ASTM C1821/C1821M-16(2021)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installation of Underground Circular Precast Concrete Manhole Structures
Standard Practice for Installation of Underground Circular Precast Concrete Manhole Structures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful as a reference by an owner and/or the engineer in preparing project specifications.
4.2 The practice is useful as a reference by an owner, engineer, or installing contractor to properly install precast concrete circular manholes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures to be followed in the planning, site preparation, installation, testing and backfilling of underground vertical reinforced circular precast concrete manholes and components manufactured in accordance with Specification C478/C478M and used in sewer, drainage, and water works.
1.2 Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this practice. Also, precast concrete utility structures covered in Specification C858 are excluded from this practice.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: C1821/C1821M − 16 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
Installation of Underground Circular Precast Concrete
Manhole Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1821/C1821M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Reapproved with editorial changes to referenced documents in January 2021.
1. Scope C443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and
Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
1.1 Thispracticecoverstheprocedurestobefollowedinthe
C443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and
planning, site preparation, installation, testing and backfilling
Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)
of underground vertical reinforced circular precast concrete
C478/C478M Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced
manholes and components manufactured in accordance with
Concrete Manhole Sections
Specification C478/C478M and used in sewer, drainage, and
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
water works.
Products
1.2 Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under
C858 Specification for Underground Precast Concrete Util-
thispractice.Also,precastconcreteutilitystructurescoveredin
ity Structures
Specification C858 are excluded from this practice.
C881/C881M Specification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
Systems for Concrete
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
C923/C923M Specification for Resilient Connectors Be-
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
tween Reinforced Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes,
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
and Laterals
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
C928/C928M Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-
from the two systems shall not be combined.
Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C969M Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(Metric)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
C990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Sealants
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
C990M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Flexible Joint Sealants (Metric)
C1107/C1107M Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-
2. Referenced Documents
Cement Grout (Nonshrink)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1244/C1244M Test Method for Concrete Sewer Manholes
by the Negative Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test Prior to
Backfill
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.06 on Manholes
C1478/C1478M Specification for Storm Drain Resilient
and Specials.
Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete Storm Sewer
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally
Structures, Pipes, and Laterals
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C1821/C1821M - 16.
DOI: 10.1520/C1821_C1821M-16R21E01.
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (Visual-Manual Procedures)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1821/C1821M − 16 (2021)
F2510/F2510M Specification for Resilient Connectors Be- 5.3 The jobsite inspection shall give consideration to the
tween Reinforced Concrete Manhole Structures and Cor- soil structure and ground water table so that proper shoring or
rugated Dual- and Triple-Wall Polyethylene and Polypro- sloping or both may be planned in advance of the excavation
pylene Pipes work that will affect the installation of the manhole structure.
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
6. Planning
AASHTO M145 Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate
Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes
6.1 Permits required to do work in accordance with the
2.3 Federal Standard:
detail plans and project construction schedule shall be secured
29 CFR Part 1926 Safety and Health Regulations for Con-
before commencement of the manhole installation.
struction
6.2 All utilities and owners of surface and subsurface
facilities and structures in the area shall be given advance
3. Terminology
notification of proposed excavation directly by the installer or
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcrete
at a designated pre-construction meeting.
manholes, see Terminology C822. For terminology related to
6.3 Planning shall include the coordination of all respon-
soil classifications, see Practices D2487 and D2488.
sible parties, including the designated precast concrete man-
3.2 engineer, n—owner’s representative, either designer of
hole manufacturer to arrange for the delivery, distribution, and
record or inspector, with responsible charge of the owner’s
storage of required material. If such material cannot be stored
interest during the installation phase of construction.
on the site, other storage areas or delivery arrangements shall
3.3 installer, n—prime contractor, subcontractor, or work
be provided.
crewassignedtheresponsibilitytoexcavate,place,andbackfill
the furnished manhole structure. 6.4 Prior to ordering of the manhole components the in-
staller shall review all proposed manhole installation locations
3.4 non-shrink grout, n—a cementitious in accordance with
on the project with the design engineer and identify any
Specification C1107/C1107M, or Specification C928/C928M,
potential conflicts or reasons for movement of the manhole to
or polymer modified in accordance with Specification C881/
a more appropriate location. If a conflict is identified onsite
C881M.
prior to excavation or while performing layout, the engineer
shall be notified immediately to propose alternative location
4. Significance and Use
and to provide the precast manhole producer opportunity to
4.1 This practice is useful as a reference by an owner and/or
alter production of the manhole structure.
the engineer in preparing project specifications.
6.5 The installer shall notify the precast concrete manufac-
4.2 The practice is useful as a reference by an owner,
turer if any delays in permits, utility location, or other
engineer, or installing contractor to properly install precast
unforeseen conditions will alter the original agreed delivery
concrete circular manholes.
schedule or revise a precast manhole structure configuration as
shown in the project plans or approved fabrication drawings.
5. Site Inspection
6.6 As required by the owner, engineer, installer or manhole
5.1 The construction area shall be carefully inspected by the
installer using the project drawings and a checklist to identify manufacturer shop drawings shall be prepared for approval
prior to fabrication. The shop drawings shall include, but not
the work to be done and to determine that the plans are correct.
