ASTM D6254/D6254M-99(2005)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Wirebound Pallet-Type Wood Boxes
Standard Specification for Wirebound Pallet-Type Wood Boxes
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wirebound pallet-type wooden boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 2500 lb [1134 kg] (see 10.1).
1.2 Wirebound pallet-type wooden box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wirebound pallet-type wooden box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.11), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified material and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle provided in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6254/D 6254M – 99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Specification for
Wirebound Pallet-Type Wood Boxes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6254/D 6254M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ments
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new fully
D 1990 Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for
enclosed wirebound pallet-type wooden boxes intended for use
Visually-Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests
as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general
of Full-Size Specimens
materials and supplies, not exceeding 2500 lb [1134 kg] (see
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
10.1).
D 3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
1.2 Wirebound pallet-type wooden box performance is de-
D 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
pendent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of
tainers and Systems
types,classes,andtreatmentsreflectingvariedperformanceare
D 4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure-
specified. This specification, however, does not cover wire-
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
bound pallet-type wooden box performance under all atmo-
D 4444 TestMethodsforUseandCalibrationofHand-Held
sphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
Moisture Meters
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is
D 6199 Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Contain-
acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.11), the resulting packaging
ers and Pallets
systems shall be of equal or better performance than would
F 1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes,
result from the use of these specified materials and procedures.
and Staples
The appropriate distribution cycle provided in Practice D 4169
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
2.2 Federal Specifications:
be regarded separately as standard.Within the text, the SI units
TT-W-572 Wood Preservative: Water-Repellent
are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-
CFR Parts 107–180, Title 49, Hazardous Materials Regula-
pendentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystems
tions
may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/
2.4 APA—The Engineered Wood Association Standard:
ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
PSI-95 Construction and Industrial Plywood
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.5 Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association Standard:
safety concerns, if any associated with its use. It is the
HPVA HP-1-1994 Hardwood and Decorative Plywood
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.6 National Motor Freight Traffıc Association:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
National Motor Freight Classification
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Available from the Federal Supply Service Bureau, Specification Section, Suite
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on 8100, 480 L’Enfant Plaza, SW, Washington, DC 20408.
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on Shipping AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Containers, Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures. 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originally Available from APA–The Engineered Wood Association, 7011 South 19th St.,
approvedin1998.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1999asD 6254/D 6254M – 99. PO Box 11700, Tacoma, WA 98411-0700.
2 6
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association, PO Box 2789,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Reston, VA 2290-0789.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from National Motor Freight Traffic Association, 2200 Mill Rd.,
the ASTM website. Alexandria, VA 22302.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 6254/D 6254M – 99 (2005)
2.7 Uniform Classification Committee Standard: 4.2.3 Class 3—Partial four-way entry base with two differ-
Uniform Freight Classification ent length sidewalls (see Fig. 6).
4.2.4 Class 4—Two-way entry base with two different
3. Terminology
length sidewalls (see Fig. 6).
4.3 Treatment:
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for packaging and dis-
tribution environments are found in Terminology D 996. 4.3.1 Treatment A—With water preservative treatment (see
6.1.1.9).
4. Classification
4.3.2 Treatment B—With water preservative treatment (see
6.1.1.9).
4.1 Type:
4.3.3 Treatment C—Without preservative treatment.
4.1.1 Type I—Sheathed lumber, 2500-lb [1134-kg] maxi-
mum load (see Fig. 1).
5. Ordering Information
4.1.2 Type II—Sheathed lumber and veneer, 1500-lb [680-
5.1 Purchasers should select the preferred permitted options
kg] maximum load (see Fig. 2).
and include the following information in procurement docu-
4.1.3 Type III—Sheathed lumber and veneer with two dif-
ments:
ferent length sidewalls, 1500-lb [680-kg] maximum load (see
5.1.1 Specification title, number, and date.
Fig. 3).
5.1.2 Box type, class, and treatment required (see 4.1-4.3
4.1.4 TypeIV—Sheathedplywood,2500-lb[1134-kg]maxi-
and 7.1).
mum load (see Fig. 4).
5.1.3 Contents weight.
4.2 Class:
5.1.4 Modifications to container manufacturer’s identifica-
4.2.1 Class 1—Partial four-way entry base (see Fig. 5).
tion (see 7.6).
4.2.2 Class 2—Two-way entry base (see Fig. 5).
5.1.5 Box dimensions specified in order of length by width
by depth (see 7.7 and Fig. 7).
