ASTM D1555-21

Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculating weights and volumes of the products outlined in Section 1. The information presented in this method can be used for determining quantities of the above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons in tanks, shipping containers, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight and volume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, orthoxylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene, 300 to 350°F and 350 to 400°F aromatic hydrocarbons, and cyclohexane. A method is given for calculating the volume at a desired temperature tb°F from an observed volume at to°F. Table 1 lists the density in Vacuo at 60°F for chemicals used to develop the relationship. Densities (or weights) “in vacuo” represent the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without the buoyancy effect of air acting on the liquid. It is representative of the actual amount of product present. Densities (or weights) “in air” represent what would actually be measured on a scale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densitometers measure density in vacuo and the ASTM recommends the use of in vacuo densities (or weights).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 A complete SI unit companion standard has been developed in Test Method D1555M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2021
• ICS: 71.080.15 - Aromatic hydrocarbons
• Technical Committee: D16 - Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals
• Drafting Committee: D16.01 - Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their Derivatives

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D1217-20 - Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D1217-12 - Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D1555M-08e1 - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane [Metric]
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Refers: ASTM D1555M-08 - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane [Metric]
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Refers: ASTM D1217-93(2007) - Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2007
• Refers: ASTM D3505-96(2006) - Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2006
• Refers: ASTM D1555M-04a - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane [Metric]
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2004
• Refers: ASTM D1555M-04 - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane [Metric]
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Refers: ASTM D1555M-04e1 - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane [Metric]
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Refers: ASTM D1217-93(2003)e1 - Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2003
• Refers: ASTM D1555M-00 - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons [Metric]
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2000
• Refers: ASTM D3505-96 - Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Refers: ASTM D3505-96(2000) - Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Refers: ASTM D1217-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Refers: ASTM D4052-96(2002)e1 - Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1996

Overview

ASTM D1555-21: Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane provides a unified approach for calculating the volume and weight of key industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclohexane. This standard is widely recognized in the chemical and petrochemical industries for determining the quantities of aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, cumene, ethylbenzene, as well as specific boiling range aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclohexane. ASTM D1555-21 is essential for industries that rely on accurate quantity calculations for inventory, trade, and regulatory compliance.

Key Topics

• Calculation of Volume at Specific Temperatures:
  The method enables calculating the volume of liquid hydrocarbons at a desired temperature-commonly 60°F-from measurements taken at any observed temperature. This is important for consistent reporting and inventory management.
• Density Determination (In Vacuo/In Air):
  Densities “in vacuo” (without air buoyancy) represent the true mass of the liquid, while densities measured “in air” reflect what would be observed on a typical scale. ASTM recommends using “in vacuo” measurements for greater accuracy.
• Volume Correction Factors (VCFs):
  The standard includes equations and tables to calculate VCFs for each compound, allowing correction of observed volumes to a base reference of 60°F.
• Conversion Procedures:
  Step-by-step guidance for:
  • Converting volume measurements at various temperatures to 60°F.
  • Calculating weight from measured or corrected volumes using compound-specific densities.
• Use of Reliable Density Measurement Methods:
  Reference is made to established ASTM density test methods (such as D1217, D3505, D4052) to ensure data accuracy.

Applications

ASTM D1555-21 is used in a range of industrial settings, including:

• Tank and Container Measurement:
  Accurately determine the volume and weight of aromatic hydrocarbons stored in tanks, railcars, and shipping containers for trade, logistics, and quality assurance.
• Inventory Management:
  Standardize accounting of bulk liquids by correcting for temperature and density variations, enabling reliable inventory tracking and reporting.
• Regulatory Compliance:
  Ensure conformity with legal and safety requirements for reporting and handling hazardous chemicals.
• Petrochemical Production:
  Support production planning, blending, and process optimization where precise knowledge of raw material quantities is essential.
• Trade and Shipping:
  Harmonize transaction documentation by applying consistent calculation methods for international and domestic shipments.

This standard is especially relevant for industries involved with:

• Benzene
• Toluene
• Mixed Xylenes (including m-xylene, o-xylene, p-xylene)
• Styrene
• Cumene
• Ethylbenzene
• Cyclohexane
• 300 to 400°F boiling range aromatic hydrocarbons

Related Standards

Several ASTM and reference methods complement or support ASTM D1555-21:

• ASTM D1555M: Metric companion to D1555-21, providing conversions and guidance for SI unit applications.
• ASTM D1217: Density and relative density by Bingham Pycnometer.
• ASTM D3505: Density or relative density of pure liquid chemicals.
• ASTM D4052: Density, relative density, and API gravity by digital density meter.
• NSRDS-NIST 75-121: Thermodynamic tables used for developing density relationships.
• API Research Project 44: Historic data source for aromatic hydrocarbon physical properties.

