ASTM D5572-95(1999)

Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Finger Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes performance levels for adhesives to be used in finger joints in nonstructural bonded-lumber products. Such products include, but are not limited to, interior and exterior mouldings, window and door components or parts, and bonded-lumber panels. Adhesives that meet the requirements of the various performance classes are considered capable of providing an adequate bond for use under the conditions described for the class. This specification is to be used to evaluate adhesives as well as the adhesive bonds in the finger joints. See Section 5, Significance and Use, for limitations when using this specification to evaluate industrially manufactured finger joints. Note 1-This specification supersedes the finger-joint portion of the 1990 edition of Specification D3110.
1.2 The following index is provided as a guide to the test methods in this specification: Section Apparatus 6 Equipment, Material, and Preparation of Assemblies and 7 Specimens Conditioning for Factory-Manufactured Assemblies, Laboratory- 8 Made Assemblies, and Test Specimens Testing in Flexure 9 Testing in Tension 10 Exposure Conditions and Treatments 11 1. Dry Use Tests: Dry, 3-cycle Soak, Elevated Temperature, 11.1 and Temperature-Humidity 2. Wet Use Tests: Dry, Boil, Elevated Temperature, and 11.2 Vacuum-Pressure
1.3 For the definitions of dry use and wet use , see 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the apparatus and test methods portions, Sections 6 through 11 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1999
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: D14 - Adhesives
• Drafting Committee: D14.30 - Wood Adhesives

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D5572-95(2005) - Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Finger Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D5266-13(2020) - Standard Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5572 – 95 (Reappproved 1999)
Standard Specification for
Adhesives Used for Finger Joints in Nonstructural Lumber
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5572; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
apparatus and test methods portions, Sections 6-11 of this
1.1 This specification establishes performance levels for
specification: This standard does not purport to address all of
adhesives to be used in finger joints in nonstructural bonded-
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
lumber products. Such products include, but are not limited to,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
interior and exterior mouldings, window and door components
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
or parts, and bonded-lumber panels. Adhesives that meet the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
requirementsofthevariousperformanceclassesareconsidered
capable of providing an adequate bond for use under the
2. Referenced Documents
conditions described for the class. This specification is to be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
used to evaluate adhesives as well as the adhesive bonds in the
D143 Methods of Testing Small Clear Specimens of Tim-
finger joints. See Section 5, Significance and Use, for limita-
ber
tions when using this specification to evaluate industrially
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
manufactured finger joints.
D2016 Methods for Moisture Content of Wood
NOTE 1—This specification supersedes the finger-joint portion of the
D3110 SpecificationforAdhesivesUsedinLaminateJoints
1990 edition of Specification D3110.
for Nonstructural Glued Lumber Products
1.2 The following index is provided as a guide to the test
D4688 Method for Evaluating Structural Adhesives for
methods in this specification:
Fingerjointing Lumber
Section D5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood
Apparatus 6
Failure in Adhesive Bonding Joints
Equipment, Material, and Preparation of Assemblies and Specimens 7
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Conditioning for Factory-Manufactured Assemblies, Laboratory-Made 8
Assemblies, and Test Specimens
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
Testing in Flexure 9
ing
Testing in Tension 10
E41 Terminology Relating to Conditioning
Exposure Conditions and Treatments 11
1. Dry Use Tests: Dry, 3-cycle Soak, Elevated Temperature, 11.1
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
and Temperature-Humidity 7
ASTM Test Methods
2. Wet Use Tests: Dry, Boil, Elevated Temperature, and 11.2
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Vacuum-Pressure
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
NOTE 2—The conditioning needed for various stages in the preparation
of both types of specimens and for the exposure tests are given.
3. Terminology
NOTE 3—Specific guidelines for specimen size, exposure conditions,
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this specification are de-
testing, calculation, and reporting are given for flexure specimens in
Sections 9 and 11, and for tension specimens in Sections 10 and 11. fined in Terminology D907 and Terminology E41.
3.1.1 bond, n—the union of materials by adhesives.
1.3 For the definitions of dry use and wet use, see 3.2.1.1
3.1.2 finger joint, n—a joint formed by bonding two precut
and 3.2.1.2.
members shaped like fingers. (See Figs. 1 and 2.)
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for informa-
3.2.1 nonstructural adhesive:
tion only.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-14 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood Discontinued; see 1989 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
Adhesives. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
published as D5572–94. Last previous edition D5572–94. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5572 – 95 (Reappproved 1999)
4.1.1 To comply with this specification the test adhesive
shall be tested for performance in accordance with Sections
8.1.1-11, and it shall meet the requirements in Table 1 for the
selected testing mode and performance classification.