5.1.6 When preservative treatment is required (see 4.3 and
Available from the Uniform Classification Committee, Tariff Publishing Of-
6.1.1.9).
ficer, 151 Ellis St., N.E. Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30335.
13 7
NOTE 1—All cleats (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 7), ⁄16 by ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 16 mm]. Type I wirebound box (Select Class 1 or 2 base from Fig. 5).
FIG. 1 Type I Wirebound Box (Select Class 1 or 2 Base from Fig. 5)
D 6254/D 6254M – 99 (2005)
7 3
NOTE 1—Top battens (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 7) ⁄8 by 1 ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 29 mm].
13 7
All cleats (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 7) ⁄16 by ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 16 mm].
FIG. 2 Type II Wirebound Box (Select Class 1 or 2 Base from Fig. 5).
5.1.7 Whether boxes are to be shipped assembled or 6.1.1 Wood—Woodusedinboxfabricationshallconformto
knocked down (see 9.1). PracticeD 6199asapplicableandshallconformtocommercial
5.1.8 Whether additional markings are required (see 9.2). standards in accordance with Practice D 1990. Group I Woods
5.1.9 Whetherdifferentstrappingmaterialsarerequired(see shall not be permitted for cleats. Nominal dimensions shall be
S3.2.1). as specified in Practice D 6199.
5.1.10 Whether additional support is required (see S3.2.3).
6.1.1.1 Wood Quality—Grain divergence (grain slope),
5.1.11 Whether other construction methods or techniques
whether on a wooden member face or edge, shall not exceed 1
are acceptable and permitted (see 1.3).
in. [25 mm] per 10-in. [254-mm] length for pallet base and box
5.1.11.1 Whether proof that other constructions methods or
frame members and shall not exceed 1 in. [25 mm] per 8-in.
techniques are acceptable (see 1.3) is required.
[203-mm] length for face boards. Members shall be free from
decay and sufficiently smooth on the exterior surface to permit
6. Materials and Manufacture
legible markings. Stains and discoloration not associated with
decaywillbepermittedprovidedtheyarenotsopronouncedas
6.1 Materials—It is encouraged that recycled material be
to obscure markings. Members shall be free from all defects
used when practical. All recovered, recycled, or virgin mate-
that will interfere with specified stapling and nailing. Each
rials used in box manufacture shall meet the requirements of
wood member shall be a single wood piece without any joints.
this specification and referenced documents. In addition, ma-
terials shall not affect or be affected by the product being 6.1.1.2 Cleat and Batten Knots—Any cleat or batten knot
packed. width shall not exceed ⁄4 the member width. Knots shall be
D 6254/D 6254M – 99 (2005)
13 5
NOTE 1—Top cleat ⁄16 by 1 ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 35 mm].
13 7
Bottom cleat ⁄16 by ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 16 mm].
7 3
Top battens ⁄8 by 1 ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 29 mm].
FIG. 3 Type III Wirebound Box (Select Class 3 or 4 Base from Fig. 6)
sound and tight with no part within 1 ⁄4 in. [32 mm] of the cleat 6.1.1.4 Splits Extending Entire Board Length—Splits ex-
or batten end. Loose knots and knot holes shall not be
tendingtheentireboardlengthshallbepermittedforsides,top,
permitted in cleats and battens.
bottom, and ends, provided the width of the narrowest piece of
6.1.1.3 Face and Deck Board and Stringer Knots—Any
the board measured from the split is 1 ⁄2 in. [38 mm] or greater,
face and deck board and stringer knot width shall not exceed
and a staple holds each piece end in place.
1 1
1 ⁄2in.[38mm]nor ⁄3thememberwidth.Knotsshallbesound
6.1.1.5 Splits Diverging to Board Edge—Splits diverging to
and tight with no part of any knot within 1 in. [25 mm] of the
an outer box edge shall not be permitted. Splits extending less
member end. Loose knots or knot holes not more than 1 in. [25
than the entire board length and not diverging to a board edge
mm]wideshallbepermitted,providedtheyarenotwithin1in.
shall be permitted for sides, top, bottom and ends, provided
[25 mm] of the member end.
D 6254/D 6254M – 99 (2005)
7 3
NOTE 1—Top battens (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 7) ⁄8 by 1 ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 29 mm].