Practical Value

Applying ASTM D1555-21 ensures:

• Uniform calculation methods for improved accuracy and reproducibility.
• Compliance with international trade and safety standards.
• Efficient inventory control and loss prevention in bulk liquid management.
• Support for dispute resolution in trading and regulatory inspections with standardized, proven calculation protocols.

Keywords

Aromatic hydrocarbon calculations, volume correction factor, in vacuo density, benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, cumene, ethylbenzene, cyclohexane, ASTM D1555-21, chemical inventory, density determination, shipping, petrochemical standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1555 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic
Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1555; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight and
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
volume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene,
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
orthoxylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene,
D1555M Test Method for Calculation ofVolume andWeight
300 to 350°F and 350 to 400°F aromatic hydrocarbons, and
of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane
cyclohexane. A method is given for calculating the volume at
[Metric]
a desired temperature t °F from an observed volume at t °F.
b o
D3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure
Table 1 lists the density in Vacuo at 60°F for chemicals used to
Liquid Chemicals
develop the relationship. Densities (or weights) “in vacuo”
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
represent the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
without the buoyancy effect of air acting on the liquid. It is
representative of the actual amount of product present. Densi-
2.2 Other Documents:
ties (or weights) “in air” represent what would actually be American Petroleum Society Research Project 44
measured on a scale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %.
Patterson, J. B., and Morris, E. C. Metrologia, 31, 1994, pp.
Modern densitometers measure density in vacuo and the 277-288
ASTM recommends the use of in vacuo densities (or weights).
NSRDS-NIST 75-121 TRC Thermodynamic Tables—
Hydrocarbons, Supplement No. 121, April 30, 2001
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Significance and Use
standard.
3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculating
1.2.1 A complete SI unit companion standard has been
weights and volumes of the products outlined in Section 1.The
developed in Test Method D1555M.
information presented in this method can be used for deter-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mining quantities of the above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tanks, shipping containers, etc.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 4. Basic Data
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Densities of materials should be determined by mea-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
surement (see Section 7). Densities of pure materials at 60°F
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
may be estimated from densities furnished by NSRDS-NIST
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
75-121 (National Standard Reference Data Series—National
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Institute of Standards and Technology).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on the ASTM website.
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsi- “Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds,”
bility of Subcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and prepared by American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the Chemical
Their Derivatives. Thermodynamics Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M, College Station,
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally TX.
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D1555 – 16. DOI: Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
10.1520/D1555-21. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1555 − 21
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
Freezing Boiling Density Density in Vacuo Density in Air
