ASTM C533-17(2023)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
Standard Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
ABSTRACT
This specification covers calcium silicate block and pipe thermal insulation for use on surfaces. Thermal insulation shall be of the following types: Type I; Type IA; and Type II. Calcium silicate thermal insulation shall consist principally of hydrous calcium silicate usually with the incorporation of fibrous reinforcement. The insulation shall conform to the physical requirements specified. Following test methods shall be performed: block insulation; pipe insulation; apparent thermal conductivity; linear shrinkage after heat soaking; flexural strength; compressive strength; mass loss by tumbling; hot surface performance; surface burning characteristics; stress corrosion performance; and moisture content by dry weight.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers calcium silicate block and pipe thermal insulation for use on surfaces with temperatures between 80 and 1700°F (27 to 927°C), unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method (Section 12) described in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C533 − 17 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C533; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope ties of Block-Type Thermal Insulation
C302 Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Pre-
1.1 This specification covers calcium silicate block and pipe
formed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
thermal insulation for use on surfaces with temperatures
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
between 80 and 1700°F (27 to 927°C), unless otherwise agreed
formed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
C335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
of Pipe Insulation
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
C356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of Preformed High-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soaking
and are not considered standard.
Heat
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
test method (Section 12) described in this specification: This Insulation Lots
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user Temperature Thermal Insulation
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
C421 Test Method for Tumbling Friability of Preformed
environmental practices and determine the applicability of Block-Type and Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal
regulatory limitations prior to use.
Insulation
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- C446 Test Method for Breaking Load and Calculated Modu-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
lus of Rupture of Preformed Insulation for Pipes (With-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the drawn 2002)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. C585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal
Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing
2. Referenced Documents
C795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-
tact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C870 Practice for Conditioning of Thermal Insulating Ma-
C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of
terials
Thermal Insulations
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
erties Under Steady-State Conditions
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
C1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
C203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Proper-
Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
C1616 Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by Weight
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.20 on
C1617 Practice for Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory
Homogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.
Evaluation of Extraction Solutions Containing Ions
Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published March 2023. Originally
Leached from Thermal Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion
approved in 1964 to replace C344 and C345. Last previous edition approved in 2017
as C533 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/C0533-17R23.
of Metals
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C533 − 17 (2023)
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of 5. Description
Building Materials
5.1 Composition—Calcium silicate thermal insulation shall
E136 Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials
consist principally of hydrous calcium silicate usually with the
Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C
incorporation of fibrous reinforcement. Asbestos shall not be
used as a component in the manufacture of the material.
3. Terminology
6. Physical Requirements
3.1 Definitions—For definitions used in this specification,
see Terminology C168.
6.1 The insulation shall conform to the physical require-
ments of Table 1.
4. Classification
7. Standard Shapes, Sizes, and Dimensions
4.1 Thermal insulation shall be of the following types:
4.1.1 Type I—Block for use on surfaces at temperature from 7.1 Calcium silicate block-type thermal insulation shall be
80°F (27°C) to to 1200°F (649°C). supplied in the form of pipe insulation, flat block or curved
4.1.2 Type I—Pipe for use on surfaces at temperature from blocks as specified. Standard sizes of the block type insulation
80°F (27°C) to 1200°F (649°C). shall be as follows:
4.1.3 Type IA—Block for use on surfaces at temperatures 7.1.1 Flat Block—Flat block shall be furnished in lengths of
from 80°F (27°C) to 1200°F (649°C). 36 in. (458 or 914 mm), widths of 6 to 36 in. (152 to 914 mm),
4.1.4 Type II—Block for use on surfaces at temperatures and thicknesses from 1 to 6 in. (25 to 152 mm) in ⁄2-in.
from 80°F (27°C) to 1700°F (927°C). (13-mm) increments. Thicknesses greater than 3 in. (76 mm)
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements
NOTE 1—The physical requirements are based on the properties of samples dried or conditioned, or both, as specified in the referenced test methods.
