ASTM D3233-19

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Extreme Pressure Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Methods)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Evaluations by both test methods differentiate between fluids having low, medium, and high levels of extreme-pressure properties. The user should establish any correlation between results by either method and service performance.
Note 3: Relative ratings by both test methods on the fluids covered in Table X2.1 and Table X2.2 are in good general agreement with four-ball weld-point relative ratings obtained on these same fluids, covered in Test Method D2783.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for making a preliminary evaluation of the load-carrying properties of fluid lubricants by means of the Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine.  
Note 1: Additional information can be found in Appendix X1 regarding coefficient of friction, load gauge conversions, and load gauge calibration curve.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2019
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.11 - Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3233-93(2014) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Extreme Pressure Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Methods)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM B16/B16M-19 - Standard Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM D2670-95(2016) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Wear Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Refers: ASTM B16/B16M-10(2015) - Standard Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
• Effective Date: 01-May-2015
• Refers: ASTM D2783-03(2014) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014
• Refers: ASTM B16/B16M-10 - Standard Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Refers: ASTM D2670-95(2010) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Wear Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Method)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Refers: ASTM D2783-03(2009)e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM D2783-03(2009) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM B16/B16M-05 - Standard Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2005
• Refers: ASTM D2670-95(2004) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Wear Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Refers: ASTM D2783-03 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Refers: ASTM B16/B16M-00 - Standard Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2000
• Refers: ASTM D2670-95(1999) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Wear Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Refers: ASTM D2783-88(1998) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1998

Overview

ASTM D3233-19: Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Extreme Pressure Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Methods) establishes two widely recognized laboratory procedures to evaluate the load-carrying, extreme-pressure (EP) properties of fluid lubricants. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is essential for distinguishing lubricants by their ability to prevent wear and withstand high-load conditions in various industrial applications.

The test methods employ the Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine to assess a lubricant’s EP performance. The results help users differentiate between fluids with low, medium, and high EP properties, providing crucial information for formulation, quality control, and service performance correlation.

Key Topics

• Test Methods Overview: ASTM D3233-19 presents two procedures:

  • Test Method A (Run-Up Test): The applied load is continuously increased until failure.
  • Test Method B (One-Minute Step Test): Load is applied in fixed increments, each held for a predetermined period until failure is observed.

• Measurement Principle: Both methods involve rotating a steel journal against two stationary V-blocks immersed in the test lubricant. The maximum load at which the lubricant fails to prevent seizure is recorded as the failure point.

• Calibration and Reporting:

  • Test machines require calibration to ensure accurate measurement of true load.
  • Results are reported as “true load at failure” (referenced to a standardized calibration curve).
  • Both inch-pound units and mathematical SI conversions are noted, though only inch-pound values are standard.

• Differentiation and Comparison:

  • The test methods can effectively distinguish between lubricants with varying EP properties.
  • Results are generally in agreement with other established EP test methods, such as the ASTM D2783 Four-Ball method.

• Safety and Compliance:

  • Users are responsible for appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices.
  • The standard is aligned with internationally recognized principles established by the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Applications

ASTM D3233-19 is utilized across industries where lubricant performance under extreme pressure is critical, including:

• Formulation and Quality Control: Lubricant manufacturers use these test methods to develop and batch-test oils and greases formulated for high-load or boundary lubrication environments.

• Product Comparison and Benchmarking: Laboratories can compare the EP performance of new or existing lubricant products to industry benchmarks, supporting product claims and marketing.

• Specification and Purchase Decisions: Equipment manufacturers and operators reference ASTM D3233-19 results to specify lubricants capable of safeguarding critical components against severe wear and failure.

• Regulatory and Contractual Compliance: The standard provides an objective metric for lubricant selection, supporting compliance with relevant industrial guidelines and contracts.

Related Standards

Utilizing ASTM D3233-19 in conjunction with other test methods enhances reliability and comparability of lubricant performance assessments:

• ASTM D2670: Test Method for Measuring Wear Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Method)
• ASTM D2783: Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)
• ASTM B16/B16M: Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines

Keywords: ASTM D3233-19, extreme pressure properties, fluid lubricants, Falex Pin and Vee Block, load-carrying, lubricant testing, wear prevention, industrial lubricant standards, calibration, ASTM International, tribology, quality control.