Product Point Point in Vacuo at 60°F at 60°F
A,B C D
°F °F at 60°F g/cc lb/gal lb/gal
Benzene 42.0 176.2 0.88373 7.3751 7.3662
Cumene -140.9 306.3 0.86538 7.2219 7.2130
Cyclohexane 43.8 177.3 0.78265 6.5315 6.5225
Ethylbenzene -139.0 277.1 0.87077 7.2669 7.2580
Styrene -23.1 293.4 0.90979 7.5926 7.5837
Toluene -139.0 231.1 0.87096 7.2685 7.2596
m-Xylene -54.2 282.4 0.86784 7.2425 7.2336
o-Xylene -13.3 291.9 0.88340 7.3723 7.3634
p-Xylene 55.9 281.0 0.86456 7.2151 7.2062
A
Based on regression of 2001 TRC Thermodynamic Tables, Hydrocarbons, NSRDS-NIST 75-121 (April 30, 2001). The data is presented in Appendix X1.
B
Specific Gravity has been deleted from this table as unnecessary to this standard. If needed, divide 60°F density in g/cc by 0.999016 g/cc. See Appendix X2.
C
Produced by multiplying the density in vacuo at 60°F in g/cc by 8.345404452 and rounding to 4 decimal places.
D
Produced using Density - g/cc in air · 1.000149926 − 0.001199407795) · 8.345404452, rounding to 4 decimal places. See Appendix X3.
4.2 The VCF (Volume Correction Factor) equations pro- reproduces the observed data, and then dividing the constants
vided below were derived from the Volume Correction Tables
of the temperature/density equation by the calculated density at
presented in the previous edition of this standard, Method
60°F.
D1555-95. Although reported as based on the American
Petroleum Institute Research Project 44, the actual documen-
5. Volume Correction Factor Implementation Procedure
tation that could be found is incomplete. As regression of the
5.1 The following general equation is used to generate the
NIST data (Appendix X1) provided VCFs that differ from the
Volume Correction Factors:
historical VCFs by only 0 to 6 0.12 % (depending on the
2 3 4
compound), a decision was made to use the previous method’s
a1bt 1ct 1dt 1et
o o o o
VCF 5 (1)
2 3 4
VCF tables.
a1bt 1ct 1dt 1et
b b b b
4.3 The VCF tables were regressed with a commercially
where:
available data regression program (TableCurve 2D V4).
t = observed temperature, and
o
However, any modern regression program should produce the
t = base temperature where value is needed.
b
same results.
and constants a through e are specific to each compound
4.4 The former VCF tables were based on data for com-
(presented in Table 3).
pounds used inAmerican Petroleum Institute Research Project
5.1.1 Temperature may be entered in tenths of a degree
44forwhichthepurityisnotclearlydefined,butwerereported
Fahrenheit.
to be usable for materials in the ranges indicated in Table 2.
The data supporting this conclusion appears to be unavailable
5.1.2 The calculated result is rounded to the appropriate
at the present time; however there is no reason to change this
significant figures if it is to be reported and not rounded if to be
recommendation. If, depending on the composition of the
used in another calculation. No intermediate rounding or
impurities, there is reason to suspect that the VCF implemen-
truncation should be done.
tation procedures presented below do not apply to a particular
5.1.3 The equations are valid for liquid product up to 140°F
impure product, a separate implementation procedure should
(150°F for p-xylene).
be independently determined. This may be done by measuring
5.1.4 This implementation procedure replaces the printed
the density of a representative sample at different temperatures
table in a previous edition of this standard (Method
throughouttheexpectedworkingtemperaturerange,regressing
D1555 – 95) for determining VCFs. The implementation
the data to obtain a temperature/density equation that best
procedure is the Standard, not the printed table. However,
the printed table is provided in 1°F increments for the user’s
TABLE 2 Application Range of Implementation Procedure convenience (Table 4).
Impure Products Range
Benzene 95 to 100 % 6. Use of the Implementation Procedure
Cumene 95 to 100 %
Cyclohexane 90 to 100 %
6.1 Convert Volume to 60°F—Enter the appropriate equa-
Ethylbenzene 95 to 100 %
tion with the temperature to the nearest 0.1 degree Fahrenheit
Styrene 95 to 100 %
at which the bulk volume was measured (temperature t).
Toluene 95 to 100 %
Mixed Xylenes All proportions
Multiply the bulk volume measurement at temperature t by the
