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ASTM D705-99(2020)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds

Standard Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the testing and requirements for two types of compression-molding, thermosetting urea-formaldehyde molding compounds. Type 1 are general purpose molding compounds with alpha-cellulose fillers, while, Type 2 are general purpose molding compounds with cellulose fillers other than alpha-cellulose. The molding compounds shall be of uniform composition, and the apparent density, bulk factor, plasticity, particle size, and color shall be compounded as to conform to the requirements prescribed herein. Also, sampled test specimens shall be examined and conform correspondingly to the following physical requirements: specific gravity; flexural strength; impact resistance; water absorption; dielectric strength; and arc resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers compression molding thermosetting, urea-formaldehyde molding compounds as further defined in 3.1.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
Note 1: The properties included in this specification are those required to identify the types of molding compounds covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics. Transfer or injection molding will usually result in different physical and electrical characteristics than compression molding.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2: ISO 2112-1977(E) is similar but not equivalent to this specification. Product classification and characterization are not the same.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2020
ICS
83.140.99 - Other rubber and plastics products
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.16 - Thermosetting Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D149-20 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Refers
ASTM D790-17 - Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2017
Refers
ASTM D790-15e1 - Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM D790-15 - Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM D3892-15 - Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D3892-93(2009) - Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Refers
ASTM D618-08 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008
Refers
ASTM D792-08 - Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Refers
ASTM D790-07 - Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2007
Refers
ASTM D790-07e1 - Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2007
Refers
ASTM D256-06a - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Refers
ASTM D256-06ae1 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Refers
ASTM D256-06 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Refers
ASTM D570-98(2005) - Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Refers
ASTM D256-05a - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM D705-99(2020) - Standard Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Molding CompoundsASTM D705-99(2020) - Standard Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
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ASTM D705-99(2020) - Standard Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D705 −99 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Urea-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D705; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Impact Resistance of Plastics
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc
1.1 This specification covers compression molding
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
thermosetting, urea-formaldehyde molding compounds as fur-
D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
ther defined in 3.1.
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
standard.
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
als
NOTE1—Thepropertiesincludedinthisspecificationarethoserequired
to identify the types of molding compounds covered. There may be other
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics. Transfer or
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
injection molding will usually result in different physical and electrical
D956 Practice for Compression Molding Specimens of
characteristics than compression molding.
Amino Molding Compounds (Withdrawn 1992)
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
2.2 ISO Standard:
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
ISO 2112-1977(E) Plastics—Aminoplastic Moulding
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user 4
Materials—Specification
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
environmental practices and determine the applicability of 3. Classification
regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 The molding compounds covered by this specification
shall be designated by types, based upon their principal
NOTE 2—ISO 2112-1977(E) is similar but not equivalent to this
specification. Product classification and characterization are not the same.
characteristics and the fillers used.
3.1.1 Type 1—A general purpose molding compound with
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
alpha-cellulose filler.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.2 Type 2—A general purpose molding compound with
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
cellulose filler other than alpha-cellulose.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. General Requirements
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 The molding compounds shall be of uniform composi-
tion. The apparent density, bulk factor, plasticity, particle size,
2. Referenced Documents
2 and color shall be compounded as to conform to the require-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ments prescribed in this specification.
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
5. Detail Requirements
at Commercial Power Frequencies
5.1 Test specimens molded in accordance with Practice
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
D956 shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
6. Sampling
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
6.1 A batch of molding compound shall be considered as a
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.16 on Thermosetting
Materials. unit of manufacture as prepared for shipment and may consist
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
of a blend of two or more production runs.
approvedin1943.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2012asD705 - 99(2012).DOI:
10.1520/D0705-99R20.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the
...

