ASTM D2257-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
Standard Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the extractable material on most fibers, yarns, and fabrics.
1.1.1 The preferred solvent for use in this method is HH solvent (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane). By mutual agreement other solvents may be used.
1.1.2 This test method does not extract cross-linked finishes or resins which may be on the textile.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 2, 5.4.1, and Section 7.
Note 1-Other standards for the determination of extractable matter in textiles made of specific fibers have been published by ASTM: Specification D 541, Specification D 681, and Test Method D 1574.
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Designation: D 2257 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Extractable Matter in Textiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2257; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 4290 Terminology for Moisture in Textiles
2.2 Other Documents:
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
IWTO 10-62(E) Method for Determination of the Dichlo-
extractable material on most fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Three
romethane Soluble Matter in Combed Wool Sliver
options are included. Option 1 uses heat and Soxhlet extraction
apparatus. Option 2 uses room temperature and extraction
3. Terminology
funnels. Option 3 uses either Option 1 or Option 2 extraction
3.1 Definitions:
but provides for calculation of extractable matter from the loss
3.1.1 extractable matter, n— nonfibrous material in or on a
in mass of the material due to the extraction rather than the
textile not including water, which is removable by a specified
extractable matter residue.
solvent or solvents as directed in a specified procedure.
NOTE 1—Other standards for the determination of extractable matter in
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Nonfibrous material is usually oily,
textiles made of specific fibers include: Specification D 541, Specification
waxy, resinous, or polymeric in nature, but may also include
D 681, and Test Method D 1574.
other material, such as protein, particularly if ethyl alcohol is
1.1.1 The solvents for use in this method are any solvents
used, or in, the extracting solvent.
that the party or parties concerned agreed on. Such as,
3.1.2 For definitions of other moisture terms related to
Halogenated Hydrocarbon (HH) chloroform, tetrachloroet-
textiles, refer to Terminology D 4290. For definitions of other
hane, alcohol.
textile terms used in this test method refer to Terminology
1.1.2 This test method may not extract cross-linked finishes
D 123.
or resins which may be on the textile.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The specimen is extracted either in Soxhlet apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(Option 1), or extraction funnel (Option 2 )first with an agreed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
solvent (Note 2). The solvents are evaporated and the residues
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 3, and
and the specimens are dried and weighed separately. The
Section 7.
amounts of extracted matter are reported as percentages of
either the oven-dried mass or of the oven-dried mass plus
2. Referenced Documents
commercial moisture regain for the textile.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Alternatively, in Option 3, the specimen is dried and
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
weighed before and after extraction using Option 1 or Option
D 541 Specification for Single Jute Yarn
2. Extractable matter is calculated as the loss in mass reported
D 681 Specification for Jute Rove and Plied Yarn for
as percentages of the extracted oven-dried mass or this mass
Electrical and Packing Purposes
plus commercial moisture regain for the textile.
D 1574 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Wool and
5. Significance and Use
Other Animal Fibers
D 1909 Table of Commercial Moisture Regains for Textile
5.1 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of
Fibers
commercial shipments.
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
reported test results using this test method for acceptance
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Chemical Conditioning
and Performance.
Current edition approved Sept. 10. Published February 1999. Originally pub-
lished as D 2257 – 89. Last previous edition D 2257 – 96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Available from International Wool Secretariat, Carlton Gardens, London S.W.
1, England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2257
NOTE 3—Precaution: Various solvents have been used in the past, and
a statistical bias between the laboratories. Competent statistical
are still used to some extent. Many of these solvents are flammable, toxic
assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a
or have anesthetic effects, or unpleasant odors. As with all volatile
minimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-
solvents, the use of adequate ventilation under a hood is recommended
mens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are
when using this solvent.
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
7. Hazards
to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two
7.1 Refer to the manufacturer’s material safety data sheets
laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical
for specific information on chemicals used in this test.
analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties
7.2 After extraction with alcohol or other flammable or
before the testing begins. If a bias is found, either its cause
toxic solvents, the specimens must be air-dried under a hood
must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and supplier
until nearly all of the solvent has evaporated before they are
must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to
dried in the oven. Otherwise there is a danger of building up a
the known bias.
dangerous concentration of explosive vapor in the oven. Oven
5.2 This test method is used for the determination of the
doors have been blown across the room by the force of an
amounts of naturally present oily or waxy impurities that have
explosion.
not been completely removed from textiles made from animal
7.3 Warning—Dichloromethane is toxic, and its use is
fibers, and for the determination of the amounts of oily or waxy
recommended only when necessary to conform to international
finishing materials applied to raw materials or textiles during
specifications, and then with adequate ventilation under a hood.
manufacture. See 3.1.1, extractable matter.