Calcium silicate insulation tends to absorb moisture to varying degrees depending on exposure conditions. It can absorb up to 4 times its dry weight if
placed in direct contact with water through improper storage or application.
NOTE 2—The user is advised that some applications could require the knowledge of the thermal conductivity of the insulation material at mean
temperatures above those shown. Consult the manufacturer for data at mean temperatures exceeding those listed.
Type I Type IA Type II
Block and Pipe Block Block
Use temperature, max, °F (°C) 1200 (649) 1200 (649) 1700 (927)
3 3
Density (dry), max, lb/ft (kg/m ) 15 (240) 22 (352) 22 (352)
Flexural strength, min, psi (kPa) 50 (344) 50 (344) 50 (344)
Compressive strength, min, at 5 % 100 (688) 100 (688) 100 (688)
deformation, psi (kPa)
Mass loss by tumbling, max, %
after first 10 minutes 20 20 20
after second 10 minutes 40 40 40
Soaking heat linear shrinkage, max,% 2 2 2
Hot surface performance:
1 1 1
warpage, max, in. (mm) ⁄4 (6) ⁄4 (6) ⁄4 (6)
cracking No cracks completely through the insulation thickness. Surface cracks on hot face are acceptable
A
Apparent thermal conductivity (see
Note 2)
Btu-in./h-ft -°F (W/m-K)max at mean
temperature of:
100°F (38°C) 0.41 (0.059) 0.50 (0.072) 0.50 (0.072)
200°F (93°C) 0.45 (0.065) 0.54 (0.078) 0.54 (0.078)
300°F (149°C) 0.50 (0.072) 0.58 (0.084) 0.58 (0.084)
400°F (204°C) 0.55 (0.079) 0.61 (0.088) 0.61 (0.088)
500°F (260°C) 0.60 (0.087) 0.64 (0.092) 0.64 (0.092)
600°F (316°C) 0.66 (0.095) 0.67 (0.097) 0.67 (0.097)
700°F (371°C) 0.71 (0.102) 0.70 (0.101) 0.70 (0.101)
800°F (427°C) . 0.73 (0.105)
900°F (482°C) . 0.75 (0.108)
1000°F (538°C) . 0.77 (0.111)
Surface burning characteristics:
Flame spread index, max 0 0 0
Smoke density index, max 0 0 0
Non-Combustibilty Pass Pass Pass
Mass Loss Corrosion Rate # DI Water
Stress Corrosion Pass
Performance
Moisture content, by weight, max % 20 20 20
A
The thermal transmission properties of calcium silicate block and pipe insulation vary with temperature, temperature gradient, moisture content, thickness, and shape.
Note that the apparent thermal conductivity requirements in the table are based on samples tested under the conditions specified in 12.1.2. These are comparative values
for establishing specification compliance. They do not represent the installed performance of the insulation under use conditions differing substantially from the test
conditions.
C533 − 17 (2023)
shall be furnished in one or more layers as agreed upon by 8.3 Grooved Block—The following additional requirements
purchaser and manufacturer. apply only to calcium silicate block insulation containing
grooves and intended for installation over curved surfaces, 20
7.1.2 Curved Block—Curved block shall be furnished in
in. (508 mm) in diameter of larger.
lengths of 36 in. (914 mm), widths of approximately 6 to 12 in.
8.3.1 Fit and Closure—When fitted to the curved surface,
(152 or 305 mm), thicknesses of 1 ⁄2 to 4 in. (38 to 101 mm) in
the grooves shall close to ⁄8 in. (3 mm) or less through the
⁄2-in. (13-mm) increments, and curved to inside radii of over
depth of the groove. The exposed surface crack shall not open
16 ⁄2 in. (419 mm). Individual dimensions shall conform to
more than ⁄8 in. (3 mm).
those specified by the manufacturer.
7.1.3 Grooved Block—Grooved block
...
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