By providing clear, reproducible data on EP properties, ASTM D3233-19 supports critical decision-making in lubricant development, equipment maintenance, and product selection for high-load applications.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3233 − 19
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Extreme Pressure Properties of Fluid
Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Methods)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3233; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for making a
3. Terminology
preliminary evaluation of the load-carrying properties of fluid
lubricants by means of the Falex Pin and Vee Block Test
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Machine.
3.1.1 actual gauge load, n—the value obtained from the
gauge while running the test and before any corrections are
NOTE 1—Additional information can be found in Appendix X1 regard-
ing coefficient of friction, load gauge conversions, and load gauge made.
calibration curve.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This gauge reading is irrespective of
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
the particular gauge used, and corrections are made by com-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
parison to a standard reference.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1.2 direct load, n—thatwhichisappliedlinearly,bisecting
and are not considered standard.
the angle of the vee block corrected to either the 800lbf or
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3000lbf gauge reference.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This load is equivalent to the true load
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
times the cos 42°.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.3 true load, n—the sum of the applied forces normal to
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
the tangents of contact between the faces of one vee block and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the journal pin corrected to the 4500lbf gauge reference line.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.4 true load failure value, n—the true load at which the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
lubricanttestedcannolongersupporttheappliedloadresulting
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
in either test pin or shear pin breakage, or inability to maintain
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
or increase load.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—This value is also referred to as the
2. Referenced Documents
2 limit of extreme pressure.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B16/B16MSpecification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar
4. Summary of Test Methods
and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
D2670Test Method for Measuring Wear Properties of Fluid
4.1 Both test methods consist of running a rotating steel
Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Method)
journal at 290rpm 6 10rpm against two stationary V-blocks
D2783Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure
immersed in the lubricant sample. Load is applied to the
V-blocks by a ratchet mechanism. In Test MethodA(Note 1),
increasing load is applied continuously. In Test Method B
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
(Note 1), load is applied in 250lbf (1112N) increments with
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
load maintained constant for 1min at each load increment. In
Subcommittee D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and
Lubricates. both methods the load-fail value obtained is the criteria for
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally
level of load-carrying properties. Both methods require cali-
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D3233–93 (2014).
bration of the load gauge and reporting of test results as true
DOI: 10.1520/D3233-19.
(corrected) loads rather than actual gauge loads.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on NOTE 2—Test Method A is referred to as the Falex Run-Up Test. Test
the ASTM website. Method B is referred to as the Falex One-Minute Step Test.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3233 − 19
5. Significance and Use 7.2 Standard Test Journals, ⁄4in. (6.35mm) outside diam-
eterby1 ⁄4in.(31.75mm)long,AISI3135steel,HRB87to91
5.1 Evaluations by both test methods differentiate between
on a ground flat surface, surface finish 5µin. to 10µin.
fluidshavinglow,medium,andhighlevelsofextreme-pressure
−7
−7
(1.3×10 mto2.5×10 m) rms.
properties. The user should establish any correlation between
results by either method and service performance.
7.3 Locking Pins, ⁄2 H brass, conforming to Specification
B16/B16M.
NOTE 3—Relative ratings by both test methods on the fluids covered in
Table X2.1 and Table X2.2 are in good general agreement with four-ball
7.4 Solvent, safe, nonfilming, nonchlorinated.