16 7
All cleats (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 7) ⁄16 by ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 16 mm]
FIG. 4 Type IV Wirebound Box (Select Class 1 or 2 Base from Fig. 5)
that if the split were extended, the resulting boards would wire. The wire tensile strength shall be from 60 000 to
comply with the minimum requirements of 6.1.1.4. 85 000-lb/in. [413 685 to 586 054 kPa].
6.1.1.6 Splits Extending Through Staple or Nail Holes—
6.1.3.1 Coating—The binding wire surface shall be galva-
Board-endslits,causedbyafastener,whicharenotlongerthan
nized. The galvanized coating shall be smooth and shall not
3 in. [76 mm], are acceptable provided the split does not 3
flake nor peel when the wire is wound around a ⁄16-in. [5-mm]
terminate in the board edge.
diameter mandrel (see 8.2).
6.1.1.7 Wane or Bark—Wane along any one wood member
6.1.4 Staples—Staples shall be made from low carbon steel
edge will be permitted for the full length of the member
wire.The wire tensile strength shall be from 95 000 to 125 000
provided it does not exceed ⁄8 in. [10 mm] in either direction
lb/in. [655002to861844kPa].Staplesshallbeinaccordance
from the member edge. Bark shall not be permitted on any
with Specification F 1667, Type IV, Style 3.
wood component.
6.1.4.1 Coating—The staple wire surface shall be galva-
6.1.1.8 Moisture Content—At the time of box fabrication,
nized. The galvanized coating shall be smooth and shall not
wood member moisture content shall be in accordance with
flake nor peel when the wire is wound around a ⁄16-in. [5-mm]
Practice D 6199 except that there shall be no restriction on
diameter mandrel (see 8.2).
pallet base stringer’s moisture content.
6.1.1.9 Preservation Treatment—When TreatmentAor B is 6.1.5 Nails—Nails shall conform to Specification F 1667.
Pallet nails shall be in accordance with Specification F 1667,
specified, pallet finished parts or complete pallet boxes shall be
immersed or flooded completely so as to cover all interior and Type I, Style 18.
exterior surfaces for the time period specified. Treatment A
shall utilize TT-W-572, Composition C or D preservative, or a
7. Construction
commercial equivalent, for a minimum of 3 min. Treatment B
7.1 Type and Class—A partial four-way or two-way entry
shall utilize either a 2 % copper naphthenate, a 3 % zinc
base may be used with each box type as specified (see Section
naphthenate, or a 1.8 % oxine copper, formerly referred to as
5).
copper-8-quinolinolate, solution for a minimum of 1 min.
7.1.1 Type I Boxes—Type I boxes shall conform to Fig. 1.
6.1.2 Plywood—Type IVboxes shall use plywood conform-
Type I boxes shall be limited to a 48-in. [1219-mm] maximum
ing to ANSI/HPVA HP-1-1994, Type I, Grade 3-4; APA
inside depth (load height). The inside length or width shall not
PS1-95, Interior with Exterior Glue; or APA PS1-95, Exterior,
exceed 60 in. [1524 mm], and when added together, shall not
Grade C-C. Plywood shall have no defects (knot holes, worm
exceed 102 in. [2591 mm]. Bases shall conform to Fig. 5.
holes, and so forth) extending through the panel. Unless
otherwise specified, plywood shall be finished unsanded. 7.1.2 Type II Boxes—Type II boxes shall conform to Fig. 2.
TypeIIboxesshallbelimitedtoa40-in.[1016-mm]maximum
6.1.3 Binding Wire—Binding wire shall be as a minimum,
13-gage, 0.0915-in. [2.324 mm] diameter, low carbon, an- inside depth (load height). The inside length and width
nealed steel wire. The wire’s physical properties shall permit dimensions,whenaddedtogether,shallnotexceed96in.[2438
satisfactory forming of the loop closures without fracturing the mm]. Bases shall conform to Fig. 5.
D 6254/D 6254M – 99 (2005)
FIG. 5 Class 2—Pallet Bases (for Types I, II, and IV Boxes)
7.1.3 Type III Boxes—Type III boxes shall conform to Fig. maximum inside depth (load height). The inside length shall
3 and to the dimensional limitations of 7.1.2. Bases shall notexceed96in.[2438mm].Theinsidewidthshallnotexceed
conform to Fig. 6. 48 in. [1219 mm]. The inside length and width dimensions,
7.1.4 Type IV Boxes—Type IV boxes shall conform to Fig. when added together, shall not exceed 128 in. [3251 mm].
4. Type IV boxes shall be limited to a 48-in. [1219-mm] Bases shall conform to Fig. 5.
D 6254/D 62
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6254/D 6254M – 99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Specification for
Wirebound Pallet-Type Wood Boxes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6254/D 6254M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ments
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new fully
D 1990 Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for
enclosed wirebound pallet-type wooden boxes intended for use
Visually-Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests
as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general
of Full-Size Specimens
materials and supplies, not exceeding 2500 lb [1134 kg] (see
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
10.1).