m-Xylene 95 to 100 %
VCF.
o-Xylene 95 to 100 %
p-Xylene 94 to 100 %
6.1.1 Example 1—What is the volume at 60°F of a tank car
300-350°F Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportions
of p-xylene whose volume was measured to be 9280 gal at a
350-400°F Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportions
mean temperature of 88.7°F?
D1555 − 21
TABLE 3 VCF Constants
Product a b c d E
-4 -7 -10
Benzene 1.038382492 -6.2307 × 10 -2.8505 × 10 1.2692 × 10 0
-4 -8 -11
Cumene 1.032401114 -5.3445 × 10 -9.5067 × 10 3.6272 × 10 0
-4 -7 -10
Cyclohexane 1.039337296 -6.4728 × 10 -1.4582 × 10 1.03538 × 10 0
-4 -10 -9 -12
Ethylbenzene 1.033346632 -5.5243 × 10 8.37035 × 10 -1.2692 × 10 5.55061 × 10
-4 -8
Styrene 1.032227515 -5.3444 × 10 -4.4323 × 10 00
-4 -9 -12
Toluene 1.035323647 -5.8887 × 10 2.46508 × 10 -7.2802 × 10 0
A -4 -7 -11
m-Xylene 1.031887514 -5.2326 × 10 -1.3253 × 10 -7.35960 × 10 0
-4 -9 -10
o-Xylene 1.031436449 -5.2302 × 10 -2.5217 × 10 -2.13840 × 10 0
-4 -7 -10
p-Xylene 1.032307000 -5.2815 × 10 -1.8416 × 10 1.89256 × 10 0
-4 -9 -11
300-350°F 1.031118000 -5.1827 × 10 -3.5109 × 10 -1.98360 × 10 0
-4 -8 -11
350-400°F 1.029099000 -4.8287 × 10 -3.7692 × 10 3.78575 × 10 0
A
And mixed xylenes.
6.1.1.1 Enter 88.7°F and the appropriate constants from 9280 gal 30.984143256178277 3 8.345404452 30.8646
Table 3 into Eq 1 to calculate a VCF of 0.984143256178277.
5 65.897.4967627663 lb
in vacuo
Multiply the volume at 88.7°F by the VCF to obtain the or
volume at 60°F.
9280 gal 30.984143256178277 38.345404452
9280 gal 30.984143256178277 5 9,132.84941733442 or 9133 gal
3 @1.000149926 3 0.8646 2 0.0011994077951#
5 65,815.960860521 lb
If this value is to be reported, it may be rounded as required
in air
by the user. The unrounded intermediate value should be used
If this value is to be reported, it may be rounded as required
for additional calculations.
by the user. The unrounded intermediate value should be used
for additional calculations.
6.2 Converting Volume to Weight for Chemicals Listed in
Table 1—Convert the measured bulk volume to gallons at 60°F
7. Density Determination
as described in 6.1. Determine the density (all weights in
7.1 Density determinations may be carried out by any
vacuo) at 60°F in grams per milliliter (equivalent to grams per
procedure known to be reliable to at least 4 digits. Test
cubic centimeter and kilograms per liter) as described in
Methods D1217, D3505, and D4052 are suitable and are
Section 7. To obtain the weight multiply the density in pound
written to give density in vacuo. They should be used with
per gallon and the volume in gallons. To obtain the density in
caution, however, as they may be using older data than that
pounds per gallon in vacuo multiple the measured density by
upon which this standard is based upon.
8.345404452. To obtain the pounds per gallon in air at 60°F,
usethefollowingequationtodeterminethepoundpergallonin
8. Precision and Bias
air, refer to Appendix X3.
8.1 Since this is a calculation method, no precision and bias
D 5 @1.000149926 3D statement is required.
lb per gallon in air at 60 F in vacuo at 60 F
2 0.00119940779543# 38.345404452
9. Keywords
To obtain the weight in pounds, multiply the density in
9.1 aromatic; benzene; calculation; conversion; cumene;
pounds per gallon by the volume in gallons.
density; ethylbenzene; in air; in vacuo; m-xylene; mixed
6.2.1 The density of the p-xylene in Example 1 was deter- xylene; o-xylene; p-xylene; specific gravity; styrene; 300 to
mined by Test Method D4052 to be 0.8646 g/mL (in vacuo)at 350°F aromatic hydrocarbons; 350 to 400°F aromatic hydro-
60°F. The weight is: carbons; toluene; volume; weight
D1555 − 21
TABLE 4 Volume Correction Factors
Volume Correction to 60°F
m-Xylene 300 to 350°
350 to 400°
Temperature and Aromatic
Benzene Cumene Cyclohexane Ethylbenzene Styrene Toluene o-Xylene p-Xylene Aromatic
°F Mixed Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
Xylenes
-5.0 . . . . . 1.03827 . . . . .
-4.0 . . . . . 1.03768 . . . . .
-3.0 . . . . . 1.03709 . . . . .
-2.0 . . . . . 1.03650 . . . . .
-1.0 . . . . . 1.03591 . . . . .
0.0 . . . . . 1.03532 . . . . .
1.0 . . . . . 1.03473 . . . . .
2.0 . . . . . 1.03415 . . . . .
3.0 . . . . . 1.03356 . . . . .
4.0 . . . . . 1.03297 . . . . .
