ASTM D6839-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated Compounds, and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated Compounds, and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of spark-ignition engine fuel composition is useful for regulatory compliance, process control, and quality assurance.
5.2 The quantitative determination of olefins and other hydrocarbon types in spark-ignition engine fuels is required to comply with government regulations.
5.3 This test method is not applicable to M85 fuels, which contain 85 % methanol.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of saturates, olefins, aromatics, and oxygenates in spark-ignition engine fuels by multidimensional gas chromatography. Each hydrocarbon type can be reported either by carbon number (see Note 1) or as a total.
Note 1: There can be an overlap between the C9 and C10 aromatics; however, the total is accurate. Isopropyl benzene is resolved from the C8 aromatics and is included with the other C9 aromatics.
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual hydrocarbon components except benzene.
1.3 This test method is divided into two parts, Part A and Part B.
1.3.1 Part A is applicable to automotive motor gasoline for which precision (Table 9) has been obtained for total volume fraction of aromatics of up to 50 %; a total volume fraction of olefins from about 1.5 % up to 30 %; a volume fraction of oxygenates, from 0.8 % up to 15 %; a total mass fraction of oxygen from about 1.5 % to about 3.7 %; and a volume fraction of benzene of up to 2 %. Although this test method can be used to determine higher-olefin contents of up to 50 % volume fraction, the precision for olefins was tested only in the range from about 1.5 % volume fraction to about 30 % volume fraction. The method has also been tested for an ether content up to 22 % volume fraction but no precision data has been determined.
1.3.1.1 This test method is specifically developed for the analysis of automotive motor gasoline that contains oxygenates, but it also applies to other hydrocarbon streams having similar boiling ranges, such as naphthas and reformates.
1.3.2 Part B describes the procedure for the analysis of oxygenated groups (ethanol, methanol, ethers, C3 to C5 alcohols) in ethanol fuels containing an ethanol volume fraction between 50 % and 85 % (17 % to 29 % oxygen). The gasoline is diluted with an oxygenate-free component to lower the ethanol content to a value below 20 % before the analysis by GC. The diluting solvent should not be considered in the integration, this makes it possible to report the results of the undiluted sample after normalization to 100 %.
1.4 Oxygenates as specified in Test Method D4815 have been verified not to interfere with hydrocarbons. Within the round robin sample set, the following oxygenates have been tested: MTBE, ethanol, ETBE, TAME, iso-propanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol and methanol. The derived precision data for methanol do not comply with the precision calculation as presented in this International Standard. Applicability of this test method has also been verified for the determination of n-propanol, acetone, and di-isopropyl ether (DIPE). However, no precision data have been determined for these compounds.
1.4.1 Other oxygenates can be determined and quantified using Test Method D4815 or D5599.
1.5 The method is harmonized with ISO 22854.
1.6 This test method includes a relative bias section for U.S. EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations for total olefins reporting based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D6839 and Test Method D1319 as a possible Test Method D6839 alternative to Test Method D1319. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuels in the total olefins concentration range from 0.2 % to 18.2 % by volume as measured by Test Method D6839. The applicable Test Method D1319 range for total olefins is from 0.6 % to 20.6 % by volume as reported by Test Method D1319.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measur...
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Designation: D6839 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated Compounds, and Benzene
1
in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6839; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE—Previously balloted and approved material was included and the year date changed on April 20, 2016.
1. Scope* is diluted with an oxygenate-free component to lower the
ethanol content to a value below 20 % before the analysis by
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination
GC. The diluting solvent should not be considered in the
of saturates, olefins, aromatics, and oxygenates in spark-
integration, this makes it possible to report the results of the
ignitionenginefuelsbymultidimensionalgaschromatography.
undiluted sample after normalization to 100 %.
Each hydrocarbon type can be reported either by carbon
number (see Note 1) or as a total.
1.4 Oxygenates as specified in Test Method D4815 have
NOTE 1—There can be an overlap between the C and C aromatics;
9 10
been verified not to interfere with hydrocarbons. Within the
however, the total is accurate. Isopropyl benzene is resolved from the C
8
round robin sample set, the following oxygenates have been
aromatics and is included with the other C aromatics.
9
tested: MTBE, ethanol, ETBE, TAME, iso-propanol,
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual
isobutanol, tert-butanol and methanol. The derived precision
hydrocarbon components except benzene.
data for methanol do not comply with the precision calculation
1.3 This test method is divided into two parts, Part A and
aspresentedinthisInternationalStandard.Applicabilityofthis
Part B.
test method has also been verified for the determination of
1.3.1 Part A is applicable to automotive motor gasoline for
n-propanol, acetone, and di-isopropyl ether (DIPE). However,
which precision (Table 9) has been obtained for total volume
no precision data have been determined for these compounds.
fraction of aromatics of up to 50 %; a total volume fraction of
1.4.1 Other oxygenates can be determined and quantified
olefins from about 1.5 % up to 30 %; a volume fraction of
oxygenates, from 0.8 % up to 15 %; a total mass fraction of using Test Method D4815 or D5599.