D 3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
1.2 Wirebound pallet-type wooden box performance is de-
D 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
pendent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of
tainers and Systems
types,classes,andtreatmentsreflectingvariedperformanceare
D 4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure-
specified. This specification, however, does not cover wire-
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
bound pallet-type wooden box performance under all atmo-
D 4444 TestMethodsforUseandCalibrationofHand-Held
sphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
Moisture Meters
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is
D 6199 Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Contain-
acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.11), the resulting packaging
ers and Pallets
systems shall be of equal or better performance than would
F 1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes,
result from the use of these specified materials and procedures.
and Staples
The appropriate distribution cycle provided in Practice D 4169
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
2.2 Federal Specifications:
be regarded separately as standard.Within the text, the SI units
TT-W-572 Wood Preservative: Water-Repellent
are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-
CFR Parts 107–180, Title 49, Hazardous Materials Regula-
pendentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystems
tions
may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/
2.4 APA—The Engineered Wood Association Standard:
ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
PSI-95 Construction and Industrial Plywood
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.5 Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association Standard:
safety concerns, if any associated with its use. It is the
HPVA HP-1-1994 Hardwood and Decorative Plywood
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.6 National Motor Freight Traffıc Association:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
National Motor Freight Classification
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Available from the Federal Supply Service Bureau, Specification Section, Suite
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on 8100, 480 L’Enfant Plaza, SW, Washington, DC 20408.
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on Shipping AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Containers, Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures. 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originally Available from APA–The Engineered Wood Association, 7011 South 19th St.,
approvedin1998.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1999asD 6254/D 6254M – 99. PO Box 11700, Tacoma, WA 98411-0700.
2 6
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association, PO Box 2789,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Reston, VA 2290-0789.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from National Motor Freight Traffic Association, 2200 Mill Rd.,
the ASTM website. Alexandria, VA 22302.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 6254/D 6254M – 99 (2005)
2.7 Uniform Classification Committee Standard: 4.2.3 Class 3—Partial four-way entry base with two differ-
Uniform Freight Classification ent length sidewalls (see Fig. 6).
4.2.4 Class 4—Two-way entry base with two different
3. Terminology
length sidewalls (see Fig. 6).
4.3 Treatment:
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for packaging and dis-
tribution environments are found in Terminology D 996. 4.3.1 Treatment A—With water preservative treatment (see
6.1.1.9).
4. Classification
4.3.2 Treatment B—With water preservative treatment (see
6.1.1.9).
4.1 Type:
4.3.3 Treatment C—Without preservative treatment.
4.1.1 Type I—Sheathed lumber, 2500-lb [1134-kg] maxi-
mum load (see Fig. 1).
5. Ordering Information
4.1.2 Type II—Sheathed lumber and veneer, 1500-lb [680-
5.1 Purchasers should select the preferred permitted options
kg] maximum load (see Fig. 2).
and include the following information in procurement docu-
4.1.3 Type III—Sheathed lumber and veneer with two dif-
ments:
ferent length sidewalls, 1500-lb [680-kg] maximum load (see
5.1.1 Specification title, number, and date.
Fig. 3).
5.1.2 Box type, class, and treatment required (see 4.1-4.3
4.1.4 TypeIV—Sheathedplywood,2500-lb[1134-kg]maxi-
and 7.1).
mum load (see Fig. 4).
5.1.3 Contents weight.
4.2 Class:
5.1.4 Modifications to container manufacturer’s identifica-
4.2.1 Class 1—Partial four-way entry base (see Fig. 5).
tion (see 7.6).
4.2.2 Class 2—Two-way entry base (see Fig. 5).
5.1.5 Box dimensions specified in order of length by width
by depth (see 7.7 and Fig. 7).
5.1.6 When preservative treatment is required (see 4.3 and
Available from the Uniform Classification Committee, Tariff Publishing Of-
6.1.1.9).
ficer, 151 Ellis St., N.E. Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30335.