weld-point relative ratings obtained on these same fluids, covered in Test
Method D2783.
NOTE4—Petroleumdistillateandbenzene,formerlyusedassolventsin
this method, have been eliminated due to possible toxic effects. Each user
should select a solvent that can meet applicable safety standards and still
6. Apparatus
thoroughly clean the parts.
6.1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine, illustrated in
Fig.1,Fig.2,andFig.3,fittedwith4500lbf(20000N)gauge
8. Preparation of Apparatus
or 3000lbf (13350N) gauge.
8.1 Cleaning:
6.2 Required for Calibration:
4 8.1.1 ThoroughlycleantheV-blocks,testjournals,lubricant
6.2.1 Allen Screw, with attached 10mm Brinnell ball.
cup, and supports for V-blocks and test journals by washing,
6.2.2 Back-Up Plug.
4 successively, with solvent selected in 7.4. Dry the V-blocks,
6.2.3 Standard Test Coupon, soft, annealed copper, Hb
test journals, lubricant cup, and supports by allowing the final
37–39.
solvent to evaporate in air.
6.2.4 Brinnell Microscope, or equivalent.
8.1.2 After cleaning, handle the test pieces with care to
6.2.5 Timer, graduated in seconds and minutes.
prevent contamination. Particularly, avoid contact of fingers
6.2.6 Rule, steel, 6in. (approximately 150mm) long.
with mating surfaces of V-blocks and test journals.
7. Reagents and Materials
8.2 Assembly:
8.2.1 Insert the test journal into the test shaft and secure
7.1 Standard Coined-Blocks, 96° 6 1° angle, AISI C-1137
steel, HRC 20 to 24, surface finish 5 µin. to 10 µin. with a new brass locking pin, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.
−7 −7
(1.3×10 mto2.5×10 m), rms.
8.2.2 Insert the V-blocks into the recesses of the loading
deviceandswingtheV-blocksinwardtocontactthejournalso
that the V-grooves are aligned with the journal major axis, as
shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.
8.2.3 Place 60mL of test lubricant in the lubricant cup and
The Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine, available from the Falex Corp.,
raise the cup so that the V-blocks are immersed in the test
1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554 has been found satisfactory for this
lubricant. With highly viscous fluids, open the jaws slightly to
purpose. A new model of this machine has been available since 1983. Certain
ensure that the wear surfaces are covered with the lubricant.
operatingproceduresaredifferentforthisnewmodel.Consultinstructionmanualof
machine for this information.
Available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Falex Standard Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
D3233 − 19
FIG. 2 Falex Digital Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
10.1.3 Actuate the motor, engage the automatic loading
ratchet, and increase the load to 300lbf (1334N) true load
(264lbf direct load). Disengage the loading ratchet, start the
timer, and allow the machine to run at this loading for a 5min
run-in period.
NOTE7—Maintainloadatnearconstantbytakinguptheloadmanually
or automatically by means of the ratchet wheel if necessary.
10.2 Test:
10.2.1 Re-engage the automatic loading ratchet and leave it
engaged until failure (Note 8) and stop the motor at failure or
at the highest indicated actual gauge load when no failure is
obtained.
NOTE8—Failureisindicatedby(a)breakageofshearpinortestpin,or
(b) inability to take up the load automatically by means of the ratchet
FIG. 3 Exploded View of V-Blocks and Journal Arrangement,
wheel.
Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machines
10.2.2 Record the true load failure, or, if no failure, the true
load with a plus (+) sign after the true load value.
8.2.4 Place the automatic loading device, with attached
TEST METHOD B
gauge, on the jaw arms.
11. Run-In and 250 lbf (1112 N) True Load Increments
TEST METHOD A
11.1 The procedure, Section 12, requires a run-in at 300lbf
(1334N) true load (264lbf direct load), and testing at incre-
9. Run-In
mental250lbf(1112N)trueload(224lbfdirectload)overthe
9.1 Theprocedure,Section10,requiresarun-inata300lbf
range from 500lbf to 4500lbf (2224N to 20000N) true load
(1334N) true load (264lbf direct load).
(412lbfto2885lbfdirectload).Recordonasuitablereporting
NOTE5—Newerinstrumentsuseelectroniccalibrationfortrueloadand
form, such as shown in Table 1.
do not require calculation and plotting of true load versus gauge load
curves. For older machines these calculations are in Appendix X3 and 12. Procedure
Appendix X4.
12.1 Run-In—Usethesameprocedureasprescribedin10.1,
NOTE 6—Asuitable reporting form forTest MethodsAand B, and data
Test Method A.
obtained on one of the fluids by one of the cooperating laboratories, is
shown in Table 1.
12.2 Test:
12.2.1 Re-engage the automatic loading ratchet and leave it
10. Procedure
engaged until 500lbf (2224N) true load (412lbf direct load).
10.1 Run-In:
Run for 1 min at this loading.
10.1.1 Turnon“HeatControl”switchandheattestlubricant
NOTE 9—Maintain load at near constant at this load and at subsequent
to 120°F 6 5°F (48.89°C 6 3°C); then turn off the switch.
