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ASTM A720/A720M-02(2021)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel

Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This is a specialized bend test for nonoriented electrical steel not covered under the provisions of Test Methods E290.  
4.2 This test is applicable to nonoriented silicon steel such as described in Specifications A677 and A683 in commercial thicknesses.  
4.3 It is not intended to be applied to steels considered inherently ductile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of ductility utilizing Epstein test strips and a bending device for bending the strip over a predetermined radius. It is intended for commercial silicon-bearing steel sheet or strip of nonoriented types in the thickness range from 0.010 to 0.031 in. [0.25 to 0.79 mm], inclusive.  
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this test method, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this test method.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2021
ICS
77.140.50 - Flat steel products and semi-products
Technical Committee
A06 - Magnetic Properties
Drafting Committee
A06.01 - Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM A683-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM A677-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM E290-13 - Standard Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductility
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Refers
ASTM A677-12 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Refers
ASTM A34/A34M-06(2012) - Standard Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Refers
ASTM A683-05(2010) - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Refers
ASTM A677-07 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Refers
ASTM A34/A34M-06 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Refers
ASTM A683-05e1 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
Effective Date
15-Aug-2005
Refers
ASTM A683-05 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
Effective Date
15-Aug-2005
Refers
ASTM A677-05 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
15-Jun-2005
Refers
ASTM A677-05e1 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
15-Jun-2005
Refers
ASTM E290-97a(2004) - Standard Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductility
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Refers
ASTM A34/A34M-01 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Refers
ASTM A34/A34M-96 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001

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ASTM A720/A720M-02(2021) - Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical SteelASTM A720/A720M-02(2021) - Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel
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ASTM A720/A720M-02(2021) - Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A720/A720M − 02 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA720/A720M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductil-
ity
1.1 This test method covers determination of ductility uti-
lizing Epstein test strips and a bending device for bending the
3. Summary of Test Method
strip over a predetermined radius. It is intended for commercial
3.1 A test strip is placed in the special test apparatus
silicon-bearing steel sheet or strip of nonoriented types in the
designed to clamp one end of the specimen securely while the
thickness range from 0.010 to 0.031 in. [0.25 to 0.79 mm],
other end is free to move, but held in tension by a spring. The
inclusive.
specimen is repeatedly bent through 180° reversals until a
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu
crack appears at the bend or until sudden failure occurs by
and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as
complete rupture.The number of reversals until failure is taken
standard. Within this test method, SI units are shown in
as a measure of the ductility.
brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently
4. Significance and Use
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
4.1 This is a specialized bend test for nonoriented electrical
result in nonconformance with this test method.
steel not covered under the provisions of Test Methods E290.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 This test is applicable to nonoriented silicon steel such
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
as described in Specifications A677 and A683 in commercial
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
thicknesses.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.3 It is not intended to be applied to steels considered
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
inherently ductile.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5. Apparatus
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1 The apparatus, Fig. 1, consists of a set of stationary jaws
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and a movable arm to which is attached another set of jaws and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a spring.
5.1.1 The stationary jaws shall have working edges with
2. Referenced Documents
radii of approximately 0.2 in. [5 mm] over which the test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specimen is bent. Stationary jaws shall be of the quick-
A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing
clamping type.
of Magnetic Materials
5.1.2 The jaws attached to the movable arm shall allow the
A677 Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully
specimen to move freely during bending.
Processed Types
5.1.3 The spring clamped to the free end of the specimen
A683 Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semi-
shall provide sufficient tension in the specimen to localize the
processed Types
bend.
5.1.4 Design of the movable arm shall permit a rotation of
approximately 180°.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.01 on Test
Methods.
6. Sampling
Current edition approved June 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally
6.1 Select samples from at least two well separated loca-
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A720/A720M – 02
ɛ1
(2016) . DOI: 10.1520/A0720_A0720M-
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys, and are classified according to core-loss. Unlike the fully processed electrical steels covered by ASTM A 677, the electrical steels in this specification require heat treatment by the user to develop the specified magnetic properties. The steels covered by this specification have a thickness of either 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) or 0.025 in. (0.64 mm). For each thickness there are four core loss types. The core loss shall be determined following the use of a quality evaluation anneal listed in the specification. The core loss is determined using the Epstein test method at a test frequency of 60 Hz and a maximum flux density of 15 kG (1.5 T). Test methods to determine other required physical and mechanical properties are listed. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 Hz and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed through heat treatment by the user.  
