ASTM A859/A859M-95(1999)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Age-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
Standard Specification for Age-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for low-carbon age-hardening nickel-copper-chromium-molybdenum-columbium alloy steel forgings for pressure vessel components.
1.2 Forgings under this specification are available in two classes as follows:
1.2.1 Class 1 -Normalized-and-precipitation-heat-treated, providing a minimum yield strength of 55 ksi [380 MPa] and a minimum tensile strength of 65 ksi [450 MPa].
1.2.2 Class 2 -Quenched-and-precipitation-heat-treated, providing a minimum yield strength of 65 ksi [450 MPa] and a minimum tensile strength of 75 ksi [MPa].
1.3 Although the material is readily weldable, welding procedures are of fundamental importance and must be such as not to affect adversely the properties of the material, especially in the heat-affected zone. It is presupposed that welding procedures will be suitable for the material being welded.
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 859/A 859M – 95 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Specification for
Age-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel
Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 859/A 859M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
1.1 This specification covers requirements for low-carbon
A 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of
age-hardening nickel-copper-chromium-molybdenum-col-
Heavy Steel Forgings
umbium alloy steel forgings for pressure vessel components.
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
1.2 Forgings under this specification are available in two
ments
classes as follows:
E 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to
1.2.1 Class 1—Normalized-and-precipitation-heat-treated,
Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic
providing a minimum yield strength of 55 ksi [380 MPa] and
Steels
a minimum tensile strength of 65 ksi [450 MPa].
2.2 ASME Standard:
1.2.2 Class 2—Quenched-and-precipitation-heat-treated,
ASME Code Section IX Boiler and Pressure Vessel
providing a minimum yield strength of 65 ksi [450 MPa] and
Code—Section IX, Welding Qualifications
a minimum tensile strength of 75 ksi [MPa].
1.3 Although the material is readily weldable, welding
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
procedures are of fundamental importance and must be such as
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
not to affect adversely the properties of the material, especially
Specification A 788, the purchaser shall include with the
in the heat-affected zone. It is presupposed that welding
inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch, or written
procedures will be suitable for the material being welded.
description of the forging and the method of selecting test
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when
location (see 6.3). When appropriate, the areas of significant
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply
loading in the forging shall be designated.
only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
the requirements of Specification A 788, which outlines addi-
be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units
tional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test-
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not
ing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certifica-
exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-
tion, product analysis variations, and additional supplementary
pendently of the other. Combining values from the two systems
requirements.
may result in nonconformance with the specification.
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound and
with the requirements of Specification A 788, the requirements
SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable
of this specification shall prevail.
“M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be
furnished to inch-pound units.
4. Manufacture
4.1 Melting Practice—The steel shall be made to a killed,
2. Referenced Documents
fine austenitic grain size, practice.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Heat Treatment:
A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-
2 4.2.1 Class 1 material shall be normalized at a temperature
nation of Steel Forgings
in the range from 1600 to 1725°F [870 to 940°C] and then
precipitation heat treated in the range from 1000 to 1225°F
[540 to 665°C] for a time to be determined by the material
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, manufacturer.
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1995. Published March 1995. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
published as A 859/A 859M – 86. Last previous edition A 859/A 859M – 88a Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
(1993). Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. New York, NY 10017.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 859/A 859M – 95 (1999)
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
4.2.2 Class 2 material shall be liquid quenched from a
temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725°F [870 to 940°C] Class 1 Class 2
and then precipitation heat treated in the range from 1000 to
Yield strength, 0.2 % offset, min, ksi 55 [380] 65 [450]
[MPa]
1225°F [540 to 665°C] for a time to be determined by the
Tensile strength, ksi [MPa] 65–85 [450–585] 75–95 [515–655]
material manufacturer.
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, 20 20
%
5. Chemical Composition Reduction of area, min, % 45 45
5.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam-
pling in accordance with Specification A 788 shall comply with
TABLE 3 Charpy Impact Requirements
Table 1.
at −50°[−45°C]
5.2 Product Analysis—The purchaser may use the product
A
Average value of set of 3 specimens, min, ft/lb [J] 20 [27]
analysis provision of Specification A 788 to obtain a product
Value of 1 specimen, min, ft/lb [J] 15 [20]
analysis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat.
A
Not more than one specimen from a set may be below this value.
6. Mechanical Requirements
than 1 ⁄2 in. [40 mm] to a second as-heat-treated surface. When
6.1 Tensile Requirements—The forgings, as represented by
this method of testing is employed, forgings are usually
the tension test specimens, shall conform to the requirements
manufactured in accordance with a purchaser-approved draw-
of Table 2. The largest obtainable tension test specimen as
ing showing pre-heat-treatment dimensions and the location of
specified in Test Methods and Definitions A 370 shall be used.
test specimens.
6.2 Notch Toughness Requirements:
6.3.3 Method 3— ⁄4 T by T, where T is the maximum
6.2.1 Unless Supplementary Requirement S6 is specified,
thickness of the forging as-heat-treated. When this method of
the steel shall conform to the requirements of Table 3. One set
testing is employed for Class 2, the maximum as-heat-treated
of three specimens shall be removed from each specimen
thickness shall not exceed 8 in. [200 mm] unless otherwise
location as specified in 6.3. The supplier may select a test
agreed.
temperature colder than that specified in the order, but in any
6.3.4 Method 4—Test specimens shall be taken from a
case, the actual test temperature shall be reported with the test
representative separate test forging or bar made from the same
results.
heat of steel that shall receive substantially the same reduction
6.2.2 Full-size, 10 by 10 mm, Charpy V-notch specimens
and type of hot working as the production forgings which it
shall be used unless the material thickness or configuration
represents; except that a longitudinally forged bar may be used
makes it impossible to obtain full-size specimens. If the use of
to represent a rolled ring of similar cross section. It shall be of
sub-size specimens is necessary, the largest standard sub-size
the same nominal thickness as the as-heat-treated production
specimen it is possible to obtain shall be used.
forgings and shall be heat treated in the same furnace charge
6.2.3 The acceptance values for sub-size specimens shall be
and under the same conditions as the production forgings. Test
reduced in direct ratio to the reduction of specimen width.
specimens shall be removed using the ⁄4 T by T procedure
6.3 Sampling—The longitudinal axis and the mid-length of
referenced in Method 3 with the same limitation on forging
tension and impact test specimens shall be positioned in
thickness as in 6.3.3. This method shall be limited to forgings
accordance with one of the following methods as specified by
with a rough machined weight of not more than 1000 lb [455
the purchaser:
kg].
6.3.1 Method 1—This method shall always be used when
6.4 Metal Buffers—The required distances from as-heat-
the maximum as-heat-treated thickness does not exceed 2 in.
treated surfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead of
[50 mm]. Specimens shall be located in the production forging
integral extensions. Buffer material may be carbon or low-alloy
or test forging (as described in Method 4) at mid-thickness and
steel and shall be joined to the forging with a partial penetra-
at least 2 in. [50 mm] from other as-heat-treated surfaces.
tion weld that seals the buffered surface. Specimens shall be
6.3.2 Method 2—T by 2T, where T is the distance from the
located at least ⁄2 in. [13 mm] from the buffered surface of the
area of significant loading (see 3.1) to the nearest as-heat-
forg
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