5.1.1 The location of the circular manhole structure should limited to detailed information describing each structure com-
ponent to be fabricated and the associated assembly of the
be where it will cause minimal interference with traffic and
shall be clearly defined on project documents. manhole structures by the installing contractor.
5.1.2 All underground facilities and structures that are in
6.6.1 Shopdrawingsshallalsoincludesteellayoutdetailsof
possible conflict with the installation shall be located and
any specialty items including flattop slabs, flattop reducing
identified. Location markings shall be placed by the affected
slabs, base sections, special barrel section openings, reducer
utilities before the construction.
cones.
6.6.2 The shop drawings shall include certification of com-
5.2 The jobsite inspection shall identify any obstacles that
pliance to the project plans and specifications or clearly note
will interfere with manhole excavation, unloading or setting
any specific exceptions to the same.
operations, product storage, work progress, or create a safety
hazard. Precautionary arrangements shall be made before
7. Delivery
excavation begins.
7.1 Manufacturer shall verify manhole components are in
compliance to approved shop drawings prior to shipment to the
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
project site.
Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org.
7.2 The installer shall inspect the manhole components for
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
damage during shipping and unloading, and any non-
Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
www.access.gpo.gov. compliance to approved shop drawings.
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C1821/C1821M − 16 (2021)
7.2.1 If any damage or non-compliance is identified, the 8.2.4 Manhole components shall be lifted with equipment
installer shall take corrective action by notifying the manufac- appropriate to the application and with sufficient capacity to
turer. Upon inspection if the damage may affect the perfor- safely handle the weight of the product.
mance of the manhole structure, the area shall be repaired in 8.2.5 When transporting manhole components on site it is
accordance with Specification C478/C478M. If the damaged the installers’ responsibility to ensure the speed and mode of
manhole component cannot be repaired in accordance with transporting the manhole components prevents any possible
Specification C478/C478M, that component shall not be in- damage to the product.
stalled.
NOTE 1—Excessive travel bouncing of the product can introduce
7.2.2 The installer shall measure the received manhole
unanticipated loadings, cause damage or disassembly of the lifting device
components upon delivery to verify the products furnished are
to the lifting points.
in compliance to the approved shop drawings. This includes
9. Excavation and Shoring
butnotlimitedto:pipeholeplacementtoconfirmpipeentrance
and exit angles are correct, the distance from the exterior
9.1 The excavation size shall allow for the overall as-
bottom of the manhole base to the hole placement and
sembled height of the manhole structure including any fabri-
corresponding pipe invert elevation to calculate and verify
cated sump, plus the height of any grade ring sections, a
required excavation elevations to maintain pipe grade to
manhole frame and cover, and any bedding material required.
project requirements. Verify the manhole components supplied
The excavation shall have sufficient width and length, in
can be constructed to the correct finished grade elevation with
accordance with local, state, and federal regulations, to ensure
components furnished prior to installation. Any identified
safe installation and when compaction of the backfill is
issues with any of these items shall be reported immediately to
required.
the precast manhole manufacturer.
9.2 When material unsuitable for installing the manhole
7.2.3 Installer shall verify the delivered frames and covers/
components is encountered during excavation it shall be
grates comply with the project requirements.
removed to the requirements on the project drawings or as
7.2.4 If manhole product(s) need to be stored onsite, it is the
specified by the engineer. Over-excavated areas shall be
installer’s responsibility to ensure the product is placed on
backfilled with engineer approved materials specified for the
level ground and free from unnecessary mud or debris to
leveling course.
prevent damage to the manhole components. Special joint
9.3 The contractor shall make such provisions as required to
materials: gaskets, lubricant, mastic if furnished shall be stored
ensure adequate drainage of the trench to protect the leveling
securely and in accordance with manufacturer’s recommenda-
course during the construction operations.Where surface water
tions.
or groundwater conditions exist, the site and trench shall be
7.2.5 The installing contractor should consult the manufac-
dewatered to a level that will provide satisfactory installation.
turerwhenstoringmanholeproductsforperiodslongerthan30
days.
9.4 Shoring if utilized for construction shall be in accor-
dance with all national, regional and local regulations.
8. Safety Requirements
9.5 If shoring is to be removed it shall be done in accor-
8.1 Safety requirements for construction shall be in accor-
dance with the shoring manufacturer’s recommendations or
dance with all national, regional, and local regulations.
approved safe construction practices.The installer shall use the
appropriate lifting equipment to safely remove the shoring and
8.2 Manhole components shall only be handled with appro-
to prevent any disturbance or damage to the manhole.
priately rated handling equipment from the safe lift points
designated by the manufacturer of the precast manhole sec-
9.6 Voids in the sidefill that are created by movement of the
tions. Manhole ladders, steps or appurtenances are not to be
shoring shall be filled and compacted in accordance with 12.7.
used as lifting points.
10. Foundation
8.2.1 The manhole-lifting apparatus shall meet or exceed
safeworkingloadcapacitywithrespecttotheliftingpointsand
10.1 The foundation shall be moderately firm to hard in situ
the unit weight to be handled including all required safety
material, stabilized soil, or compacted fill material with ad-
factors as required by code and law within the jur
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