5.0 . 1.02973 . 1.03058 . 1.03238 1.02927 1.02882 . 1.02853 1.02668
6.0 . 1.02919 . 1.03003 . 1.03179 1.02874 1.02830 . 1.02801 1.02620
7.0 . 1.02866 . 1.02948 . 1.03120 1.02822 1.02778 . 1.02749 1.02572
8.0 . 1.02812 . 1.02893 . 1.03061 1.02769 1.02725 . 1.02697 1.02523
9.0 . 1.02758 . 1.02837 . 1.03002 1.02717 1.02673 . 1.02645 1.02475
10.0 . 1.02705 . 1.02782 . 1.02944 1.02664 1.02621 . 1.02593 1.02427
11.0 . 1.02651 . 1.02727 . 1.02885 1.02612 1.02568 . 1.02542 1.02378
12.0 . 1.02597 . 1.02672 . 1.02826 1.02559 1.02516 . 1.02490 1.02330
13.0 . 1.02544 . 1.02616 . 1.02767 1.02506 1.02464 . 1.02438 1.02282
14.0 . 1.02490 . 1.02561 . 1.02708 1.02454 1.02411 . 1.02386 1.02233
15.0 . 1.02436 . 1.02506 1.02420 1.02649 1.02401 1.02359 . 1.02334 1.02185
16.0 . 1.02383 . 1.02450 1.02367 1.02590 1.02348 1.02307 . 1.02282 1.02136
17.0 . 1.02329 . 1.02395 1.02313 1.02531 1.02295 1.02254 . 1.02231 1.02088
18.0 . 1.02275 . 1.02340 1.02259 1.02472 1.02243 1.02202 . 1.02179 1.02040
19.0 . 1.02221 . 1.02284 1.02206 1.02414 1.02190 1.02150 . 1.02127 1.01991
20.0 . 1.02167 . 1.02229 1.02152 1.02355 1.02137 1.02097 . 1.02075 1.01943
21.0 . 1.02114 . 1.02174 1.02098 1.02296 1.02084 1.02045 . 1.02023 1.01894
22.0 . 1.02060 . 1.02118 1.02045 1.02237 1.02031 1.01993 . 1.01971 1.01846
23.0 . 1.02006 . 1.02063 1.01991 1.02178 1.01978 1.01940 . 1.01920 1.01797
24.0 . 1.01952 . 1.02007 1.01938 1.02119 1.01925 1.01888 . 1.01868 1.01749
25.0 . 1.01898 . 1.01952 1.01884 1.02060 1.01872 1.01836 . 1.01816 1.01700
26.0 . 1.01844 . 1.01896 1.01830 1.02001 1.01819 1.01783 . 1.01764 1.01652
27.0 . 1.01790 . 1.01841 1.01777 1.01943 1.01766 1.01731 . 1.01712 1.01603
28.0 . 1.01736 . 1.01785 1.01723 1.01884 1.01713 1.01679 . 1.01660 1.01555
29.0 . 1.01682 . 1.01730 1.01669 1.01825 1.01660 1.01626 . 1.01608 1.01506
30.0 . 1.01628 . 1.01674 1.01615 1.01766 1.01607 1.01574 . 1.01557 1.01458
31.0 . 1.01574 . 1.01619 1.01562 1.01707 1.01554 1.01521 . 1.01505 1.01409
32.0 . 1.01520 . 1.01563 1.01508 1.01648 1.01501 1.01469 . 1.01453 1.01361
33.0 . 1.01466 . 1.01508 1.01454 1.01589 1.01447 1.01417 . 1.01401 1.01312
34.0 . 1.01412 . 1.01452 1.01401 1.01530 1.01394 1.01364 . 1.01349 1.01264
35.0 . 1.01358 . 1.01397 1.01347 1.01472 1.01341 1.01312 . 1.01297 1.01215
36.0 . 1.01304 . 1.01341 1.01293 1.01413 1.01287 1.01259 . 1.01245 1.01167
37.0 . 1.01250 . 1.01285 1.01239 1.01354 1.01234 1.01207 . 1.01194 1.01118
38.0 . 1.01196 . 1.01230 1.01185 1.01295 1.01181 1.01155 . 1.01142 1.01070
39.0 . 1.01142 . 1.01174 1.01132 1.01236 1.01127 1.01102 . 1.01090 1.01021
40.0 . 1.01087 . 1.01118 1.01078 1.01177 1.01074 1.01050 . 1.01038 1.00973
41.0 . 1.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1555 − 16 D1555 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic
Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1555; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight and volume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, ortho-xylene,
orthoxylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene, 300 to 350°F and 350 to 400°F aromatic hydrocarbons, and
cyclohexane. A method is given for calculating the volume at 60°F a desired temperature t °F from an observed volume at t °F.
b o
Table 1 lists the density in Vacuo at 60°F for chemicals used to develop the relationship. Densities (or weights) “in vacuo” represent
the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without the buoyancy effect of air acting on the liquid. It is representative
of the actual amount of product present. Densities (or weights) “in air” represent what would actually be measured on a scale. The
difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densitometers measure density in vacuo and the ASTM recommends the use of in
vacuo densities (or weights).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.2.1 A complete SI unit companion standard has been developed in Test Method D1555M.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
D1555M Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane [Metric]
D3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their Derivatives.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016July 1, 2021. Published March 2017August 2021. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20092016 as