oxygenfromabout1.5%toabout3.7%;andavolumefraction
1.5 The method is harmonized with ISO 22854.
of benzene of up to 2 %.Although this test method can be used
to determine higher-olefin contents of up to 50 % volume 1.6 ThistestmethodincludesarelativebiassectionforU.S.
fraction, the precision for olefins was tested only in the range EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations for total olefins
from about 1.5 % volume fraction to about 30 % volume
reporting based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment be-
fraction. The method has also been tested for an ether content
tween Test Method D6839 and Test Method D1319 as a
up to 22 % volume fraction but no precision data has been
possible Test Method D6839 alternative to Test Method
determined.
D1319. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is
1.3.1.1 This test method is specifically developed for the
onlyapplicableforfuelsinthetotalolefinsconcentrationrange
analysis of automotive motor gasoline that contains
from 0.2 % to 18.2 % by volume as measured by Test Method
oxygenates, but it also applies to other hydrocarbon streams
D6839. The applicable Test Method D1319 range for total
havingsimilarboilingranges,suchasnaphthasandreformates.
olefins is from 0.6 % to 20.6 % by volume as reported by Test
1.3.2 Part B describes the procedure for the analysis of
Method D1319.
oxygenated groups (ethanol, methanol, ethers, C to C alco-
3 5
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
hols) in ethanol fuels containing an ethanol volume fraction
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
between 50 % and 85 % (17 % to 29 % oxygen). The gasoline
standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Current edition approved April 20, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D6839 – 15. DOI:
10.1520/D6839-16. bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
*A Summa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6839 − 15 D6839 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated Compounds, and Benzene
1
in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6839; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE—Previously balloted and approved material was included and the year date changed on April 20, 2016.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of saturates, olefins, aromatics, and oxygenates in spark-ignition
engine fuels by multidimensional gas chromatography. Each hydrocarbon type can be reported either by carbon number (see Note
1) or as a total.
NOTE 1—There can be an overlap between the C and C aromatics; however, the total is accurate. Isopropyl benzene is resolved from the C aromatics
9 10 8
and is included with the other C aromatics.
9
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual hydrocarbon components except benzene.
1.3 This test method is applicable to spark-ignition engine fuel with total aromatic content up to 50 % (V/V), total olefinic
content up to 30 % (V/V) and oxygen compounds up to 15 % (V/V).divided into two parts, Part A and Part B.
1.3.1 Part A is applicable to automotive motor gasoline for which precision (Table 9) has been obtained for total volume fraction
of aromatics of up to 50 %; a total volume fraction of olefins from about 1.5 % up to 30 %; a volume fraction of oxygenates, from
0.8 % up to 15 %; a total mass fraction of oxygen from about 1.5 % to about 3.7 %; and a volume fraction of benzene of up to
2 %. Although this test method can be used to determine higher-olefin contents of up to 50 % volume fraction, the precision for
olefins was tested only in the range from about 1.5 % volume fraction to about 30 % volume fraction. The method has also been
tested for an ether content up to 22 % volume fraction but no precision data has been determined.
1.3.1.1 This test method is specifically developed for the analysis of automotive motor gasoline that contains oxygenates, but
it also applies to other hydrocarbon streams having similar boiling ranges, such as naphthas and reformates.
1.3.2 Part B describes the procedure for the analysis of oxygenated groups (ethanol, methanol, ethers, C to C alcohols) in
3 5
ethanol fuels containing an ethanol volume fraction between 50 % and 85 % (17 % to 29 % oxygen). The gasoline is diluted with
an oxygenate-free component to lower the ethanol content to a value below 20 % before the analysis by GC. The diluting solvent
should not be considered in the integration, this makes it possible to report the results of the undiluted sample after normalization
to 100 %.
1.3 This test method is not intended to determine individual hydrocarbon components except benzene.
1.4 Oxygenates as specified in Test Method D4815 have been verified not to interfere with hydrocarbons. Within the round robin
sample set, the following oxygenates have been tested: MTBE, ethanol, ETBE, TAME, iso-propanol, isobutanol, tertand TAME.
Other oxygenates can be determined -butanol and methanol. The derived precision data for methanol do not comply with the
precision calculation as presented in this International Standard. Applicability of this test method has also been verified for the
determination of n-propanol, acetone, and quantifieddi using Test Method-isopropyl ether (DIPE). However, D4815 orno precision
D5599.data have been determined for these compounds.
1.4.1 Other oxygenates can be determined and quantified using Test Method D4815 or D5599.
1.5 The method is harmonized with ISO 22854.
1.6 This test method includes a relative bias section for U.S. EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations for total olefins
reporting based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D6839 and Test Method D1319 as a possible Test
Method D6839 alternative to Test Method D1319. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuels in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015April 20, 2016. Published December 2015April 2016. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous e
...
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