ASTM C1776/C1776M-17(2022)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Wet-Cast Precast Modular Retaining Wall Units
Standard Specification for Wet-Cast Precast Modular Retaining Wall Units
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the materials, manufacturing practice, and corresponding test methods for wet-cast precast modular retaining wall units cast from first-purpose concrete with or without the inclusion of steel reinforcement. The precast units covered by this specification are machine-placed units intended for use in the construction of dry stacked modular retaining wall systems. First-purpose concrete used for the production of precast modular retaining wall units under this specification shall be ready-mixed or central-mixed concrete. Other materials covered by this specification include cementitious materials, aggregates, admixtures, steel reinforcement, and lifting devices.
This specification also covers ordering information that the purchaser shall specify, physical properties (compressive strength, air content), sampling, frequency of tests, specimen preparation, inspection, certification, product marking, and workmanship, finish, and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers wet-cast precast modular retaining wall units cast from first-purpose concrete with or without the inclusion of steel reinforcement. The precast units covered by this specification are machine-placed units intended for use in the construction of dry stacked modular retaining wall systems.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text of the specification, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents. Therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1776/C1776M −17 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Specification for
Wet-Cast Precast Modular Retaining Wall Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1776/C1776M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-
1.1 This specification covers wet-cast precast modular re-
Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
taining wall units cast from first-purpose concrete with or
A767/A767M Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)
without the inclusion of steel reinforcement. The precast units
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
coveredbythisspecificationaremachine-placedunitsintended
A775/A775M Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Rein-
for use in the construction of dry stacked modular retaining
forcing Bars
wall systems.
A884/A884M Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Wire
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
and Welded Wire Reinforcement
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
A934/A934M Specification for Epoxy-Coated Prefabricated
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
Steel Reinforcing Bars
as requirements of the standard.
A1055/A1055M Specification for Zinc and Epoxy Dual-
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or
Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars
SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the
A1060/A1060M Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)
textofthespecification,theSIunitsareshowninbrackets.The
Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed,
values stated in each system are not exact equivalents.
for Concrete
Therefore, each system shall be used independently of the
A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and
other. Combining values from the two systems may result in
Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for
non-conformance with the standard.
Concrete
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Specimens in the Field
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
drical Concrete Specimens
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
gregates
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
Concrete
2. Referenced Documents
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C173/C173M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly Mixed
A615/A615M SpecificationforDeformedandPlainCarbon-
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Laboratory
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C27 on Precast
Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.20 on
C231/C231M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly Mixed
Architectural and Structural Products.
Concrete by the Pressure Method
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1776/C1776M - 17.
DOI: 10.1520/C1776_C1776M-17R22.
for Concrete
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Concrete
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1776/C1776M − 17 (2022)
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined 4.1.2 Compressive strength of the concrete used in the
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete manufacture of the precast modular retaining wall units (see
C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to 6.1).
Rapid Freezing and Thawing 4.1.3 Air content of the concrete used in the manufacture of
C823/C823M Practice for Examination and Sampling of the precast modular retaining wall units (see 6.2).
Hardened Concrete in Constructions 4.1.4 Surface texture, finish and color of the precast modu-
C979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Col- lar retaining wall units (see 8.5).
ored Concrete 4.1.5 Other special or custom features.
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in 4.1.6 Certification requirements (see 15.1).
Concrete and Mortars 4.1.7 Protective coatings for reinforcing steel, if required
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic (see 5.5.1 and 5.5.2).
Cement
C1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-
5. Materials and Manufacture
Consolidating Concrete
5.1 First-purposeconcreteusedfortheproductionofprecast
2.2 ACI Documents:
modular retaining wall units under this specification shall be
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-
ready-mixedorcentral-mixedconcreteconformingwithSpeci-
crete and Commentary
fication C94/C94M.