D1555 – 09.D1555 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D1555-16.10.1520/D1555-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1555 − 21
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
Freezing Boiling Density Density in Vacuo Density in Air
Product Point Point in Vacuo at 60°F at 60°F
A,B C D
°F °F at 60°F g/cc lb/gal lb/gal
Benzene 42.0 176.2 0.88373 7.3751 7.3662
Cumene -140.9 306.3 0.86538 7.2219 7.2130
Cyclohexane 43.8 177.3 0.78265 6.5315 6.5225
Ethylbenzene -139.0 277.1 0.87077 7.2669 7.2580
Styrene -23.1 293.4 0.90979 7.5926 7.5837
Toluene -139.0 231.1 0.87096 7.2685 7.2596
m-Xylene -54.2 282.4 0.86784 7.2425 7.2336
o-Xylene -13.3 291.9 0.88340 7.3723 7.3634
p-Xylene 55.9 281.0 0.86456 7.2151 7.2062
A
Based on regression of 2001 TRC Thermodynamic Tables, Hydrocarbons, NSRDS-NIST 75-121 (April 30, 2001). The data is presented in Appendix X1.
B
Specific Gravity has been deleted from this table as unnecessary to this standard. If needed, divide 60°F density in g/cc by 0.999016 g/cc. See Appendix X2.
C
Produced by multiplying the density in vacuo at 60°F in g/cc by 8.345404452 and rounding to 4 decimal places.
D
Produced using Density - g/cc in air · 1.000149926 − 0.001199407795) · 8.345404452, rounding to 4 decimal places. See Appendix X3.
2.2 Other Documents:
American Petroleum Society Research Project 44
Patterson, J. B., and Morris, E. C. Metrologia, 31, 1994, pp. 277-288
NSRDS-NIST 75-121 TRC Thermodynamic Tables—Hydrocarbons, Supplement No. 121, April 30, 2001
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculating weights and volumes of the products outlined in Section 1. The information
presented in this method can be used for determining quantities of the above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons in tanks, shipping
containers, etc.
4. Basic Data
4.1 Densities of materials should be determined by measurement (see Section 7). Densities of pure materials at 60°F may be
estimated from densities furnished by NSRDS-NIST 75-121 (National Standard Reference Data Series—National Institute of
Standards and Technology).
4.2 The VCF (Volume Correction Factor) equations provided below were derived from the Volume Correction Tables presented
in the previous edition of this standard, Method D1555-95. Although reported as based on the American Petroleum Institute
Research Project 44, the actual documentation that could be found is incomplete. As regression of the NIST data (Appendix X1)
provided VCFs that differ from the historical VCFs by only 0 to 6 0.12 % (depending on the compound), a decision was made
to use the previous method’s VCF tables.
4.3 The VCF tables were regressed with a commercially available data regression program (TableCurve 2D V4). However, any
modern regression program should produce the same results.
4.4 The former VCF tables were based on data for compounds used in American Petroleum InstitutreInstitute Research Project
44 for which the purity is not clearly defined, but were reported to be usable for materials in the ranges indicated in Table 2. The
data supporting this conclusion appears to be unavailable at the present time; however there is no reason to change this
recommendation. If, depending on the composition of the impurities, there is reason to suspect that the VCF implementation
procedures presented below do not apply to a particular impure product, a separate implementation procedure should be
independently determined. This may be done by measuring the density of a representative sample at different temperatures
throughout the expected working temperature range, regressing the data to obtain a temperature/density equation that best
reproduces the observed data, and then dividing the constants of the temperature/density equation by the calculated density at 60°F.
“Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds,” prepared by American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the Chemical
Thermodynamics Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M, College Station, TX.
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
D1555 − 21
TABLE 2 Application Range of Implementation Procedure
Impure Products Range
Benzene 95 to 100%
Benzene 95 to 100 %
Cumene 95 to 100%
Cumene 95 to 100 %
Cyclohexane 90 to 100%
