ASTM A719/A719M-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Lamination Factor of Magnetic Materials
Standard Test Method for Lamination Factor of Magnetic Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Lamination factor, S, indicates the deficiency of effective steel volume which is due to the presence of oxides, roughness, insulating coatings, and other conditions affecting the steel surface.
4.2 The term Lamination Factor, S, pertains strictly to the determination of the proportion of material as defined by precise sampling and procedures of this test method. Alternative usage of the term Lamination Factor has evolved to include sampling and procedures outside of the context of this test method. Consideration of alternative sampling and procedures should not be included within the scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the lamination factor (Note 1) of a specimen composed of strips cut from magnetic material.Note 1—Lamination factor is also termed space factor or stacking factor.
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M.
1.3 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this test method, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A719/A719M − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Lamination Factor of Magnetic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA719/A719M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the calculated (equivalent solid) volume to the measured
volume is the lamination factor.
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the lamination
factor (Note 1) of a specimen composed of strips cut from
4. Significance and Use
magnetic material.
4.1 Lamination factor, S, indicates the deficiency of effec-
NOTE 1—Lamination factor is also termed space factor or stacking
tive steel volume which is due to the presence of oxides,
factor.
roughness, insulating coatings, and other conditions affecting
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with
the steel surface.
Practice A34/A34M.
4.2 The term Lamination Factor, S, pertains strictly to the
1.3 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu
determination of the proportion of material as defined by
and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as
precise sampling and procedures of this test method. Alterna-
standard. Within this test method, SI units are shown in
tive usage of the term Lamination Factor has evolved to
brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact
include sampling and procedures outside of the context of this
equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently
test method. Consideration of alternative sampling and proce-
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
dures should not be included within the scope of this test
result in nonconformance with this test method.
method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
5. Apparatus
concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
5.1 Testing Machine—A compression testing machine or
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
other compression device capable of exerting the specified
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
pressure.
tions prior to use.
5.2 Metal Plates—Two flat, smooth, rigid metal plates with
2. Referenced Documents
square edges and ends are required. They shall be of sufficient
2
stiffness to distribute the pressure uniformly over the surface of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the sample. Each plate shall be 8.46 in. [215 mm] long and
A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing
have a minimum width of 1.97 in. [50 mm] so that the area of
of Magnetic Materials
strips under pressure when testing 1.18-in. [30-mm] wide
2 2
specimens will be 10 in. [6450 mm ].
3. Summary of Test Method
5.2.1 Extensions can be added to the plates to allow the use
3.1 The laminated test specimen is subjected to pressure in
of micrometers or outside calipers instead of inside calipers for
a compression device and the resulting volume is then deter-
determining plate separation. Precautions must be taken to
mined from the measured specimen height, width, and length.
ensure that, within the limits of accuracy of the measurements,
An equivalent solid volume is calculated from the specimen
no significant deflection of these extensions result from the test
mass and the true density of the specimen material.The ratio of
pressure.
5.3 Length-Measuring Tools—Calipers or other devices of
adequate accuracy for measurement of plate separation.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
MagneticPropertiesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA06.01onTest
6. Sampling
Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally
6.1 Test strips shall be selected as representative of the
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A719/A719M-02
surface condition. Core loss test specimens (Epstein test
(2007). DOI: 10.1520/A0719_A0719M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or specimens) are normally used for this purpose.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 In routine testing, where the core loss specimens are too
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. small to conform to the minimum number of strips requirement
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A719/A719M − 14
ofTable1,sufficientspecimensmaybecombinedtoprovidean 8.5 If more than one test pressure is used, apply the
adequate test specimen. The combined specimens must be of press
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A719/A719M − 02 (Reapproved 2007) A719/A719M − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Lamination Factor of Magnetic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A719/A719M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the lamination factor (Note 1) of a specimen composed of strips cut from magnetic
material.
NOTE 1—Lamination factor is also termed space factor or stacking factor.
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M.
1.3 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as
standard. Within this test method, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in
nonconformance with this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of
this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The laminated test specimen is subjected to pressure in a compression device and the resulting volume is then determined
from the measured specimen height, width, and length. An equivalent solid volume is calculated from the specimen mass and the
true density of the specimen material. The ratio of the calculated (equivalent solid) volume to the measured volume is the
lamination factor.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Lamination factor, S, indicates the deficiency of effective steel volume which is due to the presence of oxides, roughness,
insulating coatings, and other conditions affecting the steel surface.
4.2 The term Lamination Factor, S, pertains strictly to the determination of the proportion of material as defined by precise
sampling and procedures of this test method. Alternative usage of the term Lamination Factor has evolved to include sampling and
procedures outside of the context of this test method. Consideration of alternative sampling and procedures should not be included
within the scope of this test method.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Testing Machine—A compression testing machine or other compression device capable of exerting the specified pressure.
5.2 Metal Plates—Two flat, smooth, rigid metal plates with square edges and ends are required. They shall be of sufficient
stiffness to distribute the pressure uniformly over the surface of the sample. Each plate shall be 8.46 in. [215 mm] long and have
a minimum width of 1.97 in. [50 mm] so that the area of strips under pressure when testing 1.18-in. [30-mm] wide specimens will
2 2
be 10 in. [6450 mm ].
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.01 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007May 1, 2014. Published January 2008May 2014. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as
A719/A719M-02. -02 (2007). DOI: 10.1520/A0719_A0719M-02R07.10.1520/A0719_A0719M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A719/A719M − 14
5.2.1 Extensions can be added to the plates to allow the use of micrometers or outside calipers instead of inside calipers for
determining plate separation. Precautions must be taken to ensure that, within the limits of accuracy of the measurements, no
significant deflection of these extensions result from the test pressure.
5.3 Length-Measuring Tools—Calipers or other devices of adequate accuracy for measurement of plate separation.
6. Sampling
6.1 Test strips shall be selected as representative of the surface condition. Cor
...
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