incremental loading by taking up the load by means of the ratchet wheel
10.1.2 Remove slack from assembly by moving the ratchet
when necessary.
wheel by hand. At this setting the torque gauge should read
NOTE 10—Keep the motor running after run-in and throughout subse-
zero, or be adjusted to zero. quent loadings.
D3233 − 19
TABLE 1 Suggested Report Form, Test Methods A and B, Showing Data
Operator: Laboratory A
Test Sample: L-XI-1-2-E
TEST METHOD A
Run-In: 5 min at 300 lbf true load.
True Load,
lbf at Failure
Test No. 1 2100
Test No. 2 1925
TEST METHOD B
Run-In: 5 min at 300 lbf true load.
True Load, lbf Test No. 1 Test No. 2
500 pass pass
750 pass pass
1000 pass pass
1250 pass pass
1500 pass pass
1750 pass fail
2000 pass
2250 fail
12.2.2 Increase load by 250lbf (1112N) true load (224lbf would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of
direct load), running for 1 min at each increment loading. the test method, exceed the following values only in one case
Record the load at which failure occurs (Note 12, Note 13). If in twenty:
no failure is obtained, record t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3233 − 93 (Reapproved 2014) D3233 − 19
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Extreme Pressure Properties of Fluid
Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Methods)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3233; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for making a preliminary evaluation of the load-carrying properties of fluid
lubricants by means of the Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine.
NOTE 1—Additional information can be found in Appendix X1 regarding coefficient of friction, load gagegauge conversions, and load gagegauge
calibration curve.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B16/B16M Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
D2670 Test Method for Measuring Wear Properties of Fluid Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Method)
D2783 Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 actual gagegauge load, n—the value obtained from the gagegauge while running the test and before any corrections are
made.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
This gagegauge reading is irrespective of the particular gagegauge used, and corrections are made by comparison to a standard
reference.
3.1.2 direct load, n—that which is applied linearly, bisecting the angle of the vee block corrected to either the 800800 lbf or
3000-lbf gage3000 lbf gauge reference.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
This load is equivalent to the true load times the cos 42°.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.L0.11 on TribiologicalTribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2019. Published February 2015January 2020. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
ε1
D3233 – 93 (2009)(2014). . DOI: 10.1520/D3233-93R14.10.1520/D3233-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3233 − 19
3.1.3 true load, n—the sum of the applied forces normal to the tangents of contact between the faces of one vee block and the
journal pin corrected to the 4500 lbf gage 4500 lbf gauge reference line.
3.1.4 true load failure value, n—the true load at which the lubricant tested can no longer support the applied load resulting in
either test pin or shear pin breakage, or inability to maintain or increase load.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
This value is also referred to as the limit of extreme pressure.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 Both test methods consist of running a rotating steel journal at 290290 rpm 6 10 rpm 10 rpm against two stationary
V-blocks immersed in the lubricant sample. Load is applied to the V-blocks by a ratchet mechanism. In Test Method A (Note 1),
increasing load is applied continuously. In Test Method B (Note 1), load is applied in 250-lbf (1112-N)250 lbf (1112 N) increments
with load maintained constant for 1 min 1 min at each load increment. In both methods the load-fail value obtained is the criteria
for level of load-carrying properties. Both methods require calibration of the load gagegauge and reporting of test results as true
(corrected) loads rather than actual gagegauge loads.
NOTE 2—Test Method A is referred to as the Falex Run-Up Test. Test Method B is referred to as the Falex One-Minute Step Test.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Evaluations by both test methods differentiate between fluids having low, medium, and high levels of extreme-pressure
properties. The user should establish any correlation between results by either method and service performance.
NOTE 3—Relative ratings by both test methods on the reference fluids covered in Table 1X2.1 and Table 2X2.2 are in good general agreement with
four-ball weld-point relative ratings obtained on these same reference fluids, covered in Test Method D2783.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine, illustrated in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3, fitted with 4500-lbf (20 000-N) gage or
