princeton, NJ 08540, http://www.mpif.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B823 − 20
4.2.2 Dimensions (see Section 9),
4.2.3 Chemical composition (see 6.1, 10.1, and Table 1),
4.2.4 Test methods and mechanical properties (see 8.2 , 8.3, Table 2, Table X1.1, and Table X1.2),
4.2.5 Density (see 7.1 and Table 3),
4.2.6 Porosity and oil content (see 7.3),
4.2.7 Electrical properties (see 7.3 and Table X2.1), and
4.2.8 Special packaging, if required.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Structural parts shall be made by compacting and sintering metal powders. Parts may also be made by repressing and
resintering sintered parts, if necessary, to produce finished parts in conformance with the requirements of this specification.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements provided in Table 1.
6.2 Chemical analysis shall be performed in accordance with the methods prescribed in Vol 03.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, or by any other approved method agreed upon between the producer and the purchaser.
NOTE 3—Iron contamination should be avoided. Iron in solid solution in copper has a deleterious effect on both electrical and thermal conductivity.
Iron not in solid solution (admixed) has a much lesser effect on conductivity. An example of the effect of iron on conductivity is shown in Fig. X2.1.
7. Physical Properties
7.1 Density:
7.1.1 High Electrical Conductivity Application: Application—In applications where high electrical conductivity is required, if
the density does not vary more than 0.3 g/cm from one section of the structural part to any other section, the overall density shall
fall within the limits prescribed in Table 3. If the density varies more than 0.3 g/cm from one section of the part to another, the
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
A,B
Chemical Composition, %
Material
Designation
Cu Zn Pb Sn Ni
C-0000 99.8 min
100 max
CZ-1000 88.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min
91.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . max
91.5 Bal. . . . . . . . . . max
CZP-1002 88.0 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min
CZP-1002 87.0 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min
91.0 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . max
90.0 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . max
CZ-2000 77.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min
CZ-2000 78.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min
80.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . max
82.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . max
CZP-2002 77.0 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min
80.0 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . max
CZ-3000 68.5 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min
CZ-3000 68.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min
71.5 Bal. . . . . . . . . . max
CZP-3002 68.5 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min
CZP-3002 67.0 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min
71.5 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . max
70.0 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . max
CNZ-1818 62.5 Bal. . . . . . . 16.5 min
65.5 Bal. . . . . . . 19.5 max
CNZP-1816 62.5 Bal. 1.0 . . . 16.5 min
65.5 Bal. 2.0 . . . 19.5 max
CT-1000 87.5 . . . . . . 9.5 . . . min
90.5 . . . . . . 10.5 . . . max
A
Other elements: For the C-0000 material, the total by difference equals 0.2 %
maximum; for all others, the total by difference equals 2.0% maximum; these may
include other minor elements added for specific purposes.
B
For For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, mea-
sured values shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used
in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of
Practice E29
B823 − 20
TABLE 2 Minimum Yield Strength for Copper Base Alloys
Material Designation Minimum Yield
3 A
Code Strength, 10 psi
C-0000–5 5
C-0000–7 7
CZ-1000-9 9
-10 10
-11 11
CZP-1002-7 7
CZ-2000-11 11
-12 12
CZP-2002-11 11
-12 12
CZ-3000-14 14
-16 16
CZP-3002-13 13
-14 14
CNZ-1818-17 17
CNZP-1816-13 13
CT-1000-13 (repressed) 13
A
For For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, mea-
sured values shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used
in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of
Practice E29.
TABLE 3 Density Requirements for High Electrical Conductivity
Applications
3A
Material Designation Code Sintered Density, g/cm
C-0000–5 7.8 to 8.3
C-0000–7 8.3 min
A
For For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, mea-
sured values shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used
in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of
Practice E29.
producer and the purchaser shall agree upon a critical section of the part where the stresses are highest. The density of this critical
section, rather than the average density, shall fall within the limits prescribed in Table 3.
7.1.2 Other Applications: Applications—The producer and the purchaser may agree upon a minimum average density for the
part and minimum densities for specific regions of the part. Typical density values may be found in Table X1.1.
7.1.3 Density shall be determined in accordance with Test MethodMethods B962.
7.2 Porosity:
7.2.1 The producer and the purchaser may agree upon a minimum volume oil content for parts that are to be self-lubricating.
The oil content shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods B963.
7.2.2 The producer and the purchaser may agree upon a functional test for porosity in parts that are to be self-lubricating, or
for permeability where fluid flow must be restricted.
7.3 Electrical Conductivity:
7.3.1 The producer and the purchaser shall agree on qualification tests to determine the electrical conductivity. The test shall
be made on sample parts or specimens compacted to a given density using an apparatus based on the eddy-current principle.
7.3.1.1 Conductivity is determined with an instrument that indicates the resistance of a material to the flow of eddy currents.
Prior to making the tests, the instrument is allowed to warm up for a period of time recommended by the manufacturer. The
instrument is adjusted using three standards of known conductivity supplied by the manufacturer. Test specimens shall be at the
same temperature as the reference materials used in adjusting the instrument. Several readings at different locations are taken on
each test specimen to obtain an average value.
7.3.1.2 No specimen preparation is required, providing the surface is flat in the probe area.
7.3.1.3 Electrical conductivity values shall be reported in percent IACS (International Annealed Copper Standards).
NOTE 4—Typical electrical conductivity values that may be expected from special specimens compacted to size are given in Table X2.1.
8. Mechanical Properties
8.1 The minimum guaranteed tensile yield strength, as shown in Table 2, is a numerical suffix to the material designation code
and is read as 10 psi. The code is adopted from MPIF Standard 35. All tensile yield strengths are defined as the 0.2 % offset yield
strengths.
B823 − 20
8.2 The producer and purchaser shall agree upon the method to be used to verify the minimum strength characteristics of the
finished parts. Since it is usually impossible to machine tensile test specimens from these parts, alternative strength tests are
advisable. An example would be measuring the force needed to break teeth off a gear with the gear properly fixtured.
8.3 The tensile yield strength of the part may be measured indirectly by testing flat unmachined tension test specimens as
specified in Practices B925, compacted from the same mixed powder lot at the density of the critical region of the parts and then
processed along with the parts.
8.4 Transverse rupture strength values can also be related to tensile yield strengths by correlation. While many nonferrous PM
materials are technically too ductile for this simple beam test, the test values are reproducible and useful.
8.5 Typical mechanical property values may be found in Table X1.1 and Table X1.2.
9. Permissible Variations in Dimension
9.1 Permissible variations in dimensions shall be within the limits specified on the drawings which describe the structural parts
that accompany the order, or variations shall be within the limits specified in the order.
10. Sampling
10.1 Chemical Analysis—When requested on the purchase order, at least one sample for chemical analysis shall be taken from
each lot. A sample of chips may be obtained by dry-milling, drilling, or crushing at least two pieces with clean dry tools without
lubrication. In order to obtain oil-free chips, the parts selected for test shall have the oil extracted in accordance with Test Methods
B963, if necessary.
10.2 Mechanical Tests—The producer and the purchaser shall agree upon a representative number of specimens for mechanical
tests.
10.3 Conductivity Tests—At least two samples shall be taken from each lot for conductivity measurement, if required.
11. Inspection
11.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon between the producer and purchaser as part of the purchase order or
contract.
12. Rejection and Rehearing
12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected. Rejection should be
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