5.2 Cementitious materials shall conform to the following
3. Terminology
applicable specifications:
3.1 Definitions—Terminology defined in Terminology C125
5.2.1 Portland Cements—Specification C150/C150M.
shall apply for this specification.
5.2.2 Blended Hydraulic Cements—Specification C595/
3.2 Definitions:
C595M.
3.2.1 concrete, first-purpose, n—hydraulic cement concrete
5.2.3 Hydraulic Cement—Specification C1157/C1157M.
prepared and used for its original intended purpose.
5.2.4 Pozzolans—Specification C618.
5.2.5 Slag Cement—Specification C989/C989M.
3.2.2 width, unit, n—regarding precast modular retaining
wall unit dimensions, the term “width” shall refer to the
5.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the following
horizontal dimension of the unit measured perpendicular to the
specifications, except that grading requirements shall not
face of the wall, from the front face of the unit to the back of
necessarily apply:
the unit.
5.3.1 Normal Weight Aggregates—Specification C33/
3.2.3 height, unit, n—regarding precast modular retaining C33M.
wall unit dimensions, the term “height” shall refer to the
5.4 Admixtures—Specification C260/C260M, C494/
vertical dimension of the unit as placed in the wall.
C494M,or C979/C979M.
3.2.4 length, unit, n—regarding precast modular retaining
5.5 Steel Reinforcement—Design, size, configuration, and
wall unit dimensions, the term “length” shall refer to the
placement tolerance of reinforcing steel in any given precast
horizontal dimension of the unit measured parallel to the
modular retaining wall unit is proprietary and shall be deter-
running length of the wall face.
mined by the manufacturer based upon the structural require-
3.2.5 precast modular retaining wall unit, n—a machine-
ments of the units produced. The proprietary reinforcement
placed, solid, slotted or hollow, closed-cell, manufactured
design of the precast modular retaining wall unit(s) shall be
concrete unit with nominal base length and nominal base width
prepared and sealed by a licensed professional engineer.
dimensions greater than its vertical height as installed, used in
Reinforcing steel placed within precast modular retaining wall
the construction of dry-stacked earth retaining walls.
units for the purpose of resisting loading stress shall conform
with the following:
3.2.6 precast modular retaining wall unit, wet-cast, n—a
5.5.1 Reinforcing Bars—Steel reinforcing bars used as rein-
precast modular retaining wall unit, manufactured from con-
forcement in precast modular retaining wall units shall exhibit
crete using a wet-cast process.
aminimumyieldstressof60ksi[420MPa].Deformedorplain
3.2.7 wet cast, adj—manufactured concrete products made
bars shall meet the requirements of Specification A615/
from fresh concrete with a measurable slump in accordance
A615M. Reinforcing bars that are welded shall meet the
with Test Method C143/C143M or slump flow in accordance
requirements of Specification A706/A706M. Zinc-coated (gal-
with Test Method C1611/C1611M.
vanized) steel reinforcing bars shall meet the requirements of
Specification A767/A767M. Epoxy-coated steel reinforcing
4. Ordering Information
bars shall meet the requirements of Specification A775/
4.1 In the absence of designated applicable general
A775M, A934/A934M,or A1055/A1055M as required by the
specifications, the purchaser shall specify the following:
purchaser.
4.1.1 Unit type and size with applicable dimensions.
5.5.2 Welded Wire Reinforcement (WWR)—Steel welded
wirereinforcement(WWR)usedinweldedreinforcementmats
inprecastmodularretainingwallunitsshallexhibitaminimum
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), 38800 Country Club Dr.,
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3439, http://www.concrete.org. yield stress of 65 ksi [450 MPa]. Deformed or plain WWR
C1776/C1776M − 17 (2022)
shall meet the requirements of Specification A1064/A1064M. place concrete structures shall be allowed under this specifi-
Zinc-coated (galvanized)WWR shall meet the requirements of cation. The minimum cover requirements in 7.4 are waived for
Specification A1060/A1060M. Epoxy-coatedWWR shall meet the portion of the steel reinforcement that extends beyond the
the requirements of Specification A884/A884M. precast modular retaining wall unit.
