ASTM D4486-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Kinematic viscosity is a physical property which is of importance in the design of systems in which flowing liquids are used or handled.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of kinematic viscosity of transparent, Newtonian liquids which because of their reactivity, instability, or volatility cannot be used in conventional capillary kinematic viscometers. This test method is applicable up to 2 × 10−5 N/m2 (2 atm) pressure and temperature range from −53 °C to +135 °C (−65 °F to +275 °F).
1.1.1 For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of other liquids, see Test Method D445. The difference between the two methods is in the viscometers. The viscometers specified in used Specification D446 are open to the atmosphere, while the viscometers in this method are sealed. When volatile liquids are measured in sealed viscometers, the density of the vapor may not be negligible compared with the density of the liquid and the working equation of the viscometer has to account for that. See Section 11 for details.
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and Annex A1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4486 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4486; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of kinematic
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
viscosity of transparent, Newtonian liquids which because of
their reactivity, instability, or volatility cannot be used in
2. Referenced Documents
conventional capillary kinematic viscometers. This test method
2
−5 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is applicable up to 2 × 10 N/m (2 atm) pressure and tem-
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
perature range from −53 °C to +135 °C (−65 °F to +275 °F).
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.1.1 For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of
ity)
other liquids, see Test Method D445. The difference between
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
the two methods is in the viscometers. The viscometers
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
specified in used Specification D446 are open to the
D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers
atmosphere, while the viscometers in this method are sealed.
and Viscosity Oil Standards
When volatile liquids are measured in sealed viscometers, the
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
density of the vapor may not be negligible compared with the
Fuels, and Lubricants
density of the liquid and the working equation of the viscom-
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
eter has to account for that. See Section 11 for details.
SI 10 IEEE/ASTM Standard for Use of the International
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
3. Terminology
onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
3.1 Definitions:
Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
to Terminology D4175.
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
3.2.1 density, n—the mass per unit volume of a substance at
by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales
a given temperature and pressure.
in their location.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The cgs unit of density (ρ) has the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
dimensions of grams per cubic centimetre. The SI unit of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
density has the dimensions of kilograms per cubic metre.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 dynamic viscosity, η, n—the ratio between the applied
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
shear stress and rate of shear of a material.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and Annex
3.2.2.1 Discussion——It is sometimes called the coefficient
A1.
of dynamic viscosity or absolute viscosity. Dynamic viscosity
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
is a measure of resistance to flow or deformation which
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
constitutes a material’s ability to transfer momentum in re-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sponse to steady or time-dependent external shear forces.
Dynamic viscosity has the dimension of mass divided by
length and time and its SI unit is pascal times second (Pa·s).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.L0.07 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids
2
(Formally D02.1100). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4486 − 18 D4486 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4486; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of kinematic viscosity of transparent, Newtonian liquids which because of their
reactivity, instability, or volatility cannot be used in conventional capillary kinematic viscometers. This test method is applicable
−5 2
up to 2 × 10 N/m (2 atm) pressure and temperature range from −53 °C to +135 °C (−65 °F to +275 °F).
1.1.1 For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of other liquids, see Test Method D445. The difference between the two
methods is in the viscometers. The viscometers specified in used Specification D446 are open to the atmosphere, while the
viscometers in this method are sealed. When volatile liquids are measured in sealed viscometers, the density of the vapor may not
be negligible compared with the density of the liquid and the working equation of the viscometer has to account for that. See
Section 11 for details.
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious
medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution
when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional
information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national
law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and Annex A1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
SI 10 IEEE/ASTM Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.07 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids (Formally D02.1100).
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018Dec. 1, 2023. Published February 2019December 2023. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20102018
as D4486 – 10.D4486 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D4486-18.10.1520/D4486-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4486 − 23
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 density—density, n—the mass per unit volume of a substance at a given temperature and pressure.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
The cgs unit of density (ρ) has the dimensions of grams per cubic centimetre. The SI unit of densit
...
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