4.1.2 Compliance with this specification shall warrant cer-
tification of the adhesive for use on the species of wood that is
FIG. 1 Horizontal Joint
used for the tests, or for use on a designated group of species
whentestedandfoundtobeincomplianceforanyonemember
of said group of species. The designated species groupings for
commonly used domestic and imported woods, as accepted in
thisspecification,aregiveninTable2.Intheeventthattheuser
or supplier of the adhesive, or both, cannot accept the desig-
natedgroupingsinTable2,eitherpartyshallhavetheoptionof
requesting a test on an individual species. Furthermore, the
FIG. 2 Vertical Joint
user and supplier may agree to change any of the wood-failure
requirements ofTable 1 when applied to tests on Groups 3 and
3.2.1.1 dry use nonstructural adhesive, n—an adhesive
4 hardwoods from Table 2. For wood-property information on
capable of producing sufficient strength and durability to make
imported woods, see the Wood Handbook.
the bonded lumber product serviceable in nonstructural use,
4.1.2.1 The wood-failure requirements listed in Table 1 are
under conditions in which the equilibrium moisture content
given for softwoods and hardwoods. Table 1 shows that the
(EMC) of the wood does not exceed 16%.
wood-failure requirements for hardwood are 50% of the
3.2.1.2 wet use nonstructural adhesive, n—an adhesive
requirements for softwoods.
capable of producing sufficient strength and durability to make
4.2 Industrially Manufactured Finger Joint—An industri-
the bonded lumber product serviceable in nonstructural use,
ally manufactured finger joint may be used to evaluate the
under conditions in which the EMC of the wood may be 16%
adhesive, provided its construction meets the requirements set
or greater.
forth in Sections 7-10, and the joint is tested against the
3.3 Abbreviations:
requirements in Table 1.
3.3.1 EMC—equilibrium moisture content.
3.3.2 MC—moisture content.
4. Test Requirements
U.S.DepartmentofAgricultureForestService;AgriculturalHandbook,No.72,
4.1 Adhesives: Wood Handbook, Tables 3 and 4, 1987 edition, pp. 3–11.
TABLE 1 Minimum Test Requirements
Testing Mode
B
Testing Mode Tension
Flexure
Subsection
Modulus of
D
Performance Classification and Number for
Wood Failure
C
A
Rupture
Exposure Conditions Exposure
Strength, psi
C E F
Description
(MPa) Group Average Individual Minimum
Minimum psi
G
(MPa)
%%
Soft Hard Soft Hard
H H
Wood Wood Wood Wood
Dry Use:
Cured (dry) 11.1.1 2000 (13.8) 60 30 30 15 2000 (13.8)
I
Three-cycle soak 11.1.2 1000 (6.9) 30 15 15 1000 (6.9)
II I I I
Elevated Temperature ((220°F) 11.1.3 1000 (6.9)
(104°C))
II I I I
Temperature-Humidity ((140°F 11.1.4 750 (5.2)
(60°C), 16 % EMC))
Wet Use:
Cured (dry) 11.2.1 2000 (13.8) 60 30 30 15 2000 (13.8)
I
Boil 11.2.2 1600 (11.0) 50 25 25 1400 (9.7)
II I I I
Elevated Temperature ((220°F) 11.2.3 1000 (6.9)
(104°C))
I
Vacuum Pressure 11.2.4 1600 (11.0) 50 25 25 1400 (9.7)
A
Twenty specimens required for each classification and exposure.
B
Parallel to the grain.
C
Tension and flexure results may vary with the species. Any acceptable wood should produce joints able to meet these requirements.
D
The wood-failure requirements are given for softwoods and hardwoods. Groups 3 and 4 hardwoods are listed at 50 % of the softwood value, with no wood-failure
requirement if the calculation is 15 % or less. (See 4.1.2.)
E
For total group of specimens tested.
F
For 90 % of the specimens tested, they shall meet or exceed these minimum wood-failure values shown. If a zero value is obtained for any of the specimens (the
specimen must meet the strength requirement).
G
For any individual specimen.
H
See recommended minimum specific gravity in Table 2.
I
No requirement.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5572 – 95 (Reappproved 1999)
TABLE 2 Bondability Groupings of Commonly Used Domestic
A
and Imported Wood
U.S. Hardwoods U.S. Softwoods Imported Woods
B
Group 1—Bond Easily
Alder Cedar, incense Balsa Hura
Aspen Fir: Cativo Purpleheart
Basswood White Courbaril Roble
C
Cottonwood Grand Determa
Chestnut, Noble
American
Magnolia Pacific
Willow, black Pine:
Eastern white
Western white
Redcedar, western
Redwood
Spruce, Sitka
D
Example Dimensions for Fig. 3 Test Standard Finger Joint:
Group 2—Bond Well
Butternut Douglas-fir Afrormosia Meranti (lauan):
A
Code Dimensions, in. (mm) Degrees
E
Elm: Larch, western Andiroba White
a 1.312 (33.32) .
American Pine: Angelique Light red
Rock Sugar Avodire Yellow f 0.250 (6.25) .