5.3 The test method may be used as a step in the determi-
8. Sampling
nation of the commercial weight of fiber, yarn, and textile
shipments.
8.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
5.4 The International Wool Textile Organization specifies
take at random the number of shipping containers directed in
the use of a halogenated hydrocarbon, dichloromethane, also
an applicable material specification or other agreement be-
called methylene chloride (CH Cl ) instead of the solvent
tween the purchaser and the supplier. Consider shipping
2 2
specified in this test method (IWTO-10-62(E)).
containers to be the primary sampling unit.
5.5 Extractables by mass loss is frequently used for textiles
NOTE 4—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
which have a relatively large amount of extractable material to
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
effect a significant mass change.
between shipping containers, within a shipping container, and between
specimens taken from a single unit within a shipping container, so as to
6. Apparatus and Reagents
provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s
risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
6.1 Extraction Apparatus
6.1.1 Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus for Option 1 extraction
8.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
6.1.2 Extraction Funnels, wide-mouth, 125 or 150-mL ca-
tance testing, proceed as follows:
pacity for Option 2 extraction.
8.2.1 Yarn on Packages—Take at random from each ship-
6.2 Thimbles, fat-free cellulose or Alundum, for Option 1.
ping container in the lot sample the number of packages
6.3 Specimen Compressor, pestle or long forceps, for han-
directed in an applicable material specification or other agree-
dling specimens in Option 2.
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, such as an
6.4 Containers,
agreement to use Practice D 2258. Preferably, the same number
6.4.1 To hold extractables and that will seal to prevent
of packages should be taken from each shipping case in the lot
moisture changes, for example wighing bottles, for Option1.
sample. If differing numbers of packages are to be taken from
6.4.2 To collect solvent from extractions, for Option 2.
shipping cases in the lot sample, determine at random which
shipping cases are to have each number of packages drawn.
NOTE 2—If metal containers are used, check to ensure that the
8.2.2 Yarn on Beams—Take a laboratory sample from each
extracatable matter does not react with the metal if the reidue is to be
weighed.
of the beams in the lot sample as agreed between the purchaser
and the supplier.
6.5 Oven
8.2.3 Fabrics—Take a full width swatch 1 m long from the
6.5.1 Ventilated Forced-Draft Drying Oven, capable of
end of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after first discarding
maintaining a temperature of 105 6 3°C.
a minimum of1mof fabric from the very outside of the roll.
6.5.2 Vacuum Type, maintained at 65 6 2°C for use in
8.2.4 Staple Fiber—Systematically take five laboratory
Option 3 when low-boiling ingredients are present.
sample units from each bale in the lot sample as directed in
6.6 Tray, to contain desiccant, with a screen to prevent
Practice D 3333.
specimen or container contact with desiccant, for use in the
vacuum oven. If Phosphorus pentoxide (P 0 ) or sulfuric acid 8.2.5 Tow, Sliver, or Top—Take from the lead end of a
2 5
(H ) is used, the screen must be acid reistant. strand from each shipping container in the lot sample the first
s04
6.7 Dessicator metre of material that has a clean, uniform appearance. If the
6.8 Analytical Balance—sensative to 0.0001 g. shipping containers in the lot sample contain multiple pack-
6.9 Nitrogen, to supply the vacuum oven. ages, take a laboratory sample from one package drawn at
6.10 Solvent—as agreed (see 1.1.1). random from each container.
D 2257
8.3 Test Specimens—Take a 10 6 1-g specimen from each rinse with a small quantity of solvent, and add this to the
unit in the laboratory sample. If necessary, take an additional contents of the weighing bottle.
specimen from a random unit in the laboratory sample until
10.2.8 If low boiling ingredients were found (10.1.5) evapo-
there is a total of ten specimens. rate the solvent as directed in 10.1.3 without oven drying the
residue.
9. Cond
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