ASTM C633-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Adhesion or Cohesion Strength of Thermal Spray Coatings
Standard Test Method for Adhesion or Cohesion Strength of Thermal Spray Coatings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is recommended for quality control, acceptance testing; or it may help to develop or qualify a thermal spray operator's equipment and procedure or to aid in developing thermal spray coatings with improved adhesion and integrity.
3.2 This test method is useful for comparing adhesion or cohesion strengths of coatings of similar types of thermal spray materials. The test should not be considered to provide an intrinsic value for direct use in making calculations, such as to determine if a coating will withstand specific environmental stresses. Because of residual stresses in thermal spray coatings, actual strength depends upon the shape of the particular coated part. Also, in use, a coating may be stressed in a more complex manner than is practical for a standard test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of adhesion (bonding strength) of a coating to a substrate or the cohesion strength of the coating in a tension normal to the surface. The test consists of coating one face of a substrate fixture, bonding this coating to the face of a loading fixture, and subjecting this assembly of coating and fixtures to a tensile load normal to the plane of the coating. It is adapted particularly for testing coatings applied by thermal spray, which is defined to include the combustion flame, plasma arc, two-wire arc, high-velocity oxygen fuel, and detonation processes for spraying feedstock, which may be in the form of, wire, rod, or powder.Note 1—Thermal spray coating materials include ceramics, such as metal oxides or carbides, and metals. In some cases, a coating is formed of different spray materials, such as an oxide layer sprayed onto a sprayed metal-bonding layer. The substrate generally is a metal, but may be a ceramic, such as an oxide or graphite.
1.2 Usually this test method is performed at ambient temperature. Higher temperature testing is restricted by the need for a suitable adhesive bonding agent. For certain fundamental investigations, it is suggested that very low (cryogenic) temperature be used.
1.3 This test method is limited to testing thermal spray coatings that can be applied in thickness greater than 0.015 in. (0.38 mm). The limitation is imposed because an adhesive bonding agent is used in the test. Those bonding agents established so far for this method tend to penetrate thermal spray coatings and may invalidate results unless the coatings are thick enough to prevent penetration through the coating. Further development may establish that thin layers of certain types of especially dense coatings may be tested satisfactorily. Alternatively, new adhesive bonding agents that would allow reduction of the minimum thickness limitation may become available.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C633 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Adhesion or Cohesion Strength of Thermal Spray Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
ofadhesion(bondingstrength)ofacoatingtoasubstrateorthe
and are not considered standard.
cohesion strength of the coating in a tension normal to the
surface. The test consists of coating one face of a substrate 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fixture,bondingthiscoatingtothefaceofaloadingfixture,and safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
subjecting this assembly of coating and fixtures to a tensile responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
load normal to the plane of the coating. It is adapted particu- priate safety and health limitations prior to use.
larly for testing coatings applied by thermal spray, which is
2. Referenced Documents
defined to include the combustion flame, plasma arc, two-wire
2
arc, high-velocity oxygen fuel, and detonation processes for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
spraying feedstock, which may be in the form of, wire, rod, or
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
powder.
3. Significance and Use
NOTE 1—Thermal spray coating materials include ceramics, such as
3.1 This test method is recommended for quality control,
metal oxides or carbides, and metals. In some cases, a coating is formed
ofdifferentspraymaterials,suchasanoxidelayersprayedontoasprayed
acceptance testing; or it may help to develop or qualify a
metal-bonding layer. The substrate generally is a metal, but may be a
thermal spray operator’s equipment and procedure or to aid in
ceramic, such as an oxide or graphite.
developingthermalspraycoatingswithimprovedadhesionand
1.2 Usually this test method is performed at ambient tem-
integrity.
perature. Higher temperature testing is restricted by the need
3.2 This test method is useful for comparing adhesion or
for a suitable adhesive bonding agent. For certain fundamental
cohesionstrengthsofcoatingsofsimilartypesofthermalspray
investigations, it is suggested that very low (cryogenic) tem-
materials. The test should not be considered to provide an
perature be used.