Hackberry Ponderosa Banak Obeche wt 0.047 (1.19) .
Maple, soft Redcedar, eastern Iroko Okoume wb 0.092 (2.34) .
Sweetgum Jarrah Opepe s (Slope) 5°
Sycamore Limba Peroba rosa
A
The dimensions given are for a typical horizontal finger joint and are examples
Tupelo Mahogany: Sapele
only.
Walnut, black African Spanish-cedar
FIG. 3 Test Standard Finger-Joint Form
Yellow-poplar True Sucupira
Wallaba
F
Group 3—Bond Satisfactory
5.2 The initial development of Specification D3110 was
Ash, white Alaska-cedar Angelin Meranti (lauan),
dark red
based on finger-joint assemblies made under controlled labo-
Beech, American Port-Orford-cedar Azobe Pau marfim
ratory conditions. In the development of this revised specifi-
Birch: Pine, southern Benge Parana-pine
cation the results obtained with laboratory-made specimens
Sweet Bubinga Pine:
Yellow Karri Caribbean
(see 12.1.2) were compared to those obtained with industrially
Cherry Radiata
manufactured specimens (see 12.1.1). These finger joints were
Hickory: Ramin
prepared using previously certified adhesives in cooperation
Pecan
True
with a manufacturer or equipment supplier who had the
Madrone
necessary finger-joint cutter and assembly equipment. These
Maple, hard
finger joints may vary in geometry and length from manufac-
Oak:
C
Red
turer to manufacturer, and this variation could affect the
C
White
performance of the bonded-finger-joint assembly. (See 12.1,
G
Group 4—Bond With Difficulty
12.4, and 12.5.) Fig. 3 depicts a sample finger-joint configu-
Osage-orange Balata Keruing
Persimmon Balau Lapacho
ration.
Greenheart Lignumvitae
5.2.1 When changes are made in the design of the industri-
Kaneelhart Rosewood
ally manufactured finger joint, the new design should be
Kapur Teak
A 7 compared to a control design that has been used successfully.
From Wood Handbook Table 9-1 (with the species incense cedar added to
Group 1) U.S. Forest Service, USDA, Washington, DC. Although this table is of
5.3 An industrially manufactured finger joint should be
historical significance, it is recognized that more modern adhesives might lead to
evaluated using the requirements for compliance with this
differentspeciesgroupingsinregardtodifficultyofbonding.Theuserisreferredto
specification,inaccordancewith4.1.Whenthisspecificationis
5.2.
B
Bond very easily with adhesives of a wide range of properties and under a
used to evaluate specimens made from field-manufactured
wide range of bonding conditions.
assemblies, the results may not compare favorably with those
C
Difficult to bond with phenol-formaldehyde adhesive.
D
run on specimens made from laboratory-made assemblies.
Bondwellwithafairlywiderangeofadhesivesunderamoderatelywiderange
of bonding conditions.
5.4 Test requirements are provided to determine if the
E
Wood from butt logs with high extractive content are difficult to bond.
adhesive is suitable for dry use or wet use.
F
Bond satisfactorily with good-quality adhesives under well-controlled bonding
5.5 The dry test and exposure conditions and treatments are
conditions.
G
Satisfactory results require careful selection of adhesives and very close
to evaluate adhesives used in nonstructural finger joints for
control of bonding conditions; may require special surface treatment.
typical service conditions.
5.5.1 The 220°F (104°C) test, a more severe test, is de-
signed to evaluate the product after exposure to short-term
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Adhesives are classified as dry use or wet use. Each
classification includes consideration of short-term in-transit
exposure conditions at elevated temperatures up to 220°F
Selbo, M. L., “Effects of Joint Geometry onTensile Strength of Finger Joints,”
(104°C). Forest Products Journal, Vol 13, No. 9, September 1963, pp. 390–400.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5572 – 95 (Reappproved 1999)
elevated-temperature conditions. This test is intended to simu-
late conditions that might be experienced in transit, further
processing, or in-service conditions.
NOTE 4—Thesetypicalserviceconditionscouldincludestressandtime
under stress, as well as elevated temperature.
5.6 Procedures are described in sufficient detail to permit
duplication in different testing laboratories.
5.6.1 Record any deviations in these procedures on the
report forms, Appendix X1, as it may have an impact on the
results obtained. Test data are only valid for the length and
design used. (See 12.4.)
5.7 To avoid potential problems that would be caused by
interrupting the bonding process, the adhesive-performance
level should be determined by the finger-joint manufacturer
Example Dimensions for Fig. 4 Flexure Test Specimen:
priortohandlingandearlyshipment.Beforebeginningthefull
A
Code Dimension, in. (mm)
testing process, the testing laboratory should pull a represen-
tativesampleandcheckthedrystrengthfirst,inordertoensure Ls 12.0 (307.2)
b 0.75 (19.2)
that the product basically conforms with
...