ASTM D4453-16

Standard Practice for Handling of High Purity Water Samples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The determination of trace impurities (on the order of parts per billion) in high purity water places extreme requirements on all aspects of the analytical system. This is particularly true when ubiquitous species such as sodium and chloride are of interest because they can potentially be introduced as contaminants at almost every step of an analytical procedure. Contamination can occur during sample collection, during sample storage by leaching of improperly cleaned containers, during sample transfer, and by handling with pipets, syringes, etc., and during the actual analysis by contaminated reagents and sample cells and loop systems. It is also possible that trace contaminants can be lost from samples by volatilization or precipitation, by diffusion into the matrix of the container material, and by “plating out” on the walls of sampling lines by flow phenomena.  
4.2 Strict adherence to a given procedure is necessary to achieve good results at trace levels of analysis because very small differences in procedure execution will affect precision and the addition or loss of nanogram amounts of analyte may affect the accuracy of a determination.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers concepts for handling high purity water samples needed for the measurement of ever-decreasing levels of specified impurities that are encountered in the operation of modern high-pressure boilers and turbines. The handling of blanks associated with the analysis of high purity water samples is also covered by this practice. The techniques presented can help the investigator increase the accuracy of analyses performed.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to water and steam samples from “zero solids treated” once-through or drum-type boilers, reactor coolant water, electronic grade water, or any other process water where analyte concentrations are in the low parts per billion (micrograms per litre) range.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in 6.2.3.5, 6.1, and 6.3.7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Feb-2016
• ICS: 13.060.30 - Sewage water
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4453-11 - Standard Practice for Handling of High Purity Water Samples
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Replaced By: ASTM D4453-17 - Standard Practice for Handling of High Purity Water Samples
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D5086-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, and Sodium in Atmospheric Wet Deposition by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D5464-16 - Standard Test Method for pH Measurement of Water of Low Conductivity
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D5127-13(2018) - Standard Guide for Ultra-Pure Water Used in the Electronics and Semiconductor Industries
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D3370-18 - Standard Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing Process Streams
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D4309-18 - Standard Practice for Sample Digestion Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating Technique for the Determination of Total Metals in Water
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D4691-17 - Standard Practice for Measuring Elements in Water by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D5128-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for On-Line pH Measurement of Water of Low Conductivity
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D5996-16 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Anionic Contaminants in High-Purity Water by On-Line Ion Chromatography
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D1193-06(2018) - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D6502-10(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of On-line Integrated Samples of Low Level Suspended Solids and Ionic Solids in Process Water by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D5196-06(2018) - Standard Guide for Bio-Applications Grade Water
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D5463-18 - Standard Guide for Use of Test Kits to Measure Inorganic Constituents in Water
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D4517-15(2023) - Standard Test Method for Low-Level Total Silica in High-Purity Water by Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4453 − 16
Standard Practice for
1
Handling of High Purity Water Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4453; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
2
3.1 Definitions:
1.1 This practice covers concepts for handling high purity
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
water samples needed for the measurement of ever-decreasing
Terminology D1129.
levels of specified impurities that are encountered in the
operation of modern high-pressure boilers and turbines. The
4. Significance and Use
handling of blanks associated with the analysis of high purity
4.1 The determination of trace impurities (on the order of
water samples is also covered by this practice. The techniques
presented can help the investigator increase the accuracy of parts per billion) in high purity water places extreme require-
ments on all aspects of the analytical system. This is particu-
analyses performed.
larlytruewhenubiquitousspeciessuchassodiumandchloride
1.2 This practice is applicable to water and steam samples
are of interest because they can potentially be introduced as
from “zero solids treated” once-through or drum-type boilers,
contaminants at almost every step of an analytical procedure.
reactor coolant water, electronic grade water, or any other
Contamination can occur during sample collection, during
processwaterwhereanalyteconcentrationsareinthelowparts
sample storage by leaching of improperly cleaned containers,
per billion (micrograms per litre) range.
during sample transfer, and by handling with pipets, syringes,
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as etc., and during the actual analysis by contaminated reagents
and sample cells and loop systems. It is also possible that trace
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. contaminants can be lost from samples by volatilization or
precipitation, by diffusion into the matrix of the container
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
material,andby“platingout”onthewallsofsamplinglinesby
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
flow phenomena.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Strict adherence to a given procedure is necessary to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
achieve good results at trace levels of analysis because very
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
small differences in procedure execution will affect precision
statements are given in 6.2.3.5, 6.1, and 6.3.7.
and the addition or loss of nanogram amounts of analyte may
affect the accuracy of a determination.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Reagents and Materials
D1066Practice for Sampling Steam
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
usedinalltests.Itisintendedthatallreagentsshallconformto
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of
theAmerican Chemical Society, where such specifications are
4
available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-
Water-Formed Deposits,Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
nation.
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2016. Published March 2016. Originally
5.2 Purity of Water—Reference to water that is used for
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4453–11. DOI:
reagent preparation, rinsing or dilution shall be understood to
10.1520/D4453-16.
2
This practice suggests the use of specific techniques. As new techniques are
developedorrequiredbylowerlimits,revisionofthispracticewilllikelybeneeded.
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or “Reagent Chemicals,American Chemical Society Specifications,”Am. Chemi-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM cal Soc., Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on theAmerican Chemical Society, see “Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals,”
the ASTM website. BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the “United States Pharmacopeia.”
Copyright © ASTM Internationa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4453 − 11 D4453 − 16
Standard Practice for
1
Handling of High Purity Water Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4453; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This practice covers concepts for handling high purity water samples needed for the measurement of ever-decreasing levels
of specified impurities that are encountered in the operation of modern high-pressure boilers and turbines. The handling of blanks
associated with the analysis of high purity water samples is also covered by this practice. The techniques presented can help the
investigator increase the accuracy of analyses performed.
1.2 This practice is applicable to water and steam samples from “zero solids treated” once-through or drum-type boilers, reactor
coolant water, electronic grade water, or any other process water where analyte concentrations are in the low parts per billion
(micrograms per litre) range.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in 6.2.3.5, 6.1, and 6.3.7.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions: For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The determination of trace impurities (on the order of parts per billion) in high purity water places extreme requirements
on all aspects of the analytical system. This is particularly true when ubiquitous species such as sodium and chloride are of interest
because they can potentially be introduced as contaminants at almost every step of an analytical procedure. Contamination can
occur during sample collection, during sample storage by leaching of improperly cleaned containers, during sample transfer, and
by handling with pipets, syringes, etc., and during the actual analysis by contaminated reagents and sample cells and loop systems.
It is also possible that trace contaminants can be lost from samples by volatilization or precipitation, by diffusion into the matrix
of the container material, and by “plating out” on the walls of sampling lines by flow phenomena.
4.2 Strict adherence to a given procedure is necessary to achieve good results at trace levels of analysis because very small
differences in procedure execution will affect precision and the addition or loss of nanogram amounts of analyte may affect the
accuracy of a determination.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and Water-Formed
Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011Feb. 15, 2016. Published April 2011March 2016. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
D4453 – 02D4453 – 11.(2006). DOI: 10.1520/D4453-11.10.1520/D4453-16.
2
This practice suggests the use of specific techniques. As new techniques are developed or required by lower limits, revision of this practice will likely be needed.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4453 − 16
5. Reagents and Materials
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. It is intended that all reagents shall conform to the
specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemic
...