ASTM D2864-17a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
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Designation: D2864 − 17a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2864; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The definitions contained in this terminology pertain to terms as they are used in conjunction with
fluid insulating materials. Insofar as possible, the definitions are consistent with accepted general
usage,andmayalsocontainadditionalinformationdeemedtobeofvalueintestingoffluidinsulating
materials.
1. Referenced Documents CYCLE, and the number of cycles occurring in one second
2 is called the FREQUENCY, measured in hertz (Hz). For
1.1 ASTM Standards:
example, the electricity supplied by commercial utility
D611Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
companies in the United States is, in most localities, 60 Hz,
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
although other frequencies may be encountered.
D2007Test Method for Characteristic Groups in Rubber
Extender and Processing Oils and Other Petroleum-
acid treating, n—a refining process in which an unfinished
Derived Oils by the Clay-Gel Absorption Chromato-
petroleum insulating oil is contacted with sulfuric acid to
graphic Method
improve its color, odor, stability, and other properties.
D2140Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition
ac loss characteristics, n—those properties of a dielectric or
of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
insulation system (such as dissipation factor, power factor,
D2300Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating
and loss index) that may be used as a measure of the power
Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified
or energy losses that would result from the use of such
Pirelli Method)
material in an ac electric field.
D2500Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
and Liquid Fuels additive, n—a chemical compound or compounds added to an
D3117Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate insulating fluid for the purpose of imparting new properties
3
Fuels (Withdrawn 2010) or altering those properties which the fluid already has.
E355PracticeforGasChromatographyTermsandRelation-
ambient temperature, n—the temperature of the surrounding
ships
atmosphere as determined by an instrument shielded from
direct or reflected rays of the sun.
2. Terminology
aniline point, n—the minimum temperature for complete
ac, n—symbol used to designate an electric voltage or current
miscibilityofequalvolumesofanilineandthesampleunder
whoseamplitudevariesperiodicallyasafunctionoftime,its
test. See Test Methods D611. In comparing two samples of
average value over one complete period being zero. One
similar molecular weight, the aniline point can be used as a
complete repetition of the wave pattern is referred to as a
means of comparing aromatic content of the two samples.A
product of high aniline point will be low in aromatics and
naphthenes, and therefore high in paraffins.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
API gravity, n—an arbitrary scale developed by theAmerican
mittee D27.15 on Planning Resource and Development.
Petroleum Institute and frequently used in reference to
Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. Originally
petroleum insulating oil. The relationship between API
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D2864–17. DOI:
10.1520/D2864-17A. gravity and specific gravity 60/60°F is defined by the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
following:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on DegAPIGravityat60°F 5 141.5/~spgr60/60°F! 2 131.5
the ASTM website.
3
aromatics, n—that class of organic compounds which behave
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. chemicallylikebenzene.Theyarecyclicunsaturatedorganic
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2864 − 17a
DISCUSSION—2—For dielectrics the conductivity may be dependent
compounds that can sustain an induced electronic ring
on the electrification time. (See also conductivity, apparent dc
current due to delocalization of electrons around the ring.
volume and conductivity, dc volume.)
DISCUSSION—Empirically, the aromatic portion of a mineral insulat-
ing oil can
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2864 − 17 D2864 − 17a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2864; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The definitions contained in this terminology pertain to terms as they are used in conjunction with
fluid insulating materials. Insofar as possible, the definitions are consistent with accepted general
usage, and may also contain additional information deemed to be of value in testing of fluid insulating
materials.
1. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
D2007 Test Method for Characteristic Groups in Rubber Extender and Processing Oils and Other Petroleum-Derived Oils by the
Clay-Gel Absorption Chromatographic Method
D2140 Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
D2300 Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels
3
D3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate Fuels (Withdrawn 2010)
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
2. Terminology
ac, n—symbol used to designate an electric voltage or current whose amplitude varies periodically as a function of time, its average
value over one complete period being zero. One complete repetition of the wave pattern is referred to as a CYCLE, and the
number of cycles occurring in one second is called the FREQUENCY, measured in hertz (Hz). For example, the electricity
supplied by commercial utility companies in the United States is, in most localities, 60 Hz, although other frequencies may be
encountered.
acid treating, n—a refining process in which an unfinished petroleum insulating oil is contacted with sulfuric acid to improve its
color, odor, stability, and other properties.
ac loss characteristics, n—those properties of a dielectric or insulation system (such as dissipation factor, power factor, and loss
index) that may be used as a measure of the power or energy losses that would result from the use of such material in an ac
electric field.
additive, n—a chemical compound or compounds added to an insulating fluid for the purpose of imparting new properties or
altering those properties which the fluid already has.
ambient temperature, n—the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere as determined by an instrument shielded from direct or
reflected rays of the sun.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D27.15
on Planning Resource and Development.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20102017 as
ɛ1
D2864 – 10D2864 – 17. . DOI: 10.1520/D2864-17.10.1520/D2864-17A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2864 − 17a
aniline point, n—the minimum temperature for complete miscibility of equal volumes of aniline and the sample under test. See
Test Methods D611. In comparing two samples of similar molecular weight, the aniline point can be used as a means of
comparing aromatic content of the two samples. A product of high aniline point will be low in aromatics and naphthenes, and
therefore high in paraffins.
API gravity, n—an arbitrary scale developed by the American Petroleum Institute and frequently used in reference to petroleum
insulating oil. The relationship between API gravity and specific gravity 60/60°F is defined by the following:
Deg API Gravity at 60°F5 141.5/ sp gr 60/60°F 2 131.5
~ !
aromatics, n—that class of organic compounds which behave chemically like b
...
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