3000-lbf (13 350-N) gage.4500 lbf (20 000 N) gauge or 3000 lbf (13 350 N) gauge.
6.2 Required for Calibration:
6.2.1 Allen Screw, with attached 10-mm10 mm Brinnell ball.
6.2.2 Back-Up Plug.
6.2.3 Standard Test Coupon, soft, annealed copper, Hb 37–39.
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Falex Standard Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
The Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine, available from the Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554 has been found satisfactory for this purpose. A
new model of this machine has been available since 1983. Certain operating procedures are different for this new model. Consult instruction manual of machine for this
information.
Available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.
D3233 − 19
FIG. 2 Falex Digital Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
FIG. 3 Exploded View of V-Blocks and Journal Arrangement,
Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machines
6.2.4 Brinnell Microscope, or equivalent.
6.2.5 Timer, graduated in seconds and minutes.
6.2.6 Rule, steel, 6-in.6 in. (approximately 150-mm)150 mm) long.
7. Reagents and Materials
4 −7
7.1 Standard Coined-Blocks, 9696° 6 1° angle, AISI C-1137 steel, HRC 20 to 24, surface finish 55 μin. to 10 μin. (1.3 × 10 m
−7
to 2.5 × 10 m), m), rms.
1 1
7.2 Standard Test Journals, ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) in. (6.35 mm) outside diameter by 1 ⁄4 in. (31.75 mm) in. (31.75 mm) long, AISI
−7 −7
3135 steel, HRB 87 to 91 on a ground flat surface, surface finish 55 μin. to 10 μin. 10 μin. (1.3 × 10 m to 2.5 × 10 m) m)
rms.
7.3 Locking Pins, ⁄2 H brass, conforming to Specification B16/B16M.
7.4 Solvent, safe, nonfilming, nonchlorinated.
NOTE 4—Petroleum distillate and benzene, formerly used as solvents in this method, have been eliminated due to possible toxic effects. Each user
should select a solvent that can meet applicable safety standards and still thoroughly clean the parts.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Cleaning:
8.1.1 Thoroughly clean the V-blocks, test journals, lubricant cup, and supports for V-blocks and test journals by washing,
successively, with solvent selected in 7.4. Dry the V-blocks, test journals, lubricant cup, and supports by allowing the final solvent
to evaporate in air.
8.1.2 After cleaning, handle the test pieces with care to prevent contamination. Particularly, avoid contact of fingers with mating
surfaces of V-blocks and test journals.
D3233 − 19
8.2 Assembly:
8.2.1 Insert the test journal into the test shaft and secure with a new brass locking pin, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.
8.2.2 Insert the V-blocks into the recesses of the loading device and swing the V-blocks inward to contact the journal so that
the V-grooves are aligned with the journal major axis, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.
8.2.3 Place 60 mL 60 mL of test lubricant in the lubricant cup and raise the cup so that the V-blocks are immersed in the test
lubricant. With highly viscous fluids, open the jaws slightly to ensure that the wear surfaces are covered with the lubricant.
8.2.4 Place the automatic loading device, with attached gage,gauge, on the jaw arms.
9. Preparation of True Load Calibration Curve
9.1 On log-log paper (K & E467080 or equivalent) draw a straight-line plot of load, pounds-force (newtons) (ordinate), versus
indentation diameter, millimetres (abscissa) using the data points shown below. Label this curve “True Load” (Note 5).
Load, lbf (N) Diameter, mm
(Ordinate) (Abscissa)
500 (2224) 2.62
1000 (4450) 3.42
1500 (6672) 4.00
2000 (8896) 4.47
NOTE 5—Fig. 3 shows the true-load calibration curve for the prescribed 4500-lbf (20 000-N) gage, prepared as covered in 9.1. Copies of Fig. 4, 8 by
11 in., are available at a nominal cost from ASTM. Although not originally used in development of these test methods, the 3000-lb direct reading load
gage should be satisfactory providing results are corrected and reported with respect to the true load (4500-lbf) reference line. Refer to Test Method D2670
for calibration of 3000-lb load gage.
10. Calibration of Load Gage 4500 lbf (20 000 N)
10.1 Remove the Allen set screw and ⁄2-in. (12.70-mm) ball from the left jaw socket (Fig. 5).
10.2 Insert the special Allen screw with the attached 10-mm Brinnell ball into the working face of the left jaw. Adjust so that
the ball projects about ⁄32 in. (approximately 4 mm) from the face of the jaw.
10.3 Insert the back-up plug in the counterbore of the right-hand jaw. Adjust so that the plug projects about ⁄32 in.
(approximately 0.8 mm) from the face.
10.4 Support the standard test coupon so that the upper edge of the coupon is about ⁄32 in. (approximately 2.5 mm) below the
upper surface of the jaws. Place a steel rule across the face of the jaws. Adjust the Allen screw with the attached 10-mm ball until