intrinsic value for direct use in making calculations, such as to
1.3 This test method is limited to testing thermal spray
determine if a coating will withstand specific environmental
coatings that can be applied in thickness greater than 0.015 in.
stresses.Becauseofresidualstressesinthermalspraycoatings,
(0.38 mm). The limitation is imposed because an adhesive
actualstrengthdependsupontheshapeoftheparticularcoated
bonding agent is used in the test. Those bonding agents
part.Also,inuse,acoatingmaybestressedinamorecomplex
established so far for this method tend to penetrate thermal
manner than is practical for a standard test.
spray coatings and may invalidate results unless the coatings
are thick enough to prevent penetration through the coating. 4. Apparatus
Further development may establish that thin layers of certain
4.1 Atension testing machine shall conform to the require-
types of especially dense coatings may be tested satisfactorily.
ments of Practices E4. The loads used in determining the
Alternatively, new adhesive bonding agents that would allow
adhesionortensilestrengthshallbewithintheloadingrangeof
reduction of the minimum thickness limitation may become
the testing machine, as defined in Practices E4. Permissible
available.
variation shall be less than 1.0%. It shall be possible to apply
increasing tensile load at a constant rate of cross-head travel
between 0.030 in./min (0.013 mm/s) and 0.050 in./min (0.021
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB08onMetallic
and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 on
2
Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin1969.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2008asC633–01(2008).DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0633-13. the ASTM
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C633 − 01 (Reapproved 2008) C633 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Adhesion or Cohesion Strength of Thermal Spray Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of adhesion (bonding strength) of a coating to a substrate or the
cohesion strength of the coating in a tension normal to the surface. The test consists of coating one face of a substrate fixture,
bonding this coating to the face of a loading fixture, and subjecting this assembly of coating and fixtures to a tensile load normal
to the plane of the coating. It is adapted particularly for testing coatings applied by thermal spray, which is defined to include the
combustion flame, plasma arc, two-wire arc, high-velocity oxygen fuel, and detonation processes for spraying feedstock, which
may be in the form of, wire, rod, or powder.
NOTE 1—Thermal spray coating materials include ceramics, such as metal oxides or carbides, and metals. In some cases, a coating is formed of different
spray materials, such as an oxide layer sprayed onto a sprayed metal-bonding layer. The substrate generally is a metal, but may be a ceramic, such as
an oxide or graphite.
1.2 Usually this test method is performed at ambient temperature. Higher temperature testing is restricted by the need for a
suitable adhesive bonding agent. For certain fundamental investigations, it is suggested that very low (cryogenic) temperature be
used.
1.3 This test method is limited to testing thermal spray coatings that can be applied in thickness greater than 0.015 in. (0.38
mm). The limitation is imposed because an adhesive bonding agent is used in the test. Those bonding agents established so far for
this method tend to penetrate thermal spray coatings and may invalidate results unless the coatings are thick enough to prevent
penetration through the coating. Further development may establish that thin layers of certain types of especially dense coatings
may be tested satisfactorily. Alternatively, new adhesive bonding agents that would allow reduction of the minimum thickness
limitation may become available.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is recommended for quality control, acceptance testing; or it may help to develop or qualify a thermal spray
operator’s equipment and procedure or to aid in developing thermal spray coatings with improved adhesion and integrity.
3.2 This test method is useful for comparing adhesion or cohesion strengths of coatings of similar types of thermal spray
materials. The test should not be considered to provide an intrinsic value for direct use in making calculations, such as to determine
if a coating will withstand specific environmental stresses. Because of residual stresses in thermal spray coatings, actual strength
depends upon the shape of the particular coated part. Also, in use, a coating may be stressed in a more complex manner than is
practical for a standard test.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 on
Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008Dec. 1, 2013. Published September 2008December 2013. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20012008
as C633 – 01.C633 – 01(2008). DOI: 10.1520/C0633-01R08.10.1520/C0633-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the sta
...
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