13 7
NOTE 1—All cleats (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 7), ⁄16 by ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 16 mm]. Type I wirebound box (Select Class 1 or 2 base from Fig. 5).
FIG. 1 Type I Wirebound Box (Select Class 1 or 2 Base from Fig. 5)
D 6254/D 6254M – 99 (2005)
7 3
NOTE 1—Top battens (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 7) ⁄8 by 1 ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 29 mm].
13 7
All cleats (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 7) ⁄16 by ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 16 mm].
FIG. 2 Type II Wirebound Box (Select Class 1 or 2 Base from Fig. 5).
5.1.7 Whether boxes are to be shipped assembled or 6.1.1 Wood—Woodusedinboxfabricationshallconformto
knocked down (see 9.1). PracticeD 6199asapplicableandshallconformtocommercial
5.1.8 Whether additional markings are required (see 9.2). standards in accordance with Practice D 1990. Group I Woods
5.1.9 Whetherdifferentstrappingmaterialsarerequired(see shall not be permitted for cleats. Nominal dimensions shall be
S3.2.1). as specified in Practice D 6199.
5.1.10 Whether additional support is required (see S3.2.3).
6.1.1.1 Wood Quality—Grain divergence (grain slope),
5.1.11 Whether other construction methods or techniques
whether on a wooden member face or edge, shall not exceed 1
are acceptable and permitted (see 1.3).
in. [25 mm] per 10-in. [254-mm] length for pallet base and box
5.1.11.1 Whether proof that other constructions methods or
frame members and shall not exceed 1 in. [25 mm] per 8-in.
techniques are acceptable (see 1.3) is required.
[203-mm] length for face boards. Members shall be free from
decay and sufficiently smooth on the exterior surface to permit
6. Materials and Manufacture
legible markings. Stains and discoloration not associated with
decaywillbepermittedprovidedtheyarenotsopronouncedas
6.1 Materials—It is encouraged that recycled material be
to obscure markings. Members shall be free from all defects
used when practical. All recovered, recycled, or virgin mate-
that will interfere with specified stapling and nailing. Each
rials used in box manufacture shall meet the requirements of
wood member shall be a single wood piece without any joints.
this specification and referenced documents. In addition, ma-
terials shall not affect or be affected by the product being 6.1.1.2 Cleat and Batten Knots—Any cleat or batten knot
packed. width shall not exceed ⁄4 the member width. Knots shall be
D 6254/D 6254M – 99 (2005)
13 5
NOTE 1—Top cleat ⁄16 by 1 ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 35 mm].
13 7
Bottom cleat ⁄16 by ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 16 mm].
7 3
Top battens ⁄8 by 1 ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 29 mm].
FIG. 3 Type III Wirebound Box (Select Class 3 or 4 Base from Fig. 6)
sound and tight with no part within 1 ⁄4 in. [32 mm] of the cleat 6.1.1.4 Splits Extending Entire Board Length—Splits ex-
or batten end. Loose knots and knot holes shall not be
tendingtheentireboardlengthshallbepermittedforsides,top,
permitted in cleats and battens.
bottom, and ends, provided the width of the narrowest piece of
6.1.1.3 Face and Deck Board and Stringer Knots—Any
the board measured from the split is 1 ⁄2 in. [38 mm] or greater,
face and deck board and stringer knot width shall not exceed
and a staple holds each piece end in place.
1 1
1 ⁄2in.[38mm]nor ⁄3thememberwidth.Knotsshallbesound
6.1.1.5 Splits Diverging to Board Edge—Splits diverging to
and tight with no part of any knot within 1 in. [25 mm] of the
an outer box edge shall not be permitted. Splits extending less
member end. Loose knots or knot holes not more than 1 in. [25
than the entire board length and not diverging to a board edge
mm]wideshallbepermitted,providedtheyarenotwithin1in.
shall be permitted for sides, top, bottom and ends, provided
[25 mm] of the member end.
D 6254/D 6254M – 99 (2005)
7 3
NOTE 1—Top battens (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 7) ⁄8 by 1 ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 29 mm].
16 7
All cleats (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 7) ⁄16 by ⁄8 in. nominal [16 by 16 mm]
FIG. 4 Type IV Wirebound Box (Select Class 1 or 2 Base from Fig. 5)
that if the split were extended, the resulting boards would wire. The wire tensile strength shall be from 60 000 to
comply with the minimum requirements of 6.1.1.4. 85 000-lb/in. [413 685 to 586 054 kPa].
