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ASTM D6717-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)

Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear density of "as produced" elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers using a skein.
For the determination of linear density of elastomeric yarns using short length specimens, refer to Test Method D 2591.
1.2 The method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns, or yarns spun from elastomeric staple, or elastomeric yarns removed from fabrics.
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the test the US Customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2001
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6717-07 - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D2731-21 - Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D2591-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Short Length Specimens)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D2653-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001

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ASTM D6717-01 - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)ASTM D6717-01 - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)
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ASTM D6717-01 - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6717–01
Standard Test Method for
Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6717; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope originallengthandwhichafterremovalofthetensileforcewill
immediately and forcibly return to approximately its original
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear
length.
density of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber,
3.1.3 linear density, n—mass per unit length.
spandex or other elastomers using a skein.
3.1.4 tex, n—the unit of linear density, equal to the mass in
NOTE 1—For the determination of linear density of elastomeric yarns
grams of 1000 m of fiber, yarn, or other textile strand, that is
using short length specimens, refer to Test Method D 2591.
used in a direct yarn numbering system.
1.2 The method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or
3.2 For definitions of other terms related to textiles used in
core-spun yarns, or yarns spun from elastomeric staple, or
this standard, refer to Terminology D 123.
elastomeric yarns removed from fabrics.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns
having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).
4.1 Aspecimen of specified length is wound into skein form
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary
on a reel.The skein is cut, removed from the reel and weighed.
units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the test
Linear density is calculated using the mass of the skein and the
theUSCustomaryunitsareinparentheses.Thevaluesstatedin
length of yarn.
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
5. Significance and Use
shall be used independently of the other.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tance testing of commercial shipments because current esti-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- mates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
2. Referenced Documents
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
teststhatareashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthesame
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results
D 2591 Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric
during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers
Yarns (Skein Specimens)
to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories
involved should be compared using a statistical test for
3. Terminology
unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing
3.1 Definitions:
series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and
3.1.1 denier, n—the unit of linear density, equal to the mass
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
in grams of 9000 m of fiber, yarn, or other textile strand that is
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
used in a direct yarn numbering system.
5.2 Linear density of elastomeric yarns is used in some
3.1.2 elastomeric yarn, n—a nontextured yarn which can be
calculations for tensile and elastic properties.
stretched repeatedly at room temperature to at least twice its
5.3 The test method is based on elastomeric yarns in the
“as-produced” condition, but may be used for treated elasto-
meric yarns provided the treatment is specified. The method
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
does not cover the removal of finish for the determination of
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns.
linear density of “finish-free” elastomeric yarns.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001. Published October 2001.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6717
6. Apparatus 8. Conditioning
6.1 Reel , 1.125-m (1.230-yd) circumference, with multiple 8.1 No preconditioning is required for currently produced
positions for making several skeins at one time, guides that rubber and other elastomeric yarns.
apply minimal friction to the running yarn, and with vertical- 8.2 Condition the specimens, without tension, on specimen
mount creel, with automatic counter to set and count the boards in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as
number of revolutions. The operating speed may be from 25 to directedinPracticeD 1776whichis21 61°C(70 62°F)and
40 rpm; however, 30 rpm is preferred. 65 6 2 % relative humidity for a minimum of 4 h.
6.2 Measuring Tape, 6-mm (0.25-in.) wide, steel, accurate
9. Preparation of Equipment and Calibration
to 1 mm (0.05 in.), to verify the reel circumference.
6.3 Pads, sheepskin, to prevent yarn from sloughing off the
9.1 Periodically confirm the circumference of the reel cir-
bottom of the package during reeling.
cumference at each end and the middle as directed in 9.2.
6.4 Balance, with an accuracy of 6 0.1 % of the expected
9.2 Make one wrap of the measuring tape around the reel
mass of the specimens. Balance pan should be protected from
and apply tension to the tape by attaching an 0.5 kg (1.0 lb)
drafts.
weight to the end. Read the circumference directly from the
tape to the nearest mm (0.05 in.).
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
9.3 If the circumference at any of the three areas is outside
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
the limits of 6 5 mm (0. 2 in.)., adjust the reel as directed in
take a random number of shipping units directed in an
the manufacturer’s directions to bring the measurement within
applicable material specification or other agreement between
limits.
the purchaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to use
Practice D 2258. Consider shipping cases or other shipping 10. Procedure
units to be the primary sampling units.
10.1 Test all specimens in the standard atmosphere for
testing textiles.
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability 10.2 Position the reel bar with the posts in the uppermost
between shipping units, between packages or ends within a shipping unit,
and horizontal position.
and be
...