Cyclohexane 90 to 100 %
Ethylbenzene 95 to 100%
Ethylbenzene 95 to 100 %
Styrene 95 to 100%
Styrene 95 to 100 %
Toluene 95 to 100%
Toluene 95 to 100 %
Mixed Xylenes All proportions
m-Xylene 95 to 100%
m-Xylene 95 to 100 %
o-Xylene 95 to 100%
o-Xylene 95 to 100 %
p-Xylene 94 to 100%
p-Xylene 94 to 100 %
300-350°F Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportions
350-400°F Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportions
5. Volume Correction Factor Implementation Procedure
5.1 The following general equation is used to generate the Volume Correction Factors:
2 3 4
VCF 5 a1bt1ct 1dt 1et (1)
2 3 4
a1bt 1ct 1dt 1et
o o o o
VCF 5 (1)
2 3 4
a1bt 1ct 1dt 1et
b b b b
where:
t = temperature in °F
t = observed temperature, and
o
t = base temperature where value is needed.
b
and constants a through e are specific to each compound (presented in Table 3).
5.1.1 Temperature may be entered in tenths of a degree Fahrenheit.
5.1.2 The calculated result is rounded to the appropriate significant figures if it is to be reported and not rounded if to be used in
another calculation. No intermediate rounding or truncation should be done.
5.1.3 The equations are valid for liquid product up to 140°F (150°F for p-xylene).
TABLE 3 VCF Constants
Product a b c d E
-4 -7 -10
Benzene 1.038382492 -6.2307 × 10 -2.8505 × 10 1.2692 × 10 0
-4 -8 -11
Cumene 1.032401114 -5.3445 × 10 -9.5067 × 10 3.6272 × 10 0
-4 -7 -10
Cyclohexane 1.039337296 -6.4728 × 10 -1.4582 × 10 1.03538 × 10 0
-4 -10 -9 -12
Ethylbenzene 1.033346632 -5.5243 × 10 8.37035 × 10 -1.2692 × 10 5.55061 × 10
-4 -8
Styrene 1.032227515 -5.3444 × 10 -4.4323 × 10 0 0
-4 -9 -12
Toluene 1.035323647 -5.8887 × 10 2.46508 × 10 -7.2802 × 10 0
A -4 -7 -11
m-Xylene 1.031887514 -5.2326 × 10 -1.3253 × 10 -7.35960 × 10 0
-4 -9 -10
o-Xylene 1.031436449 -5.2302 × 10 -2.5217 × 10 -2.13840 × 10 0
-4 -7 -10
p-Xylene 1.032307000 -5.2815 × 10 -1.8416 × 10 1.89256 × 10 0
-4 -9 -11
300-350°F 1.031118000 -5.1827 × 10 -3.5109 × 10 -1.98360 × 10 0
-4 -8 -11
350-400°F 1.029099000 -4.8287 × 10 -3.7692 × 10 3.78575 × 10 0
A
and Mixed Xylenes. And mixed xylenes.
D1555 − 21
5.1.4 This implementation procedure replaces the printed table in a previous edition of this standard (Method D1555D1555 – 95-
95)) for determining VCFs. The implementation procedure is the Standard, not the printed table. However, the printed table
is provided in 1°F increments for the user’s convenience (Table 4).
6. Use of the Implementation Procedure
6.1 Convert Volume to 60°F—Enter the appropriate equation with the temperature to the nearest 0.1 degree Fahrenheit at which
the bulk volume was measured (temperature t). Multiply the bulk volume measurement at temperature t by the VCF.
6.1.1 Example 1—What is the volume at 60°F of a tank car of p-xylene whose volume was measured to be 9280 gal at a mean
temperature of 88.7°F?
6.1.1.1 Enter 88.7°F and the appropriate constants from Table 3 into Eq 1 to calculate a VCF of 0.984143256178277. Multiply
the volume at 88.7°F by the VCF to obtain the volume at 60°F.
9280 gal 30.984143256178277 5 9,132.84941733442 or 9133 gal
If this value is to be reported, it may be rounded as required by the user. The unrounded intermediate value should be used for
additional calculations.
6.2 Converting Volume to Weight for Chemicals Listed in Table 1—Convert the measured bulk volume to gallons at 60°F as
described in 6.1. Determine the density (all weights in vacuo) at 60°F in grams per milliliter (equivalent to grams per cubic
centimeter and kilograms per liter) as described in Section 7. To obtain the weight multiply the density in pound per gallon and
the volume in gallons. To obtain the density in pounds per gallon in vacuo multiple the measured density by 8.345404452. To
obtain the pounds per gallon in air at 60°F, use the following equation to determine the pound per gallon in air, refer to Appendix
X3.
D 5 @1.000149926 3D
lb per gallon in air at 60 F in vacuo at 60 F
2 0.00119940779543# 38.345404452
To obtain the weight in pounds, multiply the density in pounds per gallon by the volume in gallons.
6.2.1 The density of the p-xylene in Example 1 was determined by Test Method D4052 to be 0.8646 g/mL (in vacuo) at 60°F. The
weight is:
9280 gal 30.984143256178277 3 8.345404452 30.8646
5 65.897.4967627663 lb