6.1.1.6 Splits Extending Through Staple or Nail Holes—
6.1.3.1 Coating—The binding wire surface shall be galva-
Board-endslits,causedbyafastener,whicharenotlongerthan
nized. The galvanized coating shall be smooth and shall not
3 in. [76 mm], are acceptable provided the split does not 3
flake nor peel when the wire is wound around a ⁄16-in. [5-mm]
terminate in the board edge.
diameter mandrel (see 8.2).
6.1.1.7 Wane or Bark—Wane along any one wood member
6.1.4 Staples—Staples shall be made from low carbon steel
edge will be permitted for the full length of the member
wire.The wire tensile strength shall be from 95 000 to 125 000
provided it does not exceed ⁄8 in. [10 mm] in either direction
lb/in. [655002to861844kPa].Staplesshallbeinaccordance
from the member edge. Bark shall not be permitted on any
with Specification F 1667, Type IV, Style 3.
wood component.
6.1.4.1 Coating—The staple wire surface shall be galva-
6.1.1.8 Moisture Content—At the time of box fabrication,
nized. The galvanized coating shall be smooth and shall not
wood member moisture content shall be in accordance with
flake nor peel when the wire is wound around a ⁄16-in. [5-mm]
Practice D 6199 except that there shall be no restriction on
diameter mandrel (see 8.2).
pallet base stringer’s moisture content.
6.1.1.9 Preservation Treatment—When TreatmentAor B is 6.1.5 Nails—Nails shall conform to Specification F 1667.
Pallet nails shall be in accordance with Specification F 1667,
specified, pallet finished parts or complete pallet boxes shall be
immersed or flooded completely so as to cover all interior and Type I, Style 18.
exterior surfaces for the time period specified. Treatment A
shall utilize TT-W-572, Composition C or D preservative, or a
7. Construction
commercial equivalent, for a minimum of 3 min. Treatment B
7.1 Type and Class—A partial four-way or two-way entry
shall utilize either a 2 % copper naphthenate, a 3 % zinc
base may be used with each box type as specified (see Section
naphthenate, or a 1.8 % oxine copper, formerly referred to as
5).
copper-8-quinolinolate, solution for a minimum of 1 min.
7.1.1 Type I Boxes—Type I boxes shall conform to Fig. 1.
6.1.2 Plywood—Type IVboxes shall use plywood conform-
Type I boxes shall be limited to a 48-in. [1219-mm] maximum
ing to ANSI/HPVA HP-1-1994, Type I, Grade 3-4; APA
inside depth (load height). The inside length or width shall not
PS1-95, Interior with Exterior Glue; or APA PS1-95, Exterior,
exceed 60 in. [1524 mm], and when added together, shall not
Grade C-C. Plywood shall have no defects (knot holes, worm
exceed 102 in. [2591 mm]. Bases shall conform to Fig. 5.
holes, and so forth) extending through the panel. Unless
otherwise specified, plywood shall be finished unsanded. 7.1.2 Type II Boxes—Type II boxes shall conform to Fig. 2.
TypeIIboxesshallbelimitedtoa40-in.[1016-mm]maximum
6.1.3 Binding Wire—Binding wire shall be as a minimum,
13-gage, 0.0915-in. [2.324 mm] diameter, low carbon, an- inside depth (load height). The inside length and width
nealed steel wire. The wire’s physical properties shall permit dimensions,whenaddedtogether,shallnotexceed96in.[2438
satisfactory forming of the loop closures without fracturing the mm]. Bases shall conform to Fig. 5.
D 6254/D 6254M – 99 (2005)
FIG. 5 Class 2—Pallet Bases (for Types I, II, and IV Boxes)
7.1.3 Type III Boxes—Type III boxes shall conform to Fig. maximum inside depth (load height). The inside length shall
3 and to the dimensional limitations of 7.1.2. Bases shall notexceed96in.[2438mm].Theinsidewidthshallnotexceed
conform to Fig. 6. 48 in. [1219 mm]. The inside length and width dimensions,
7.1.4 Type IV Boxes—Type IV boxes shall conform to Fig. when added together, shall not exceed 128 in. [3251 mm].
4. Type IV boxes shall be limited to a 48-in. [1219-mm] Bases shall conform to Fig. 5.
D 6254/D 62
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