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5.1 Test Method D6612 for yarn number and yarn number variability is satisfactory for acceptance of commercial shipments and is used in the trade.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established tests values are used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.1.2 The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
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5.3 Indices of Variability:  
5.3.1 Coefficient of Variation—%CV is a standard statistical calculation and is the most common index of yarn unevenness. For most textile applications in the 80 to 330 dtex (70 to 300 denier) range, a 1.0 to 1.3 %CV is adequate. %CV of yarns coarser than 666 dtex (600 denier) is not routine and usually not meaningful. %CV is less discriminating that %DS.  
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5.4 When a yarn is incorporated into or removed from a more complex structure, alterations may occur as a result of ...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount and direction of twist at the completion of any stage of twisting in single (spun or filament), plied, cabled, or novelty (exclusive of long-term repeat patterns) yarns. The procedures are designed primarily for yarns in packages, but, with special precautions, they are applicable to yarns taken from fabrics. The procedure for spun yarn in 9.2 is also applicable to rovings.  
1.2 For plied yarns, this test method covers the determination of the twist of the plied yarns and the twist of the single yarn before plying. For cabled yarns, the test method covers the determination of the cable or hawser twist; the twist of the plied yarn after plying, but prior to the last twisting operation; and the twist of the single yarn before plying. Procedures are also included for the determination of the twists of the single and plied yarn components as they lie in the final structure. Also, directions are included for the determination of twist in plied yarn made with direct cabling technology.  
1.3 This test method is not intended for yarns that extend more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5 mN/tex [0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex]. Following the procedures of this test method for such yarns would be independent of the bias and precision determined for this test method. The report from such testing should include the tension used for this testing.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: For a more rapid but less accurate method of determining twist in single spun yarns, refer to Test Method D1422.
Note 2: This test method has been evaluated for use in de...

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ASTM
ASTM D2258/D2258M-16(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling. Many plans that include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.  
5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
5.2.2 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define sampling and testing frequency based on the following: process capability or capability analysis, historical trends, level of detection rate required, confidence level requirements, known variations or special causes, or both. Every attempt to ensure conforming product is being produced, identify potential nonconforming product or proper isolation and identification, will be carried out by the manufacturer.  
5.2.3 Sampling count and number of specimens will be based on standard practice listed within the document. Increase or decrease in count or frequency might be applied based on typical standard deviation, precision and confidence level, Measurement System...
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1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM D2256/D2256M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—Option A1 of Test Method D2256 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. However, this statement is not applicable to knot and loop breaking force tests, tests on wet specimens, tests on oven-dried specimens, or tests on specimens exposed to low or high temperatures and should be used with caution for acceptance testing because factual information on between-laboratory precision and bias is not available.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Fundamental Properties—The breaking tenacity, calculated from the breaking force and the linear density, and the elongation are fundamental properties that are widely used to establish limitations on yarn processing or conversion and on their end-use applications. Initial modulus is a measure of the resistance of the yarn to extension at forces below the yield point. The chord modulus is used to estimate the resistance to imposed strain. The breaking toughness is a measure of the work necessary to break the yarn.  
5.3 Comparison to Skein Testing—The single-strand method gives a more a...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile properties of monofilament, multifilament, and spun yarns, either single, plied, or cabled with the exception of yarns that stretch more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 0.05 to 1.0 cN/tex [0.5 to 1.0 gf/tex].  
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of breaking force and elongation of yarns and includes directions for the calculation of breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, and breaking toughness.  
1.2.1 Options are included for the testing of specimens in: (A) straight, (B) knotted, and (C) looped form.  
1.2.2 Conditions of test are included for the testing of specimens that are: (1) conditioned air, (2) wet, not immersed, (3) wet, immersed, (4) oven-dried, (5) exposed to elevated temperature, or (6) exposed to low temperature.  
Note 1: Special methods for testing yarns made from specific fibers; namely, glass, flax, hemp, ramie, and kraft paper and for specific products; namely, tire cords and rope, have been published: Test Methods D885, and Specification D578.
Note 2: For directions covering the determination of breaking force of yarn by the skein method refer to Test Method D1578.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization estab...

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