the face of the jaws are parallel to the steel rule with the test coupon in position for indentation.
10.5 With the test coupon in position for the first impression, place the load gage assembly on the level arms. Remove the slack
from the assembly by moving the ratchet wheel by hand.
10.6 Place the loading lever on the ratchet wheel and actuate the motor. Allow the motor to run until the load gage indicates
a load of 500 lbf (2224 N). A slight take-up on the ratchet wheel is required to hold the load due to the ball sinking into the test
coupon. After a 500-lbf (2224-N) load is obtained, hold for 1 min for the indentation to form.
10.7 Turn off the machine and back off the load until the test coupon is free of the jaws. Advance the test coupon approximately
⁄8 in. (approximately 9.5 mm). Additional indentations should be separated by a minimum distance of 2.5 times the diameter of
the initial indentation. Check the alignment of the jaws, and repeat the procedure described in 10.6 at gage loads of 1000, 1500,
and 2000 lbf (4448, 6672, and 8896 N).
10.8 Remove the load gage assembly and test coupon and measure the diameter of each indentation to 0.01 mm with a
microscope. Make three measurements of the indentation diameter, rotating the test coupon to ensure that no two measurements
represent the same points. Average the three measurements of each impression and record.
10.9 Plot the four impression readings on the same log-log plot of true load prepared as prescribed in 9.1 and shown as Fig.
4. Draw a straight line through the four impression readings and label the line “Actual Gage Load.”
NOTE 6—Currently, load gages are calibrated at the factory such that the actual 4500-lb gage load is equivalent to true load. Periodic calibrations should
be made to ensure correct values are being reported for true load.
TEST METHOD A
9. Determination of Actual Gage Load for Run-In
9.1 The procedure, Section 1210, requires a run-in at an actual gage load equivalent to 300-lbf (1334-N) true load (264-lbf direct
load). This actual gage load is obtained as follows from the plot of actual gage load and true load prepared in Sections a 300 lbf
(1334 N) true load (264 lbf direct load).9 and 10: Locate 300 lbf (1334 N) on the true load curve (264-lbf direct load). Through
this point draw a vertical line to intersect the actual gage load curve. Through this point of intersection draw a horizontal line to
the left-hand or right-hand load scale and read the actual gage load value. Record this actual gage load for run-in on a suitable
reporting form.
D3233 − 19
NOTE 5—Newer instruments use electronic calibration for true load and do not require calculation and plotting of true load versus gauge load curves.
For older machines these calculations are in Appendix X3 and Appendix X4.
NOTE 6—A suitable reporting form for Test Methods A and B, and data obtained on one of the reference fluids by one of the cooperating laboratories,
is shown in Table 31.Fig. 6 shows the calibration curves used by the laboratory reporting the data in Table 3.
10. Procedure
10.1 Run-In:
10.1.1 Turn on “Heat Control” switch and heat test lubricant to 120120 °F 6 5°F (48.895 °F (48.89 °C 6 3°C);3 °C); then turn
off the switch.
10.1.2 Remove slack from assembly by moving the ratchet wheel by hand. At this setting the torque gagegauge should read
zero, or be adjusted to zero.
10.1.3 Actuate the motor, engage the automatic loading ratchet, and increase the load to a gage load equivalent to 300-lbf
(1334-N) true load (264-lbf direct load), as determined in 300 lbf (1334 N) true load (264 lbf direct load). 8.1. Disengage the
loading ratchet, start the timer, and allow the machine to run at this loading for a 5-min5 min run-in period.
NOTE 7—Maintain load at near constant by taking up the load manually or automatically by means of the ratchet wheel if necessary.
10.2 Test:
10.2.1 Re-engage the automatic loading ratchet and leave it engaged until failure (Note 98) or until the highest indicated actual
gage reading is reached. Stop the and stop the motor at failure or at the highest indicated actual gagegauge load when no failure
is obtained. Record the gage load at failure. Record 4500 lbf (20 000 N) if no failure is obtained.
NOTE 8—Failure is indicated by (a) breakage of shear pin or test pin, or (b) inability to take up the load automatically by means of the ratchet wheel.
10.2.2 Using the calibration curves prepared in Sections Record the 9 and 10, determine and record the true load failure
equivalent to the actual gage load true load failure, or, if no failure, the true load equivalent to the highest indicated actual gage
load, with a plus ( + ) sign after the true load value.
NOTE 10—To convert actual gage load to true load, locate the gage load on the actual gage load curve. Through this point draw a vertical line to intersect
the true load curve. Through this point of intersection draw a
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