5.6 Lifting Devices—Lifting device(s) for use in final place-
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
ment of the precast modular retaining wall unit shall meet
OSHA requirements documented in “Code of Federal Regula-
8.1 Individual precast modular retaining wall units shall not
tions”Title29Part1926.Manufacturersofliftingdevicesshall
be removed from the form cell until the unit has reached a
report test data demonstrating the load capacity of the lifting
sufficient compressive strength that will permit the extraction
device. Manufacturers of embedded lifting devices shall dem-
to occur without resulting in damage to the unit.The minimum
onstrate the suitability of protective coatings or added sacrifi-
permissible compressive strength of the precast modular re-
cial section thickness of the lifting device for use in high
taining wall unit prior to removal from the form cell shall be
moisture or other corrosive environments as appropriate to the
established by the manufacturer before the units are cast.
end use of the precast modular retaining wall unit.
8.2 Test cylinders prepared from concrete used in the
5.7 Other Constituents—Post-production applied color
production of the precast modular retaining wall units shall
stains, integral water repellents, finely ground silica, reinforc-
demonstrate 100 % of the required minimum 28-day compres-
ing fibers, and other constituents shall be previously estab-
sive strength prior to shipment or installation of the units.
lishedassuitableforuseinprecastmodularretainingwallunits
8.3 All precast modular retaining wall units shall be sound
and shall conform to applicable ASTM standards.
andfreeofcracksorotherdefectsthatinterferewiththeproper
placement of the unit.
6. Physical Properties
8.4 Upon delivery to the purchaser, precast modular retain-
6.1 Compressive Strength—Concrete used in the manufac-
ing wall units to be used in exposed wall construction shall not
ture of the precast modular retaining wall units shall exhibit a
exhibit chips or cracks in the exposed face or faces of the unit
minimum compressive strength of 4,000 psi [28 MPa] when
that are not otherwise permitted as follows:
tested in accordance with Test Method C39/C39M at 28 days.
Units with a higher compressive strength shall be provided
8.4.1 Chips smaller than 1.5 in. [38 mm] in its largest
when required by the purchase order or contract. dimension and cracks not wider than 0.012 in. [0.3 mm] and
not longer than 25 % of the nominal height of the precast
6.2 Air Content—In project locations where repeated freez-
modular retaining wall unit shall be permitted. Likewise, other
ing and thawing under saturated conditions may occur, air
voids or inconsistencies in the exposed architectural face of the
content for the concrete mix shall be provided in accordance
unitsmallerthan0.75in.[19mm]initslargestdimensionshall
with the anticipated exposure condition as defined in Specifi-
be permitted.
cation C94/C94M. Other air content for the concrete mix shall
8.4.2 Cracks that are continuous through any solid element
be provided when required by the purchase order or contract.
of the precast modular retaining wall unit shall be grounds for
rejection of the unit regardless of the width or length of the
7. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
crack.
7.1 Overall dimensions for height shall differ by not more
than 6 ⁄16 in. [5 mm], and length shall differ by not more than 8.5 The color and texture of the precast modular retaining
6 ⁄2 in. [13 mm] from the specified standard dimensions. wall units shall be selected from the range of colors and
textures available from the manufacturer. The finished surface
7.2 Overall dimension for width shall not be more than ⁄2
that will be exposed in the final construction shall conform to
in. [13 mm] less than the specified standard width. Dimen-
an approved sample consisting of not less than four (4) units
sional tolerance requirements for width shall be waived for
representing the range of texture and color selected by the
architectural surfaces.
purchaser.
7.3 For precast modular retaining wall units with a rectan-
NOTE 1—Wet-cast, precast modular retaining walls consist of many
gular exposed face, the diagonal dimensions of the exposed
individual precast modular retaining wall units that are often manufac-
face shall not differ by mo
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.