1.3 These nonoriented, semiprocessed electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 2.5 % silicon and less than 1 % aluminum.  
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This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys that may be made by basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, or other steelmaking practice. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment is usually not required. The grades contained in this specification have thicknesses of 0.014 in. (0. 36 mm), 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) and 0.0250 in. (0.64 mm). For a given thickness there are from 7 to 9 types based on the maximum value of core loss measured at 60 Hz and 15 kG (1.5 T) using the Epstein test method. Test methods to determine the required magnetic and mechanical properties are specified. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
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1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 Hz and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment by the user is usually not necessary.  
1.3 These nonoriented fully processed electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 3.5 % silicon and a small amount of aluminum.  
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5.1 Flat-rolled electrical steel master coils are usually slit into narrower coils. Usually these slit coils are punched or sheared into laminations of various shapes. The laminations are then uniformly stacked to become the cores of magnetic devices such as motors and transformers. Stacking of many laminations exhibiting excessive taper causes assembly problems and poor appearance. Nonuniform stack lengths in motors cause imbalance and noise. When the laminations are interleaved in transformers, taper causes air spaces within the core resulting in increased noise, increased exciting current, and higher core loss.
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1.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring edge taper and crown of flat-rolled electrical steel coils as produced at the steel mill.  
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the ductility of grain-oriented silicon steel by use of an apparatus known variously as a tinner's brake, hand folder, or an apron brake.  
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1F  
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2  
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3  
4.0 % Si-Fe  
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This specification covers the detailed requirements for specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed low-carbon silicon-iron electrical steels, whose low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing. These steels are primarily used in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies. These steels may be acquired in any of four conditions a.) conventional grain-oriented tested at 15 kG (1.5 T), b.) conventional grain-oriented tested at 17 kG (1.7 T), c.) high-permeability grain-oriented tested at 17 kG (1.7 T) and d.) laser-scribed high-permeability grain-oriented tested at 17 kG (1.7 T). These steels can be purchased in a number of combinations of material form and surface type or treatment. This specification explains in detail, the available forms, thicknesses and magnetic performance.
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1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which the specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed electrical steels shall conform. These steels are used primarily in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies (50 and 60 Hz).  
1.2 These grain-oriented electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron alloys with a silicon content of approximately 3.2 % in which low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing.  
1.3 The electrical-steel grades described in this specification include (1) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.5 T (15 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (2) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (3) high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, and (4) laser-scribed high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Methods A804/A804M.  
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This specification covers single-reduced black plate produced from low carbon, cold-reduced steel, furnished in coils and cut sizes, for use in the manufacture of containers, closures, signs, toys and other products, as well as for plating applications. The black plates shall be produced with ground roll and shot-blasted roll finishes and shall be furnished oiled or dry.
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This specification covers cold-rolled carbon steel strip in cut lengths or coils, furnished to closer tolerances than cold-rolled carbon steel sheet. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. Cold-rolled carbon strip specified to temper numbers shall conform to the Rockwell hardness requirements. Bend tests shall be conducted in accordance with requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-rolled carbon steel strip in cut lengths or coils, furnished to closer tolerances than cold-rolled carbon steel sheet, with specific temper, with specific edge or specific finish, and in sizes as follows:    
Width, in.  
Thickness, in.    
Over 1/2 to 23 15/16  
0.300 and under    
Over 12.5 to 600 mm  
7.6 mm and under  
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1.3 Strip tolerance products may be available in widths wider than 23 15/16 in. [600 mm] by agreement between purchaser and supplier. However, such products are technically classified as cold rolled sheet. The tolerances, finishes, tempers, edges, and available widths and thicknesses differentiate cold rolled strip from the product known as cold rolled sheet which is defined by Specification A568/A568M and from cold rolled high carbon strip which is defined by Specification A682/A682M.  
1.4 For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 The SI portions of the tables contained herein list permissible variations in dimensions and mass (see Note 1) in SI (metric) units. The values listed are not exact conversions of the values listed in the inch-pound tables, but instead are rounded or rationalized values. Conformance to SI tolerances is mandatory when the “M” specification is used.
Note 1: The term weight is used when inch-pound units are the standard. However, under SI the preferred term is  mass.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.7 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    11 pages
    English language
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  • Technical specification
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off