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1.3 This classification system and subsequent line call out (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and performance required of the part, environment to which it will be exposed, fabrication process to be employed, costs involved, and inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7258-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polymeric Piles

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the physical and performance requirements for round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications including, by not limited to, marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments. It does not apply to individual polymeric pile products, sheet piles, and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems. Covered here are six types of polymeric piles that are fabricated from materials that may be virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. These types are: Type I, polymeric only; Type II, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of chopped, milled or continuous fiber or mineral; Type III, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of metallic bars, cages, or shapes; Type IV, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of non-metallic bars or cages; Type V, polymeric composite tube with a concrete core; and Type VI, any other polymeric piling meeting the requirements stated herein and not otherwise described by Types I through V. The polymeric tiles shall adhere to specified physical attributes such as size, cross-sectional shape, length, straightness, placement of reinforcement, and surface conditions. The performance requirements which pile specimens shall conform to include creep rupture, serviceability, flexural properties, shear strength, bearing strength, design flexural stiffness, energy absorption, compressive strength, combined stresses, dimensional stability (thermal expansion), hygrothermal cycling, and flame spread index.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the use of round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications, including but not limited to marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments.  
1.2 This specification is only applicable to individual polymeric pile products. Sheet pile and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems, are not part of this specification.  
1.3 The piling products considered herein are characterized by the use of polymers, whereby (1) the pile strength or stiffness requires the inclusion of the polymer, or (2) a minimum of fifty percent (50 %) of the weight or volume is derived from the polymer. The type classifications of polymeric piles described in Section 4 show how they can be reinforced by composite design for increased stiffness or strength.  
1.4 This specification covers polymeric piles fabricated from materials that are virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. Diverse types and combinations of inorganic filler systems are permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products. Inorganic fillers include such materials as talc, mica, silica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, etc. Pilings are often placed in service where they will be subjected to continuous damp or wet exposure conditions. Due to concerns of water sensitivity and possible affects on mechanical properties in such service conditions, organic fillers, including lignocellulosic materials such as those made or derived from wood, wood flour, flax shive, rice hulls, wheat straw, and combinations thereof, are not permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products.  
1.5 The values are stated in inch-pound units as these are currently the most common units used by the construction industry.  
1.6 Polymeric piles under this specification are designed using design stresses determined in accordance with Test Methods D6108, D6109, and D6112 and procedures contained within this specification unless otherwise specified.  
1.7 Although in some instances it will be an important component of the pile design, frictional properties are currently beyond the scope of this document.  
1.8 Criteria for design are included as part of this specification for polymeric piles. Certain Types and...

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ASTM
ASTM D7486-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fines and Dust Particles on Plastic Pellets by Wet Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Molding and extruding plastic pellets require dust free, dry pellets to prevent processing problems. Plastic producers try to remove the dust and streamers with dust removal systems prior to packaging and loading. How to accurately measure dust and streamer content in plastic pellets is an important quality control issue.  
5.2 Particle size analysis is used to determine a percentage of particle size distribution from a representative sample of the whole. In terms of size analysis concerning plastic pellets, sieving is used to determine the dust content in the range of 500 to 2000 micron. Test Method D1921, Test Method B, is used to determine this type of particle sizing.  
5.3 After dry sieve analysis, particles smaller than 500 microns need to be analyzed by wet method. A fresh sample shall be used for wet analysis. This test method allows washing down the fines attached to the pellets by electrostatic forces.  
5.4 The wet analysis provides accurate quantification of small to large amounts of fines, negating static effects, and eliminating detrimental effects of mechanical agitation. A wet analysis must be employed to accurately quantify lower PPM dust levels in plastic pellets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the amount of fine particles adhered on plastic pellets or granules in which they are commonly produced and supplied. The lower limit of this test method is restricted only by the porosity of the filter disc used to capture the particle size being quantified.  
1.2 The wet analysis technique allows for separation and collection of statically charged particles by liquid wash and filtration methods. This must be performed under standard laboratory conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This test method describes an essential practice to check the quality of plastics once the production cycle is terminated and to evaluate the performance of pellet cleaning systems or of the special pneumatic conveying systems for the distinct size fractions below 500 micron only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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