in vacuo
or
9280 gal 30.984143256178277 38.345404452
3 1.000149926 3 0.8646 2 0.0011994077951
@ #
5 65,815.960860521 lb
in air
D1555 − 21
TABLE 4 Volume Correction Factors
Volume Correction to 60°F
m-Xylene 300 to 350°
350 to 400°
Temperature and Aromatic
Benzene Cumene Cyclohexane Ethylbenzene Styrene Toluene o-Xylene p-Xylene Aromatic
°F Mixed Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
Xylenes
-5.0 . . . . . 1.03827 . . . . .
-4.0 . . . . . 1.03768 . . . . .
-3.0 . . . . . 1.03709 . . . . .
-2.0 . . . . . 1.03650 . . . . .
-1.0 . . . . . 1.03591 . . . . .
0.0 . . . . . 1.03532 . . . . .
1.0 . . . . . 1.03473 . . . . .
2.0 . . . . . 1.03415 . . . . .
3.0 . . . . . 1.03356 . . . . .
4.0 . . . . . 1.03297 . . . . .
5.0 . 1.02973 . 1.03058 . 1.03238 1.02927 1.02882 . 1.02853 1.02668
6.0 . 1.02919 . 1.03003 . 1.03179 1.02874 1.02830 . 1.02801 1.02620
7.0 . 1.02866 . 1.02948 . 1.03120 1.02822 1.02778 . 1.02749 1.02572
8.0 . 1.02812 . 1.02893 . 1.03061 1.02769 1.02725 . 1.02697 1.02523
9.0 . 1.02758 . 1.02837 . 1.03002 1.02717 1.02673 . 1.02645 1.02475
10.0 . 1.02705 . 1.02782 . 1.02944 1.02664 1.02621 . 1.02593 1.02427
11.0 . 1.02651 . 1.02727 . 1.02885 1.02612 1.02568 . 1.02542 1.02378
12.0 . 1.02597 . 1.02672 . 1.02826 1.02559 1.02516 . 1.02490 1.02330
13.0 . 1.02544 . 1.02616 . 1.02767 1.02506 1.02464 . 1.02438 1.02282
14.0 . 1.02490 . 1.02561 . 1.02708 1.02454 1.02411 . 1.02386 1.02233
15.0 . 1.02436 . 1.02506 1.02420 1.02649 1.02401 1.02359 . 1.02334 1.02185
16.0 . 1.02383 . 1.02450 1.02367 1.02590 1.02348 1.02307 . 1.02282 1.02136
17.0 . 1.02329 . 1.02395 1.02313 1.02531 1.02295 1.02254 . 1.02231 1.02088
18.0 . 1.02275 . 1.02340 1.02259 1.02472 1.02243 1.02202 . 1.02179 1.02040
19.0 . 1.02221 . 1.02284 1.02206 1.02414 1.02190 1.02150 . 1.02127 1.01991
20.0 . 1.02167 . 1.02229 1.02152 1.02355 1.02137 1.02097 . 1.02075 1.01943
21.0 . 1.02114 . 1.02174 1.02098 1.02296 1.02084 1.02045 . 1.02023 1.01894
22.0 . 1.02060 . 1.02118 1.02045 1.02237 1.02031 1.01993 . 1.01971 1.01846
23.0 . 1.02006 . 1.02063 1.01991 1.02178 1.01978 1.01940 . 1.01920 1.01797
24.0 . 1.01952 . 1.02007 1.01938 1.02119 1.01925 1.01888 . 1.01868 1.01749
25.0 . 1.01898 . 1.01952 1.01884 1.02060 1.01872 1.01836 . 1.01816 1.01700
26.0 . 1.01844 . 1.01896 1.01830 1.02001 1.01819 1.01783 . 1.01764 1.01652
27.0 . 1.01790 . 1.01841 1.01777 1.01943 1.01766 1.01731 . 1.01712 1.01603
28.0 . 1.01736 . 1.01785 1.01723 1.01884 1.01713 1.01679 . 1.01660 1.01555
29.0 . 1.01682 . 1.01730 1.01669 1.01825 1.01660 1.01626 . 1.01608 1.01506
30.0 . 1.01628 . 1.01674 1.01615 1.01766 1.01607 1.01574 . 1.01557 1.01458
31.0 . 1.01574 . 1.01619 1.01562 1.01707 1.01554 1.01521 . 1.01505 1.01409
32.0 . 1.01520 . 1.01563 1.01508 1.01648 1.01501 1.01469 . 1.01453 1.01361
33.0 . 1.01466 . 1.01508 1.01454 1.01589 1.01447 1.01417 . 1.01401 1.01312
34.0 . 1.01412 . 1.01452 1.01401 1.01530 1.01394 1.01364 . 1.01349 1.01264
35.0 . 1.01358 . 1.01397 1.01347 1.01472 1.01341 1.01312 . 1.01297 1.01215
36.0 . 1.01304 . 1.01341 1.01293 1.01413 1.01287 1.01259 . 1.01245 1.01167
37.0 . 1.01250 . 1.01285 1.01239 1.01354 1.01234 1.01207 . 1.01194 1.01118
38.0 . 1.01196 . 1.01230 1.01185 1.01295 1.01181 1.01155 . 1.01142 1.01070
39.0 . 1.01142 . 1.01174 1.01132 1.01236 1.01127 1.01102 . 1.01090 1.01021
40.0 . 1.01087 . 1.01118 1.01078 1.01177 1.01074 1.01050 . 1.01038 1.00973
41.0 . 1.01033 . 1.01063 1.01024 1.01118 1.01021 1.00997 . 1.00986 1.00924
42.0 . 1.00979 . 1.01007 1.00970 1.01059 1.00967 1.00945 . 1.00934 1.00875
43.0 1.01107 1.00925 1.00951 1.00916 1.01001 1.00914 1.00892 . 1.00882 1.00827
44.0 1.01043 1.00870 1.01058 1.00895 1.00863 1.00942 1.00860 1.00840 . 1.00831 1.00778
45.0 1.00978 1.00816 1.00992 1.00840 1.00809 1.00883 1.00807 1.00788 . 1.00779 1.00730
46.0 1.00913 1.00762 1.00926 1.00784 1.00755 1.00824 1.00753 1.00735 . 1.00727 1.00681
47.0 1.00848 1.00708 1.00860 1.00728 1.00701 1.00765 1.00699 1.00683 . 1.00675 1.00632
48.0 1.00783 1.00653 1.00794 1.00672 1.00647 1.00706 1.00646 1.00630 . 1.00623 1.00584
49.0 1.00718 1.00599 1.00728 1.00616 1.00593 1.00647 1.00592 1.00578 . 1.00571 1.00535
50.0 1.00653 1.00545 1.00662 1.00560 1.00539 1.00589 1.00538 1.00525 . 1.00519 1.00487
51.0 1.00588 1.00490 1.00596 1.00504 1.00486 1.00530 1.00485 1.00
...